Essential oil combination of three species of Achillea growing wild in East Azarbayjan- Iran

Background and aims: The Achillea genus has a wide distributional range, and the differences in oil composition may be affected by different environmental factors such as plant genetic type, seasonality, and developmental stage. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical combination of the essential oils derived from flowering aerial parts of Achillea millefolium, A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii (family Astreacea) collected from different locations of East-Azarbayjan in Iran. Methods: In this experimental study, Wild Achillea plants (A. millefolium, A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii) were collected from three localities of East-Azarbayjan of Iran during the flowering period. The chemical combination of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: In A. millefolium, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (28.0), camphor (19.2), borneol (98.8) and β-pinene (6.3). In A. biebersteinii the major compounds were α-terpinen (41.42), 2-carene (13.96), m-cymene (13.41) and 1,8-cineole (8.91). In A. wilhelmsii the major compounds were carvacrol (29.2), linalool (10.3), 1,8-cineole (11.0), (E)-nerolidol (8.4) and borneol (5.04). Conclusion: Chemical compounds of essential oils of Achillea species were highly variable, which may be due to the differences in their chemical polymorphic structure and environmental conditions

Qualitative and quantitative changes of essential composition in the flowers of some populations of Elaeagnus angustifolia

Background and aims: Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is a member of the Elaeagaceae family; different parts of it, especially fruits have been used for the treatment of several diseases in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine essential oil composition of flowers of E. angustifolia collected from different ecological areas of East-Azarnayjan in Iran. Methods: In this experimental study, the essential oils of the flower were isolated by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: The number of compounds in the essential oil isolated from the population of Ahar, Marand and Hashtroud were 22, 17 and 14, respectively. The major component of all of the populations was ethylcinnamate; Ahar (47.59), Marand (69.99) and Hashtroud (85.49). It was observed that the oil number of E. angustifolia decreases from 22 to 14 when the altitude increases from 1344-1750 m. Conclusion:Chemical composition of the essential oils of E. angustifolia L. such as esters and aromatic acids contents were increased while the ketone content was decreased with increasing altitude

Pengaruh Training, Pengembangan Karier dan Insentif terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus: Dppkad di Pemprov Bangka-belitung)

Departing from the phenomena in increasing the productivity of civil servants every local government fix themselves, which we know will automatically improve the productivity of regional quality. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of training, career development and incentives one by one or simultaneously (simultaneously) to productivity of employees of Revenue Service of Financial Management and Regional Asset of BangkaBelitung Province Government (DPPKAD). Type of quantitative research with explanatory. Population of all employees of DPPKAD Government of Bangka-Belitung Province, while sampling technique probability sampling with slovin formula, found 203 employees as respondents, data analysis using multiple linear regression that the result of training, career development and incentives have a significant effect on work productivity, so it is advisable to increase training to improve career development according to internal needs so that DPPKAD officials of Bangka-Belitung Provincial Government are increasingly innovating and willing to share ideas and ideas, while the incentive variable should receive special attentio

Insights on the origin of vitrified rocks from serravuda, acri (Italy): Rock fulgurite or anthropogenic activity?

In this study, twenty five partially vitrified rocks and four samples of vitrified rocks collected on the top hill called Serravuda (Acri, Calabria, Italy) are analyzed. The goal is to shed light on the origin of these enigmatic vitrified materials. The analyzed vitrified rocks are a breccia of cemented rock fragments (gneiss, granitoid, and amphibolite fragments) which extends for more than 10 m, forming a continuous mass along the northern and north-west border of the flat top hill. Surrounded by the vitrified accumulation, exposed Paleozoic granitoid substrate rocks show limited melting or heat-alteration processes. By mapping minerals embedded in the glass matrix via X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an interpretation of source rock material, reactions, and thermometric indications to form vitrified materials on the top hill of Serravuda, Acri (Italy), is provided. The mineralogical composition of heated or partially vitrified samples is heterogeneous owing to the effects of heating events, but it mostly recalls the parent rock composition (gneiss, granitoid, and amphibolite). The presence of quartz, cristobalite, tridymite, mullite, plagioclase, hercynite, cordierite, and olivine in Serravuda partially vitrified rocks and glasses suggests that samples were subjected to pyrometamorphism and the temperature range at which the glass formed was about 1000–1100◦C in the presence of hydrous gas, burning organic material (e.g., wood), and assuming thermodynamic equilibrium. Lithologies of the heated or partially vitrified rock fragments are a mixture of parent rocks not outcropping on the top of the hill such as gneiss and amphibolite. Data suggest that Serravuda vitrified rocks are most likely the result of anthropic activities and could represent remnants of vitrified fort walls. The mineral assemblage of partially vitrified rocks and glasses suggests that the fort walls were made of slabs derived from the local metamorphic rocks with the addition of Serravuda substrate Paleozoic granitoid rocks to improve the strength and insulation of the fort walls

Keanekaragaman Ikan Bada (Pisces: Rasbora) Di Sungai Kumu Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu Riau

Study on diversity of bada fish (Pisces: Rasbora) in Kumu River Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu, Riau has been conducted from July to September 2014 by using the survey method. Samples were collected with gill nets, acting nets, hooks and trap by stratified sampling method with three repetitions in upperstream, middlestream, and downstream. Result showed, five species were found as Rasbora caudimaculata, R. argyrotaenia, R. trilineata, R. elegans, and R. rutteni. The environmental factors that affect diversity of the fish were temperature, pH, depth, current speed, DO, BOD5, and CO2, while the TSS was not affect

Effect of ethylene on postharvest strawberry fruit tissue biochemistry

The effect of continuous ethylene supplementation (50 µL L-1) on cold-stored strawberry fruit physiology and biochemistry, including phytohormone (abscisic acid) metabolism was investigated. In comparison with control fruit which exhibited high sucrose and malic acid contents during storage, ethylene-treated fruits showed increased respiration, sucrose hydrolysis and concomitant reducing sugars accumulation. Ethylene supplementation did not have any effect on phenolic profile. ABA biosynthesis, in both flesh and achenes, was promoted by ethylene. The results herein suggest that controlling ethylene after harvest could suppress senescence and extend shelf-life

A systematic review of the effects of Iranian pharmaceutical plant extracts on Giardia lamblia

This study aimed to provide a systematic review regarding anti-Giardia effect of different Iranian plant extracts used in vivo and in vitro on cysts and trophozoites. Many reports indicated that most of plant extracts used as anti-Giardia were obtained from Liliaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Myrtaceae. These extracts included different fractions such as aqueous, alcoholic and chloroform extracts as well as Soxhlet extraction of juice or essence. The findings of this review showed that hydroalcoholic extract of asafoetida, Chenopodium botrys, and chloroformic extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) have the maximum effect (100 efficacy) on in vitro application against Giardia. However, the highest in vivo effect of 100 therapeutic significance was recorded for the extract of Allium sativum at 80 mg/mL concentration. Given the plant species richness of Iran in terms of herbal medicines with fewer side effects, it can be a good alternative to chemical drugs used to treat giardiasis. © 2015 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press

The X-Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) onboard THESEUS

A compact and modular X and gamma-ray imaging spectrometer (XGIS) has been designed as one of the instruments foreseen on-board the THESEUS mission proposed in response to the ESA M5 call. The experiment envisages the use of CsI scintillator bars read out at both ends by single-cell 25 mm 2 Silicon Drift Detectors. Events absorbed in the Silicon layer (lower energy X rays) and events absorbed in the scintillator crystal (higher energy X rays and Gamma-rays) are discriminated using the on-board electronics. A coded mask provides imaging capabilities at low energies, thus allowing a compact and sensitive instrument in a wide energy band (~2 keV up to ~20 MeV). The instrument design, expected performance and the characterization performed on a series of laboratory prototypes are discussed.Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the THESEUS Workshop 2017 (http://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/workshop2017.html), Journal of the Italian Astronomical Society (Mem.SAIt), Editors L. Amati, E. Bozzo, M. Della Valle, D. Gotz, P. O'Brien. Details on the THESEUS mission concept can be found in the white paper Amati et al. 2017 (arXiv:171004638) and Stratta et al. 2017 (arXiv:1712.08153