Mononuclear Cells From Human Lung Parenchyma Support Antigen‐Induced T Lymphocyte Proliferation

We have previously demonstrated that there is a subpopulation of loosely adherent pulmonary mononuclear cells that can be isolated from minced and enzyme‐digested lung tissue with a potent capacity to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocyte proliferation. We now demonstrate that these cells are also capable of stimulating an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR) and presenting antigen to autologous T lymphocytes. These loosely adherent mononuclear cells (LAM) were more effective than either alveolar macrophages or monocytes as antigen‐presenting cells. Depletion of phagocytic or Fc receptor‐positive cells from the LAM population enhanced the stimulation of an reaction AMLR while preserving antigen‐induced T lymphocyte proliferation. These results indicate that there are nonphagocytic, Fc receptor‐negative accessory cells in human lung parenchyma capable of activating resting T cells in an AMLR and supporting antigen‐specific T lymphocyte proliferation. The identity of these cells is uncertain, but the data strongly suggest that the cell is not a classical monocyte‐derived macrophage. These antigen‐presenting cells may be critical in the initiation of immune responses within the lung.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141257/1/jlb0336.pd

Separation of Potent and Poorly Functional Human Lung Accessory Cells Based on Autofluorescence

Human alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage are usually poor accessory cells in in vitro lymphoprollferation assays. However, we recently described a subpopulation of pulmonary mononuclear cells, obtained from minced and enzyme‐digested lung, which were potent stimulators of allogeneic T‐lymphocyte proliferation. These cells were enriched in loosely adherent mononuclear cell (LAM) fractions, but further study of these accessory cells was hampered by the heterogeneous nature of LAM. It was observed that in the majority of lung tissue sections, most alveolar macrophages were autofluorescent, whereas most interstitial HLA‐DR positive cells were not. Therefore autofluorescence was utilized to fractionate LAM in an attempt to remove alveolar macrophages and selectively purify interstitial accessory cells. LAM were separated by flow cytometry using forward and side scatter to exclude lymphocytes, and red autofluorescence to obtain brightly autofluorescent (A pos) and relatively nonautofluorescent (A neg) mononuclear cells. Although both populations contained over 80% HLA‐DR positive cells, A pos cells were poor accessory cells, whereas A neg cells were extremely potent stimulators of a mixed leukocyte reaction at all stimulator ratios tested. When A pos cells were added to A neg cells, T‐cell proliferation was markedly suppressed in the majority of experiments. Morphologically, A pos cells appeared similar to classical alveolar macrophages with 95% of the cells being large and intensely nonspecific esterase positive. In contrast, the majority of A neg were smaller, B‐cell antigen‐negative, nonspecific esterase negative, and had a distinctive morphology on Wright‐stained smears. We conclude that fractionation of LAM based on autofluorescence is a powerful tool to isolate and characterize lung mononuclear cells that act either as stimulators or as suppressors of immune responses in the lung.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141667/1/jlb0458.pd

Far ultraviolet response of silicon P-N JUNCTION photodiodes

Silicon P-N junction photodiode resistivity in vacuum ultraviole

A note on maximal estimates for stochastic convolutions

In stochastic partial differential equations it is important to have pathwise regularity properties of stochastic convolutions. In this note we present a new sufficient condition for the pathwise continuity of stochastic convolutions in Banach spaces.Comment: Minor correction

Health-related quality of life differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with head and neck cancer

Cancers of the head and neck are associated with detriments in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), however little is known about different experiences between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites

Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the EUCLID trial

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of developing lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and suffering PAD-related morbidity and mortality. However, the effect and burden of COPD on patients with PAD is less well defined. This post hoc analysis from EUCLID aimed to analyze the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) in patients with PAD and concomitant COPD compared with those without COPD, and to describe the adverse events specific to patients with COPD. Methods: EUCLID randomized 13,885 patients with symptomatic PAD to monotherapy with either ticagrelor or clopidogrel for the prevention of MACE. In this analysis, MACE, MALE, mortality, and adverse events were compared between groups with and without COPD using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of the 13,883 patients with COPD status available at baseline, 11% (n=1538) had COPD. Patients with COPD had a higher risk of MACE (6.02 vs 4.29 events/100 patient-years; p< 0.001) due to a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (3.55 vs 1.85 events/100 patient-years; p< 0.001) when compared with patients without COPD. These risks persisted after adjustment (MACE: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11– 1.52; p< 0.001; MI: aHR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18– 1.77; p< 0.001). However, patients with COPD did not have an increased risk of MALE or major bleeding. Patients with COPD were more frequently hospitalized for dyspnea and pneumonia (2.66 vs 0.9 events/100 patient-years; aHR 2.77, 95% CI 2.12– 3.63; p< 0.001) and more frequently discontinued study drug prematurely (19.36 vs 12.54 events/100 patient-years; p< 0.001; aHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22– 1.47; p< 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with comorbid PAD and COPD, the risks of MACE, respiratory-related adverse events, and premature study drug discontinuation were higher when compared with patients without COPD. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01732822

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes, Cigarette Smoking, and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased head and neck cancer (HNC) risk. Tobacco-related carcinogens are known to cause bulky DNA adducts. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes encode enzymes that remove adducts and may be independently associated with HNC, as well as modifiers of the association between smoking and HNC

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes, cancer treatment, and head and neck cancer survival

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are commonly treated with radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy, which produce bulky DNA adducts to eradicate cancerous cells. Because nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes remove adducts, variants in NER genes may be associated with survival among HNC cases both independently and jointly with treatment

Multipliers of Dirichlet series and monomial series expansions of holomorphic functions in infinitely many variables

[EN] Let H-infinity be the set of all ordinary Dirichlet series D = Sigma(n) a(n)(n-1) ann-s representing bounded holomorphic functions on the right half plane. A completely multiplicative sequence (b(n)) of complex numbers is said to be an l(1)-multiplier for H-infinity whenever Sigma(n vertical bar)a(n)b(n vertical bar) < infinity for every D is an element of H-infinity. We study the problem of describing such sequences (b(n)) in terms of the asymptotic decay of the subsequence (b(pj)), where p(j) denotes the j th prime number. Given a completely multiplicative sequence b = (b(n)) we prove (among other results): b is an l(1)-multiplier for H-infinity provided vertical bar b(pj)vertical bar < 1 for all j and (lim(n)) over bar 1/log(n) Sigma(n)(j=1) b(p j)*(2) < 1, and conversely, if b is an l(1)-multiplier for H-infinity, then vertical bar b(pj)vertical bar < 1 for all j and (lim(n)) over bar 1/log(n) Sigma(n)(j=1) b(p j)*(2) <= 1 (here b* stands for the decreasing rearrangement of b). Following an ingenious idea of Harald Bohr it turns out that this problem is intimately related with the question of characterizing those sequences z in the infinite dimensional polydisk D-infinity (the open unit ball of l(infinity)) for which every bounded and holomorphic function f on D-infinity has an absolutely convergent monomial series expansion Sigma(alpha) partial derivative alpha f (0)/alpha! z alpha. Moreover, we study analogous problems in Hardy spaces of Dirichlet series and Hardy spaces of functions on the infinite dimensional polytorus T-infinity.The second, fourth and fifth authors were supported by MINECO and FEDER Project MTM2014-57838-C2-2-P. The fourth author was also supported by PrometeoII/2013/013. The fifth author was also supported by project SP-UPV20120700.Bayart, F.; Defant, A.; Frerick, L.; Maestre, M.; Sevilla Peris, P. (2017). Multipliers of Dirichlet series and monomial series expansions of holomorphic functions in infinitely many variables. Mathematische Annalen. 368(1-2):837-876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-016-1511-1S8378763681-2Aleman, A., Olsen, J.-F., Saksman, E.: Fatou and brother Riesz theorems in the infinite-dimensional polydisc. arXiv:1512.01509Balasubramanian, R., Calado, B., Queffélec, H.: The Bohr inequality for ordinary Dirichlet series. 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