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Land-use dynamics associated with mangrove deforestation for aquaculture and the subsequent abandonment of ponds

Highlights SAR data is useful for tracking dynamic changes in mangrove ecosystem. Time series SAR data can be used to estimate lifespan of pond. During 22+ years, over half of the mangrove forest in Mahakam Delta has been converted to aquaculture. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of large area mangrove deforestation, aquaculture pond building, and the subsequent abandonment of ponds in a large delta in Indonesia, namely the Mahakam Delta. So, we developed and applied a novel methodology for exploring the lifespan of aquaculture ponds. Using historical multispectral and radar data, the lifespans of aquaculture ponds across the delta were estimated via a chronological analysis of the landscape into four different states: primary mangroves → deforested mangroves → ponds → abandoned/inactive ponds. Specifically, a combination of sequential classification and rule-based techniques were used to: 1) produce a time series of land cover maps from 1994 to 2015 and 2) quantify lifespans of aquaculture ponds in the delta. Results show that of the 110,000 ha of primary mangrove forests in the delta in 1994, 62% had been deforested by 2015, with a 4.5% annual rate of loss on average. The lifespan of aquaculture ponds in the delta varied between 1 and 22+ years, with most of the ponds having productive lifespans of 10 to 13 years. Ponds with relatively longer lifespans were located near the existing settlements in the delta. This study showed that the productive lifespan of most aquaculture ponds in deforested mangrove lands of Mahakam delta is relatively short, information that should be useful for developing appropriate management plans for the delta or similar coastal mangrove ecosystems. The abandoned ponds can potentially be rehabilitated for shrimp and fish production after applying appropriate restorative treatments or be targeted for mangrove restoration projects

Laparoscopic artificial insemination in dairy sheep with chilled semen stored for up to 26 h

Adult East Freisan crossbred (n = 220) and Chios ewes (n = 105) were divided into four groups and inseminated with chilled semen, which had been stored for 7, 13, 20 or 26 h at 5°C. Unilateral intrauterine insemination (50 x 106 spermatozoa in 0.25 ml) was performed with the aid of a laparoscope. Inseminations were carried out 48 – 52 h after pessary removal (30 mg FGA) without detecting estrus. The lambing rates after intrauterine insemination with chilled semen were found to be similar in East Fresian crossbred (40%) and Chios ewes (30%). Intrauterine insemination with chilled semen stored up to 26 h resulted in similar lambing rates; whereas, fertility of Chios ewes tended to decline with increased holding time of chilled semen. From this study, it is concluded that decreasing the storage time of chilled semen at 5°C improves pregnancy in Chios ewes and that East Fresian crossbred ewe’s conception rates to intrauterine insemination with chilled semen was relatively higher than Chios ewes.Key words: Dairy sheep, chilled semen, time of insemination, lambing rate

Implementation of matrix rhythm therapy and conventional massage in young females and comparison of their acute effects on circulation

Objectives: To examine and compare the effects of massage and matrix rhythm therapy in young women on the peripheral blood circulation. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: Pamukkale University in Denizli, Turkey. Patients: Fifteen healthy women age 19-23 years. Intervention: Matrix rhythm therapy was applied to the left lower extremity for a single 30-minute session. At least 1 week later, massage was applied to the left lower extremity for 30 minutes in a single session. The same physiotherapist applied both sessions. Outcome measures: The blood velocity (cm/s), artery diameter (mm), and blood flow (ml/min) of the popliteal and the posterior tibial arteries were measured with color Doppler ultrasonography. All images were evaluated by the same radiologist. Results: After matrix rhythm therapy and massage application, blood velocity, artery diameter, and blood flow in arteries increased. However, matrix rhythm therapy caused a more prominent increase in the amount of blood flow in the popliteal and in the posterior tibial artery than did massage. After matrix rhythm therapy application, the average increases in the blood flow rates in the popliteal and the posterior tibial arteries were 25.29%±16.55% and 34.33%±15.66%, respectively; after the massage, the increases were 17.84%±17.23% and 16.07%±10.28%, respectively. Conclusion: Matrix rhythm therapy and massage increased peripheral blood flow in young women. Matrix rhythm therapy method resulted in more prominent increases. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc