Phase diagram and influence of defects in the double perovskites

The phase diagram of the double perovskites of the type Sr_{2-x} La_x Fe Mo O_6 is analyzed, with and without disorder due to antisites. In addition to an homogeneous half metallic ferrimagnetic phase in the absence of doping and disorder, we find antiferromagnetic phases at large dopings, and other ferrimagnetic phases with lower saturation magnetization, in the presence of disorder.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, some errata correcte

Healthy-lifestyle behaviors associated with overweight and obesity in US rural children

BackgroundThere are disproportionately higher rates of overweight and obesity in poor rural communities but studies exploring children’s health-related behaviors that may assist in designing effective interventions are limited. We examined the association between overweight and obesity prevalence of 401 ethnically/racially diverse, rural school-aged children and healthy-lifestyle behaviors: improving diet quality, obtaining adequate sleep, limiting screen-time viewing, and consulting a physician about a child’s weight.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample of school-aged children (6–11 years) in rural regions of California, Kentucky, Mississippi, and South Carolina participating in CHANGE (Creating Healthy, Active, and Nurturing Growing-up Environments) Program, created by Save the Children, an independent organization that works with communities to improve overall child health, with the objective to reduce unhealthy weight gain in these school-aged children (grades 1–6) in rural America. After measuring children’s height and weight, we17 assessed overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) associations with these behaviors: improving diet quality18 (≥ 2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day), reducing whole milk, sweetened beverage consumption/day; obtaining19 adequate night-time sleep on weekdays (≥ 10 hours/night); limiting screen-time (i.e., television, video, computer,20 videogame) viewing on weekdays (≤ 2 hours/day); and consulting a physician about weight. Analyses were adjusted 21 for state of residence, children\u27s race/ethnicity, gender, age, and government assistance.ResultsOverweight or obesity prevalence was 37 percent in Mississippi and nearly 60 percent in Kentucky. Adjusting for covariates, obese children were twice as likely to eat ≥ 2 servings of vegetables per day (OR=2.0,95% CI 1.1-3.4), less likely to consume whole milk (OR=0.4,95% CI 0.2-0.70), Their parents are more likely to be told by their doctor that their child was obese (OR=108.0,95% CI 21.9-541.6), and less likely to report talking to their child about fruits and vegetables a lot/sometimes vs. not very much/never (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.98) compared to the parents of healthy-weight children.ConclusionsRural children are not meeting recommendations to improve diet, reduce screen time and obtain adequate sleep. Although we expected obese children to be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors, we found the opposite to be true. It is possible that these groups of respondent parents were highly aware of their weight status and have been advised to change their children’s health behaviors. Perhaps given the opportunity to participate in an intervention study in combination with a physician recommendation could have resulted in actual behavior change

Osteogenic parameters surrounding trabecular tantalum metal implants in osteotomies prepared via osseodensification drilling

Surgical fixation of implants into bone for the correction of bone deformities or defects is a traditional approach for skeletal stabilization. Important measures of efficacy of implants include implant stability and osseointegration?the direct interaction between living bone and an implant. Osseointegration depends on successful implant placement and subsequent bone remodeling. This study utilized osseodensification drilling (OD) in a low bone density model using trabecular metal (TM) implants. Three osteotomy sites, Regular, OD-CW (clockwise), and OD-CCW (counterclockwise), were prepared in each ilium of three female sheep. Drilling was performed at 1100rpm with saline irrigation. Trabecular metal (TM) (Zimmer®, Parsippany, NJ, USA) implants measuring 3.7mm in diameter x 10mm length were placed into respective osteotomies. A three-week period post-surgery was given to allow for healing to take place after which all three sheep were euthanized and the ilia were collected. Samples were prepared, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using histology micrographs and image analysis software (ImageJ, NIH, Bethesda, MD). Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were quantified to evaluate the osseointegration parameters. All implants exhibit successful bone formation in the peri-implant environment as well as within the open spaces of the trabecular network. Osseointegration within the TM (quantified by %BIC) as a function of drilling technique was more pronounced in OD samples(p>0.05). The %BAFO however shows a significant difference (p=0.036) between the CCW and R samples. Greater bone volume and frequency of bone chips are observed in OD samples. The utilization of OD as a design for improved fixation of hardware was supported by increased levels of stability, both primary and secondary. Histological data with OD provided notably different results from those of the regular drilling method

Low demanding parental feeding style is associated with low consumption of whole grains among children of recent immigrants

We explored the influence of immigrant mothers feeding style on their children\u27s fruit, vegetable and whole grain intake and how this relationship differed by mother\u27s time in the U.S. Baseline data were collected on mother-child (3–12 yrs) dyads enrolled in Live Well (n = 313), a community-based, participatory, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention (2008–2013). Socio-demographics, years of residence in the U.S., behavioral data, and responses to the Caregiver\u27s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) were obtained from the mother. Measured heights and weights were obtained for both mother and child. Child dietary intake was assessed using the Block Food Screener. Separate multiple linear regression models were run, adjusting for child and mother covariates. Interactions between feeding styles and years in the U.S. (\u3c5 and ≥ 5 years), ethnicity, and child age were tested. Sixty-nine percent of mothers were overweight or obese, 46% of the children were overweight or obese. For mothers in the U.S. for \u3c 5 years, having a low demanding/high responsive style was associated with lower child intake of whole grains in adjusted models vs. a high demanding/high responsive style (p \u3c 0.05). This was not seen for mothers in the U.S. for ≥ 5 years. Thus, the influence of feeding style on dietary intake may change with length of time in the U.S. These hypotheses-generating findings call for future research to understand how broader socio-cultural factors influence the feeding dynamic among immigrants

Asymmetric Primitive-Model Electrolytes: Debye-Huckel Theory, Criticality and Energy Bounds

Debye-Huckel (DH) theory is extended to treat two-component size- and charge-asymmetric primitive models, focussing primarily on the 1:1 additive hard-sphere electrolyte with, say, negative ion diameters, a--, larger than the positive ion diameters, a++. The treatment highlights the crucial importance of the charge-unbalanced ``border zones'' around each ion into which other ions of only one species may penetrate. Extensions of the DH approach which describe the border zones in a physically reasonable way are exact at high $T$ and low density, $\rho$, and, furthermore, are also in substantial agreement with recent simulation predictions for \emph{trends} in the critical parameters, $T_c$ and $\rho_c$, with increasing size asymmetry. Conversely, the simplest linear asymmetric DH description, which fails to account for physically expected behavior in the border zones at low $T$, can violate a new lower bound on the energy (which applies generally to models asymmetric in both charge and size). Other recent theories, including those based on the mean spherical approximation, have predicted trends in the critical parameters quite opposite to those established by the simulations.Comment: to appear in Physical Review

Prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 antibodies among market and city bus depot workers in Lima, Peru

We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody positivity among market and city bus depot workers in Lima, Peru. Among 1285 vendors from 8 markets, prevalence ranged from 27% to 73%. Among 488 workers from 3 city bus depots, prevalence ranged from 11% to 47%. Self-reported symptoms were infrequent.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesRevisión por pare

Adiciones y aportaciones para el género Enoclerus gahan (Coleoptera: Cleridae) en bosques de clima templado en México

By means of the usage of Lindgren traps laced with frontaline and other baits, placed on 12 different temperate forest climate localities throughout Mexico, there were obtained six species ofthe genus Enoclerus (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), A general diagnosis and key for these species is presented. The members of this genus are very important natural predators of bark and ambrosia beetles. A genus-level integrated analysis is presented for each of the capturing sites. The analysis involved all captured insects. Prominent among the captured beetles were E. ablusus, E. arachnodes, E erro due to its abundance and the number of localities on which those were present, whereas E. aethiops, E. moestus and E. nigricans are sparsely represented, both in number and collected localities. New distributional records are reported for all the collected species.Por medio del uso de trampas multiembudo tipo Lindgren cebadas con frontalina y otros atrayentes, colocadas en 12 localidades de bosque de clima templado en México, se obtuvieron seis especies del género Enoclerus (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae). Se llevó a cabo la diagnosis general y la clave de identificación de las especies capturadas para lograr su reconocimiento y caracterización. Éstegénero tiene un papel de gran importancia como depredador natural de escarabajos descortezadores y barrenadores. Se presenta el número de individuos capturados en cada una de las localidades en las que se realizaron las colectas. Se muestran imágenes para la identificación visual de las especies involucradas. Destacan las especies E. arachnodes, E. erro y E. ablusus debido a la abundancia de individuos capturados, así como al número de localidades en las cuales estuvieron presentes, mientras que las especies E. aethiops, E. moestus y E. nigricans están escasamente representados, tanto en el número de especímenes colectados, como en las localidades de captura. Se proporcionan nuevos registros de distribución para todas las especies colectadas.