23 research outputs found
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An application of Fleck effective scattering to the difference formulation for photon transport
We introduce a new treatment of the difference formulation[1] for photon radiation transport without scattering in 1d slab geometry that is closely analogous to that of Fleck and Cummings[2] for the traditional formulation. The resulting form is free of implicit source terms and has the familiar effective scattering of the field of transport
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Fission-Fusion Neutron Source Progress Report July 31, 2009
In this report the authors describe progress in evaluating the feasibility of a novel concept for producing intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons using the DT fusion reaction. In this new scheme the heating of the DT is accomplished using fission fragments rather than ion beams as in conventional magnet fusion schemes or lasers in ICF schemes. This has the great advantage that there is no need for any large auxiliary power source. The scheme does require large magnetic fields, but generating these fields, e.g. with superconducting magnets, requires only a modest power source. As a source of fission fragments they propose using a dusty reactor concept introduced some time ago by one of us (RC). The version of the dusty reactor that they propose using for our neutron source would operate as a thermal neutron reactor and use highly enriched uranium in the form of micron sized pellets of UC. Our scheme for using the fission fragments to produce intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons is based on the fission fragment rocket idea. In the fission fragment rocket scheme it was contemplated that the fission fragments produced in a low density reactor core would then be guided out of the reactor by large magnetic fields. A simple version of this idea would be to use the fission fragments escaping from one side of a tandem magnet mirror to heat DT gas confined in the adjacent magnetic trap
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Accurate and efficient radiation transport in optically thick media -- by means of the Symbolic Implicit Monte Carlo method in the difference formulation
The equations of radiation transport for thermal photons are notoriously difficult to solve in thick media without resorting to asymptotic approximations such as the diffusion limit. One source of this difficulty is that in thick, absorbing media thermal emission is almost completely balanced by strong absorption. In a previous publication [SB03], the photon transport equation was written in terms of the deviation of the specific intensity from the local equilibrium field. We called the new form of the equations the difference formulation. The difference formulation is rigorously equivalent to the original transport equation. It is particularly advantageous in thick media, where the radiation field approaches local equilibrium and the deviations from the Planck distribution are small. The difference formulation for photon transport also clarifies the diffusion limit. In this paper, the transport equation is solved by the Symbolic Implicit Monte Carlo (SIMC) method and a comparison is made between the standard formulation and the difference formulation. The SIMC method is easily adapted to the derivative source terms of the difference formulation, and a remarkable reduction in noise is obtained when the difference formulation is applied to problems involving thick media
Isospin effects on the energy of vanishing flow in heavy-ion collisions
Using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model we study the
isospin effects on the disappearance of flow for the reactions of +
and + as a function of impact parameter. We found
good agreement between our calculations and experimentally measured energy of
vanishing flow at all colliding geometries. Our calculations reproduce the
experimental data within 5%(10%) at central (peripheral) geometries
Nuclear Flow in Consistent Boltzmann Algorithm Models
We investigate the stochastic Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) for
numerically solving the collision-term in heavy-ion transport theories of the
Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) type. The first major modification we
consider is changes in the collision rates due to excluded volume and
shadowing/screening effects (Enskog theory). The second effect studied by us is
the inclusion of an additional advection term. These modifications ensure a
non-vanishing second virial and change the equation of state for the scattering
process from that of an ideal gas to that of a hard-sphere gas. We analyse the
effect of these modifications on the calculated value of directed nuclear
collective flow in heavy ion collisions, and find that the flow slightly
increases.Comment: 12 pages, REVTeX, figures available in PostScript from the authors
upon reques
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Implementation of Energy-Dependent Q Values for Fission
We discuss how the fission Q values for {sup 235}U, {sup 238}U and {sup 239}Pu depend on the energy of the incident neutron. We then describe how these values have been implemented in mcfgen etc. This paper describes the calculation of energy-dependent fission Q values by Madland [1] and explains how it has been implemented in the ENDL database for use in the LLNL codes
Multifragmentation in Xe(50A MeV)+Sn Confrontation of theory and data
We compare in detail central collisions Xe(50A MeV) + Sn, recently measured
by the INDRA collaboration, with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model in
order to identify the reaction mechanism which leads to multifragmentation. We
find that QMD describes the data quite well, in the projectile/target region as
well as in the midrapidity zone where also statistical models can be and have
been employed. The agreement between QMD and data allows to use this dynamical
model to investigate the reaction in detail. We arrive at the following
observations: a) the in medium nucleon nucleon cross section is not
significantly different from the free cross section, b) even the most central
collisions have a binary character, c) most of the fragments are produced in
the central collisions and d) the simulations as well as the data show a strong
attractive in-plane flow resembling deep inelastic collisions e) at midrapidity
the results from QMD and those from statistical model calculations agree for
almost all observables with the exception of . This
renders it difficult to extract the reaction mechanism from midrapidity
fragments only. According to the simulations the reaction shows a very early
formation of fragments, even in central collisions, which pass through the
reaction zone without being destroyed. The final transverse momentum of the
fragments is very close to the initial one and due to the Fermi motion. A
heating up of the systems is not observed and hence a thermal origin of the
spectra cannot be confirmed.Comment: figures 1 and 2 changed (no more ps -errors
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Fission-Fusion Neutron Source Progress Report Sept 30, 2009
In this report the authors describe the progress made in FY09 in evaluating the feasibility of a new concept for using the DT fusion reaction to produce intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons. In this new scheme the heating of the DT is accomplished using fission fragments rather than ion beams as in conventional magnet confinement fusion schemes or lasers in inertial confinement schemes. As a source of fission fragments they propose using a dust reactor concept introduced some time ago by one of us (RC). An attractive feature of this approach is that there is no need for a large auxiliary power source to heat the DT plasma to the point where self-sustaining fusion become possible. Their scheme does require pulsed magnetic fields, but generating these fields requires only a modest power source. The dust reactor that they propose using for their neutron source would use micron-sized UC pellets suspended in a vacuum as the reactor fuel. Surrounding the fuel with a moderator such as heavy water (D{sub 2}O) would allow the reactor to operate as a thermal reactor and require only modest amounts of HEU. The scheme for using fission fragments to generate intense pulses of 14 MeV neutrons is based on the fission fragment rocket idea. In the fission fragment rocket scheme it was contemplated that the fission fragments produced in a low density reactor core could be guided out of the reactor by large magnetic fields used to form a 'rocket exhaust'. Their adaptation of this idea for the purposes of making a neutron source involves using the fission fragments escaping from one side of a tandem magnet mirror to heat DT gas confined in the adjacent magnetic trap
Implementation of Energy-Dependent Q Values for Fission,â UCRL-TR-234617
We discuss how the fission Q values for 235 U, 238 U and 239 Pu depend on the energy of the incident neutron. We then describe how these values have been implemented in mcfgen etc