Nomenclature and semantic description of vascular lesions in small bowel capsule endoscopy: an international Delphi consensus statement

Background and study aims \u2002Nomenclature and descriptions of small bowel (SB) vascular lesions in capsule endoscopy (CE) are scarce in the medical literature. They are mostly based on the reader's opinion and thus differ between experts, with a potential negative impact on clinical care, teaching and research regarding SBCE. Our aim was to better define a nomenclature and to give a description of the most frequent vascular lesions in SBCE. Methods \u2002A panel of 18 European expert SBCE readers was formed during the UEGW 2016 meeting. Three experts constructed an Internet-based four-round Delphi consensus, but did not participate in the voting process. They built questionnaires that included various still frames of vascular lesions obtained with a third-generation SBCE system. The 15 remaining participants were asked to rate different proposals and description of the most common SB vascular lesions. A 6-point rating scale (varying from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree') was used successive rounds. The consensus was reached when at least 80\u200a% voting members scored the statement within the 'agree' or 'strongly agree'. Results \u2002Consensual terms and descriptions were reached for angiectasia/angiodysplasia, erythematous patch, red spot/dot, and phlebectasia. A consensual description was reached for more subtle vascular lesions tentatively named "diminutive angiectasia" but no consensus was reached for this term. Conclusion \u2002An international group has reached a consensus on the nomenclature and descriptions of the most frequent and relevant SB vascular lesions in CE. These terms and descriptions are useful in daily practice, for teaching and for medical research purposes

Cardiac Glycosides Ouabain and Digoxin Interfere with the Regulation of Glutamate Transporter GLAST in Astrocytes Cultured from Neonatal Rat Brain

Glutamate transport (GluT) in brain is mediated chiefly by two transporters GLT and GLAST, both driven by ionic gradients generated by (Na+, K+)-dependent ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase). GLAST is located in astrocytes and its function is regulated by translocations from cytoplasm to plasma membrane in the presence of GluT substrates. The phenomenon is blocked by a naturally occurring toxin rottlerin. We have recently suggested that rottlerin acts by inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase. We now report that Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors digoxin and ouabain also blocked the redistribution of GLAST in cultured astrocytes, however, neither of the compounds caused detectable inhibition of ATPase activity in cell-free astrocyte homogenates (rottlerin inhibited app. 80% of Pi production from ATP in the astrocyte homogenates, IC50 = 25 μM). Therefore, while we may not have established a direct link between GLAST regulation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity we have shown that both ouabain and digoxin can interfere with GluT transport and therefore should be considered potentially neurotoxic

Blood metabolomics uncovers inflammation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying ACLF (vol 72, pg 688, 2020)

Cellular mechanisms in basic and clinical gastroenterology and hepatolog

Modélisation de la demande de produits pétroliers en France

Ce travail a été mené sous la responsabilité de la direction Stratégie-Economie-Programme de l'Institut Français du Pétrole. L'objectif était la prévision à court terme (12 mois) de la demande concernant les quatre principaux produits pétroliers en France : gasoil (GO), carburants-auto (CA), fuel-oil domestique (FOD) et fuels oil lourds (FL). Il a été convenu de tester une méthode originale [1] et de la comparer avec la méthode largement utilisée de Box et Jenkins [2] qui donne de bons résultats sur les séries GO et CA et qui se révèle décevante pour les séries FOD et FIL. Cette étude comprend deux parties : - dans la première partie, nous exposons la méthode originale par décomposition en tendance et saisonnalité, le modèle étant additif ou multiplicatif. Nous avons amélioré ses performances en utilisant la théorie du filtre de Wiener; - la seconde partie est consacrée à la modélisation de Box et Jenkins. Nous utiliserons Box et Jenkins sur la série brute, puis sur la série corrigée de l'influence des jours ouvrés à l'aide du programme de désaisonnalisation Census-X11 . Pour chacune des méthodes, les principales étapes sont exposées à l'occasion de la modélisation du gasoil sur le marché intérieur français. Pour les autres produits, seuls les principaux résultats sont exposés : structure du modèle retenu, adéquation à la réalité, fiabilité des prévisions

[Chanson sur le champ de foire de Cholet, 13 mai 1868. Signé : F. Rousselot.]

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Innovative porous materials for enhanced glycomic analysis

International audienceHierarchical porosity sol-gel monoliths (HPMs) are of increasing interest for a wide variety of applications due to their outstanding microstructural (homogenous) and textural properties (high porosity and specific surface area) [1]. The high flow rate and low-pressure resultant compared to conventional materials, makes them suited for extraction and enrichment of analytes of interest in analytical techniques (HPLC, SPE, etc.) [2–4]. However, pure inorganic materials have rarely been considered for relevant applications in various omics fields such as metabolomics or proteomics [5].In the context, we report on: (i) a pure silica HPM based on a finely tuned bimodal porosity thoroughly controlled, (ii) coupled to a new way to a miniaturize shaping (iii) and its use as an innovative tool for sample preparation prior to glycan analysis by mass spectrometry, as a new source of disease biomarkers (glycomics analysis). The monolith synthesis will be presented with a special emphasize on its robustness and on the modulations of the bimodal porosity obtained ([0.1–5] μm and [1-25] nm). Beside microstructural and textural properties measurements (SEM, Hg porosimetry, etc.), the transport of small molecules through mesoporous network were evaluated by TEM tomography. Finally, the material was processed in different shapes and size (50 μm – 4 mm in diameter) demonstrating a high flexibility of our approach to produce devices dedicated to a biological analysis. The use of HPM for the analysis of both free and protein-bound oligosaccharides present in precious samples (human blood and milk) and their detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry will be presented as a proof of concept. Optimized experimental conditions, as well as material textures and shapes, enabled straightforward and time-efficient purification and MS- based glycomics analysis using minute quantities (few μl) of solvents but above all of complex human biofluids, thus outperforming common laboratory protocols