Comparison of gamma-gamma Phase Coarsening Responses of Three Powder Metal Disk Superalloys

The phase microstructures of several powder metal (PM) disk superalloys were quantitatively evaluated. Contents, chemistries, and lattice parameters of gamma and gamma strengthening phase were determined for conventionally heat treated Alloy 10, LSHR, and ME3 superalloys, after electrolytic phase extractions. Several of long term heat treatments were then performed, to allow quantification of the precipitation, content, and size distribution of gamma at a long time interval to approximate equilibrium conditions. Additional coarsening heat treatments were performed at multiple temperatures and shorter time intervals, to allow quantification of the precipitation, contents and size distributions of gamma at conditions diverging from equilibrium. Modest differences in gamma and gamma lattice parameters and their mismatch were observed among the alloys, which varied with heat treatment. Yet, gamma coarsening rates were very similar for all three alloys in the heat treatment conditions examined. Alloy 10 had higher gamma dissolution and formation temperatures than LSHR and ME3, but a lower lattice mismatch, which was slightly positive for all three alloys at room temperature. The gamma precipitates of Alloy 10 appeared to remain coherent at higher temperatures than for LSHR and ME3. Higher coarsening rates were observed for gamma precipitates residing along grain boundaries than for those within grains in all three alloys, during slow-moderate quenching from supersolvus solution heat treatments, and during aging at temperatures of 843 C and higher

Computer Simulation of Final-Stage Sintering: I, Model Kinetics, and Microstructure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65565/1/j.1151-2916.1990.tb06686.x.pd

Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome among Women in Chinese Rural Areas

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is prevalent in recent years but few data is reported in the rural areas in China. The aim of this study was to examine MS prevalence and its risk factors among women in rural China. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study (NMSS), a population based cross-sectional study, was conducted during 2007-2008 in Nantong, China. In person interviews, blood glucose and lipid measurements were completed for 13,505 female participants aged 18-74 years. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the US Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program, the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) and modified ATPIII for Asian population has determined three criteria of MS. These criteria for MS were used and compared in this study. The prevalence of MS was 22.0%, 16.9% and 23.3% according to IDF, ATPIII and ATPIII-modified criteria, respectively. Levels of agreement of these criteria for MS were above 0.75. We found that vigorous-intensity of occupational physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of MS with OR of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.91). Rice wine drinkers (alcohol >12.8 g/day) had about 34% low risks of developing MS with OR of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48-0.91), compared with non-drinkers. Odds ratio of MS was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.15-2.84) in women who smoked more than 20 pack-years, compared to non-smokers. Odds ratio of MS was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.25-1.95) in women who had familial history of diseases, including hypertension, diabetes and stroke, compared to women without familial history of those diseases. CONCLUSION: MS is highly prevalent among women in rural China. Both physical activity and rice wine consumption play a protective role, while family history and smoking are risk factors in MS development. Educational programs should be established for promoting healthy lifestyles and appropriate interventions in rural China

The Council of Ministers and the problems of Russian Orthodox Church (1906–1914)

The article focuses on representations of the Russian government on the main problems of the Orthodox Church in the early twentieth century. The fi rst Russian revolution of 1905-1907 led to the proclamation of the principle of freedom of conscience, which must be reconciled with the maintaining principle of the dominant Church. For political reasons, the government embarked on a search for union with the Old Believers, but the Church was against this trend. The procurator of the Holy Synod P. P. Izvolsky tried to defend its interests in the government, but rarely found support. Meanwhile, Stolypin`s government feared complications of their relationship with the Synod. The government originally set itself the task of fully implement all the principles of the decree 17 April 1905. The revival of parish life was the main task in the field of Church according to the government. This problem was more urgent as political stability was realized. These particular problems are identified the appointment of V. C. Sabler to offi ce of the procurator of the Holy Synod. Sabler adjusted its policies in the confrontation with the III State Duma. It castigated the Synod and the alleged abolition of parochial schools. Sabler drafted a reform of the parish, which unlike Izvolsky and Duma`s projects did not imagine electing clergy, moreover, he retained bishop`s control over the parish council. Sabler developed parish reform, but its implementation is complicated by the opposition of the executive and legislative powers. However Sabler could not get consent from the Council of Ministers in carrying out reforms parish bypassing legislative chambers. Policy of the Council of Ministers are supported by the monarch, who used his supreme power by the prime minister or the procurator only in special cases

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Mediates Cognitive Performance in Chronic Heart Failure Patients and Heart Transplant Recipients.

We compared cognitive profiles in chronic heart failure patients (HF), heart transplant recipients (HT) and healthy controls (HC) and examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> ), peak cardiac output (CO <sub>peak</sub> ) and cognitive performance. Stable HT patients (n = 11), HF patients (n = 11) and HC (n = 13) (61.5 ± 8.5 years) were recruited. Four cognitive composite scores targeting different cognitive functions were computed from neuropsychological tests: working memory, processing speed, executive functions and verbal memory. Processing speed and executive function scores were higher, which indicates lower performances in HF and HT compared to HC (p < 0.05). V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> and first ventilatory threshold (VT <sub>1</sub> ) were lower in HF and HT vs. HC (p < 0.01). CO <sub>peak</sub> was lower in HF vs. HT and HC (p < 0.01). Processing speed, executive function and verbal memory performances were correlated with V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> , VT <sub>1</sub> and peak cardiac hemodynamics (p < 0.05). Mediation analyses showed that V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> and VT <sub>1</sub> mediated the relationship between group and processing speed and executive function performances in HF and HT. CO <sub>peak</sub> fully mediated executive function and processing speed performances in HF only. V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> and CO <sub>peak</sub> were related to cognitive performance in the entire sample. In addition, V˙O <sub>2peak</sub> and VT <sub>1</sub> fully mediated the relationship between group and executive function and processing speed performances