Functional genomics of a symbiotic community : shared traits in the olive fruit fly gut microbiota

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae is a major pest of olives worldwide and houses a specialized gut microbiota dominated by the obligate symbiont “Candidatus Erwinia dacicola”. Ca. E. dacicola is thought to supplement dietary nitrogen to the host, with only indirect evidence for this hypothesis so far. Here, we sought to investigate the contribution of the symbiosis to insect fitness and explore the ecology of the insect gut. For this purpose, we examined the composition of bacterial communities associated with Cretan olive fruit fly populations, and inspected several genomes and one transcriptome assembly. We identified, and reconstructed the genome of, a novel component of the gut microbiota, Tatumella sp. TA1, which is stably associated with Mediterranean olive fruit fly populations. We also reconstructed a number of pathways related to nitrogen assimilation and interactions with the host. The results show that, despite variation in taxa composition of the gut microbial community, core functions related to the symbiosis are maintained. Functional redundancy between different microbial taxa was observed for genes involved in urea hydrolysis. The latter is encoded in the obligate symbiont genome by a conserved urease operon, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer, based on phylogenetic evidence. A potential underlying mechanism is the action of mobile elements, especially abundant in the Ca. E. dacicola genome. This finding, along with the identification, in the studied genomes, of extracellular surface structure components that may mediate interactions within the gut community, suggest that ongoing and past genetic exchanges between microbes may have shaped the symbiosis

LTE-Advanced fair intelligent admission control LTE-FIAC

© 2014 IEEE. Radio Admission Control (RAC) is a key function of the Radio Resource Management (RRM) at layer 3 of an eNodeB; however, the 3GPP standard does not specify the RAC and is left as an eNodeB vendor specific. Most admission control schemes proposed to date do not ensure differentiation among the users at different priority levels. Also, they do not provide fairness among the users with the same priority. This paper proposes a novel RAC scheme for Long Term Evolution (LTE-Advanced) networks based on the combined idea of complete sharing and virtual partitioning. It introduces a step wise degradation scheme, to prioritize the high priority traffic in state of resource limitations. A detailed and comprehensive simulation is performed in Opnet to show the efficiency of the proposed RAC scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RAC scheme minimizes the call blocking probability and adheres extremely well to the bandwidth constraints of different traffic types

Large-scale and significant expression from pseudogenes in Sodalis glossinidius – a facultative bacterial endosymbiont

The majority of bacterial genomes have high coding efficiencies, but there are some genomes of intracellular bacteria that have low gene density. The genome of the endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius contains almost 50 % pseudogenes containing mutations that putatively silence them at the genomic level. We have applied multiple ‘omic’ strategies, combining Illumina and Pacific Biosciences Single-Molecule Real-Time DNA sequencing and annotation, stranded RNA sequencing and proteome analysis to better understand the transcriptional and translational landscape of Sodalis pseudogenes, and potential mechanisms for their control. Between 53 and 74 % of the Sodalis transcriptome remains active in cell-free culture. The mean sense transcription from coding domain sequences (CDSs) is four times greater than that from pseudogenes. Comparative genomic analysis of six Illumina-sequenced Sodalis isolates from different host Glossina species shows pseudogenes make up ~40 % of the 2729 genes in the core genome, suggesting that they are stable and/or that Sodalis is a recent introduction across the genus Glossina as a facultative symbiont. These data shed further light on the importance of transcriptional and translational control in deciphering host–microbe interactions. The combination of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics gives a multidimensional perspective for studying prokaryotic genomes with a view to elucidating evolutionary adaptation to novel environmental niches

De novo structural modeling and computational sequence analysis of a bacteriocin protein isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain LC-31

Bacteriocins produced by different groups of bacteria are ribosomally synthesized peptides or proteins with antimicrobial and specific antagonistic bacterial interaction activity. Rhizobium leguminosarum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium which plays an important role in nitrogen fixation in leguminose plants. Bacteriocins produced by different strains of R. leguminosarum are known to impart antagonistic effects on other closely related strains. Recently, a bacteriocin gene was isolated from R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strain LC-31. Our study was aimed towards computational proteomic analysis and 3D structural modeling of this novel bacteriocin protein encoded by the earlier aforementioned gene. Different bioinformatics tools and machine learning techniques were used for protein structural classification. De novo protein modeling was performed by using I-TASSER server. The final model obtained was accessed by PROCHECK and DFIRE2, which confirmed that the final model is reliable. Until complete biochemical and structural data of bacteriocin protein produced by R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strain LC-31 are determined by experimental means, this model can serve as a valuable reference for characterizing this multifunctional protein.Key words: Bacteriocin, rhizobium, protein modelling, nodulation, symbiosis, nitrogen fixation

STUDI MODEL PENGARUH PERUBAHAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KOTA METRO TAHUN 2010-2020

Every year, Metro City sees a rise in population, which has an impact on how the city uses its property. One of the cities in Lampung Province with a total area of 7315.40 hectares is Metro City. Given that this territory makes up only 0.22 percent of Lampung Province's total area, there is concern that Metro City may face issues as its population grows and its need for land increases while its supply does not.. By adopting a guided categorization approach to define the Metro City's land use area, the land use is divided into three categories: the use of developed land, the use of undeveloped land, and the use of water bodies. A supervised classification analysis was utilized to identify the land use in Metro City, and a straightforward linear regression analysis was employed to ascertain the connection between population and land use in Metro City. In the years 2010 to 2020, Metro City's population grew by 23,205, while in the same period, the amount of developed land in Metro City climbed by 429.72 hectares. The North Metro District, which has an area of 156.94 hectares, had the subdistricts that underwent the greatest changes in land use from undeveloped land use to the most extensive use of built up land, while the South Metro subdistrict, which has an area of only 48.53 hectares, underwent the fewest changes. If the population is compared to the use of undeveloped land, the relationship is inverse; for every rise in population, the use of undeveloped land will suffer a decrease. However, there will be an increase in the use of built-up land for every increase in population

The groundwater geochemistry of the Saloum delta aquifer: Importance of silicate weathering, recharge and mixing processes

The physical-chemical and isotopic characteristics of the groundwater in the Saloum detrital aquifer system obtained from a network of 74 sampling points have indicated the likely geochemical reactions and defined the groundwater flow regime in the context of a semi-arid region. The main geochemical zones with distinct water types and isotopic contents displayed through this investigation are the results of ion exchange reactions, both congruent and incongruent reactions of carbonate, silicate minerals combined with effects of recharge/ discharge by evaporation and salinization processes in the vicinity of the estuary system. Use of minor and trace elements against the conservative ions of Cl and Br supports the highly weathering processes of the aquifer matrix which seem even to affect by incongruent reactions the oxide and hydroxide minerals under aerobic conditions. In this region, recharge is highly heterogeneous and recent recharged waters as well as preferential flow paths have been evidenced using stable isotopes of 18O and 2H together with radioactive 3H.Key words: Hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, radioactive isotope, groundwater recharge, salinization

A neotype designation for the Ascension Frigatebird Fregata aquila (Aves: Fregatidae)

The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the article. This is an OpenAccess article

Analysis of structural variations of the precipitate based on monitoring the industrial electrolysis of copper powders of various brands

This study is associated with the solution to the blending problem of the charge for the output of ready articles. The main requirements are claimed to the specific surface and the packed density of the powders of basic brands PML0, PMS-1, and GG. The dynamics of the development of the dendrite depositions for powders of mentioned brands with the simultaneous registration of the cathodic overvoltage is investigated under industrial experimental conditions. The procedure is developed and the results of the continuous monitoring of the deposition growth with the direct immersion of a video camera into the electrolyte are presented. The reproducibility of the results is evaluated statistically. Based on the galvanostatic crystallization model of the dendrite deposition on the rod electrode, the dynamics of varying the density (N) and radius (r t) of growing tips on the growth front is calculated. It is established by variance analysis that structural parameters N and r t are individual for depositions of every brand, so that the preparation conditions of the deposition during the electrolysis should be strictly fulfilled as the charge forms. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting with total insomnia--a case report

Fatal insomnia (FI) is the first diagnosis to be considered by most neurologists when approaching a patient presenting with total insomnia followed by personality and cognitive changes, disturbance of alertness, autonomic hyperactivation and movement abnormalities. We report the case of a 30 year-old male patient who presented with total insomnia followed by episodes of psychomotor restlessness resembling anxiety attacks. Twenty days later, he developed refractory convulsive status epilepticus with admission to Intensive Care Unit. He progressed to a state of reduced alertness and responsiveness, presenting periods of agitation with abnormal dyskinetic movements, periods of autonomic instability and central hypoventilation. Workup revealed antibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Immunotherapy treatment led to a very significant improvement with the patient presenting only slight frontal lobe dysfunction after one year of recovery. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis first presenting with total insomnia. Our aim is to alert that anti-NMDAR encephalitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of FI, especially in sporadic cases. Distinguishing the two conditions is very important as, contrarily to the fatal disclosure of FI, anti-NMDAR encephalitis is potentially reversible with adequate treatment even after severe and prolonged disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio