La evolución del logotipo en el programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

El presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, la evolución del logotipo de una de las principales productoras y distribuidoras de Hollywood, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, durante sus llamados “años dorados” (1931-1941), utilizando el programa de mano como fuente primaria de la investigación. Tras un minucioso estudio, el programa de mano se revela como un peculiar método de publicidad cinematográfica que, rebasando los límites de su función originaria, se puede convertir en modelo de expresión artística, coyuntural elemento propagandístico, archivo visual de imágenes perdidas o auténtico objeto de culto para coleccionistas.This article analyze, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the course of the advertising emblem of one of Hollywood´s main producers and distributors, MGM, during the socalled Golden Years (1931/1941) using the program as a primary source of investigation. After a detailed study, the program reveals itself as a peculiar method of cinema advertising which, exceeding the limits of its original function, can become a model of art expression, structural advertising element, a visual file of lost images or real cult object for collectors

Valoración de escenarios futuros a través de la conectividad del paisaje

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología SIG de valoración de la conectividad del paisaje aplicada a la valoración de escenarios futuros para el Área Metropolitana de Granada. Esta metodología será empleada para realizar un análisis comparado de las pérdidas de conectividad que los tres escenarios introducen unos con respecto a otros y se revela, junto con la generación de escenarios futuros como un instrumento útil para ayudar en la toma de decisiones en lo que respecta a las formas, lugares e intensidades del crecimiento urbano.This paper presents a GIS methodology to assess landscape connectivity through urban growth scenarios in the Metropolitan Area of Granada. This methodology will be useful to assess landscape connectivity loss in a compared evaluation of the scenarios. Thus, this evaluation will be show as a useful tool, combined with the scenario simulation, to help in the metropolitan decision making process

Development of an economic model for the optimal management of water meters installed in banks inside buildings in water supply network

[ES] Reducir las pérdidas aparentes debidas a las inexactitudes de los contadores de agua, conocer la vida útil de los contadores o mejorar la eficiencia del parque de contadores de agua son algunos de los objetivos de las compañías de abastecimiento de agua. En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un modelo económico que le permite a las empresas conocer cuál es el tiempo óptimo de renovación de los contadores de agua instalados en batería y gestionar la sustitución de los mismos, con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia del parque de contadores de agua y mejorar el beneficio neto que obtienen las empresas por los volúmenes de agua registrada. El modelo económico estudia el estado de las baterías de contadores, localizando aquellas que se encuentran en peor estado metrológico y que, por lo tanto, deben sustituirse con mayor prioridad, y busca la ruta óptima que deben seguir los operarios para reducir los costes de desplazamiento de las labores de sustitución.[EN] One of the key objectives of water distribution companies is to reduce apparent losses caused by water meters inaccuracies, to know the useful life of water meters and to improve the overall efficiency of the meters installed in the system. This article details the development of an improved economic model that allows for a more accurate calculation of the useful life of water meters installed inside buildings, in meter banks. The new methodology improves water meter management, reduces costs and increases the water utility revenue by making the replacement activities of those meters more efficient. The new economic model searches for residential buildings in which the meters are installed in meter banks and have the worse metrological conditions. The economic model makes a selection of the meters in those buildings that need to be replaced and the ones that can be left in the bank. Then, the new economic model searches for the buildings nearby that need to be visited to optimize the tHernández-García, A.; Bazán, L.; Valera-Talavera, O.; Arregui-De La Cruz, F. (2020). Desarrollo de un modelo económico para la gestión de contadores de agua instalados en batería en redes de abastecimiento. Ingeniería del agua. 24(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2020.12164OJS113241Allender, H. 1996. Determining the economical optimum life of residential water meters. Journal of Water Engineering and Management, 143(9), 20-24.Arregui-de la Cruz, F., Cabrera-Rochera, E., Cobacho-Jordán, R. 2007. Gestión integral de contadores de agua. Valencia: Gil Industrias Gráficas, SL.Arregui, F., Cobacho, R., Cabrera, E., Espert, V. 2011. Graphical Method to Calculate the Optimum Replacement Period for Water Meters. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(1), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000100Gavara-Tortes, F., Arregui-de la Cruz, F. 2018. Análisis metrológico de contadores de agua en abastecimientos. TecnoAqua, (30), 72-80. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/120333Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2018. Estadística sobre el suministro y saneamiento del agua en el año 2016, s.l.: Notas de prensa. Disponible en: https://www.ine.es/prensa/essa_2016.pdfMale, J., Noss, R., Moore, I. 1985. Identifying and reducing losses in water distribution systems. Noyes Publications.Planells, F., Antolí, A., López, V., Sanz, F., García-Serra, J. 1987. Diagnóstico de la gestión óptima de contadores en un sistema de distribución de agua. Tecnología del agua, 38, 42-55.Szilveszter, S., Beltran, R., Arturo, F. 2015. Performance analysis of the domestic water meter park in water supply network of Ibarra, Ecuador. Urban Water Journal, 21 Mayo.pp. 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2015.1057181Taborda, C., Anunciaçao, A. 1997. Os contadores e a qualidade da medição. Agua Scripta.Vindas Villalobos, J.C. 2005. Modelo para la cuantificación y desagregación de las pérdidas en sistemas de agua potable como herramienta para el establecimiento de un programa eficiente de reducción de pérdidas. Revista Evolución, 3(1), 29-45.Yee, M. 1999. Economic analysis for replacing residential meters. Journal of AWWA, 91(7), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08666.

On some iterated weighted spaces

[EN] It is proved that Hormander Bp,kloc (Omega 1 x Omega 2) and B-p,k1(loc) (Omega 1, B-p,k2(loc) (Omega(2))) spaces (Omega(1) subset of R-n, Omega(2) subset of R-m open sets, 1 <= p < infinity, k(i) Beurling-Bjorck weights, k = k(1) circle times k(2)) are isomorphic whereas the iterated spaces B-p,k1(loc) (Omega 1, B-p,k2(loc) (Omega(2))) and B-p,k2(loc) (Omega 1, B-p,k1(loc) (Omega(1))) are not if 1 < p not equal q < infinity. A similar result for weighted L-p-spaces of entire analytic functions is also obtained. Finally a result on iterated Besov spaces is given: B-2,q(s) (R-n, B-2,q(s) (R-m)) and B-2,q(s)(Rn+m) are not isomorphic when 1 < q not equal 2 < infinity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The author is partially supported by DGES, Spain, Project MTM2005-08350.Motos Izquierdo, J.; Planells Gilabert, MJ.; Talavera Usano, CF. (2008). On some iterated weighted spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 338(1):162-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.05.009S162174338

Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI)

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and the GLP-1 analog exenatide activate different cardioprotective pathways and may have additive effects on infarct size (IS). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of RIC as compared with sham procedure, and of exenatide, as compared with placebo, and the interaction between both, to reduce IS in humans. We designed a two-by-two factorial, randomized controlled, blinded, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 6 h of symptoms were randomized to RIC or sham procedure and exenatide or matching placebo. The primary outcome was IS measured by late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance performed 3–7 days after PPCI. The secondary outcomes were myocardial salvage index, transmurality index, left ventricular ejection fraction and relative microvascular obstruction volume. A total of 378 patients were randomly allocated, and after applying exclusion criteria, 222 patients were available for analysis. There were no significant interactions between the two randomization factors on the primary or secondary outcomes. IS was similar between groups for the RIC (24 ± 11.8% in the RIC group vs 23.7 ± 10.9% in the sham group, P = 0.827) and the exenatide hypotheses (25.1 ± 11.5% in the exenatide group vs 22.5 ± 10.9% in the placebo group, P = 0.092). There were no effects with either RIC or exenatide on the secondary outcomes. Unexpected adverse events or side effects of RIC and exenatide were not observed. In conclusion, neither RIC nor exenatide, or its combination, were able to reduce IS in STEMI patients when administered as an adjunct to PPCI

Morphological and Molecular Evolution Are Not Linked in Lamellodiscus (Plathyhelminthes, Monogenea)

Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs 1922 (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) is a genus of common parasites on the gills of sparid fishes. Here we show that this genus is probably undergoing a fast molecular diversification, as reflected by the important genetic variability observed within three molecular markers (partial nuclear 18S rDNA, Internal Transcribed Spacer 1, and mitonchondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I). Using an updated phylogeny of this genus, we show that molecular and morphological evolution are weakly correlated, and that most of the morphologically defined taxonomical units are not consistent with the molecular data. We suggest that Lamellodiscus morphology is probably constrained by strong environmental (host-induced) pressure, and discuss why this result can apply to other taxa. Genetic variability within nuclear 18S and mitochondrial COI genes are compared for several monogenean genera, as this measure may reflect the level of diversification within a genus. Overall our results suggest that cryptic speciation events may occur within Lamellodiscus, and discuss the links between morphological and molecular evolution