Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, -10, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 are associated with vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study

Impaired regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) may contribute to vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. We investigated associations between plasma MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -10 and TIMP-1, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or microvascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients. We also evaluated to which extent these associations could be explained by low-grade inflammation (LGI) or endothelial dysfunction (ED). Methods: 493 type 1 diabetes patients (39.5 ± 9.9 years old, 51% men) from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study were included. Linear regression analysis was applied to investigate differences in plasma levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -10, and TIMP-1 between patients with and without CVD, albuminuria or retinopathy. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, Hba1c and additionally for other cardiovascular risk factors including LGI and ED. Results: Patients with CVD (n = 118) showed significantly higher levels of TIMP-1 [β = 0.32 SD (95%CI: 0.12; 0.52)], but not of MMPs, than patients without CVD (n = 375). Higher plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10 and TIMP-1 were associated with higher levels of albuminuria (p-trends were 0.028, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Severity of retinopathy was significantly associated with higher levels of MMP-2 (p-trend = 0.017). These associations remained significant after further adjustment for markers of LGI and ED. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that impaired regulation of matrix remodeling by actions of MMP-2, -3 and-10 and TIMP-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular complications in type 1 diabetes

Relationship Between Risk Factors and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients in Europe: The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (PCS)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes

Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Aktivitätsstruktur als statistisches und polizeiliches Problem in der Grafschaft Lippe in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts

Bulst N, Hoock J. Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Aktivitätsstruktur als statistisches und polizeiliches Problem in der Grafschaft Lippe in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. In: Bulst N, Hoock J, Irsigler F, eds. Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Stadt-Land-Beziehungen in Deutschland und Frankreich, 14.-19. Jahrhundert. Trier: Auenthal-Verlag; 1983: 231-278

X-ray detectors based on semi-insulating GaAs substrate.

Semi-insulating GaAs is suitable as detector for X-rays and particles. Compared to silicon, charge carriers in GaAs have less effective mass, so they gain a higher acceleration. The detectors operate as Schottky diodes. Design and processing were carried out at the IAF in Freiburg. The layout contains quadratic diodes of various sizes (2x2 square millimetre, 3x3 square millimetre, etc.) and also microstrip detectors. Test measurements were made with Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-rays. For the first time X-rays down to 20 keV have been observed with room temperature GaAs. With Gamma-radiation of high57Co, 122 keV, an energy resolution of 18 % FWHM was obtained. It is planned to integrate signal processing fast electronics on the same wafer. Also discussed is a data transfer by optoelectronical means, as for example laser diodes and MSM photodiodes