Pubblicare uno scavo all’epoca di YouTube: comunicazione archeologica, narratività e video

Methodological reflection on communication in archaeology greatly developed over the past fifteen years. It is now widely accepted that video-narrative medium has a larger potential compared with other media commonly used up to now. The archaeological video can be divided into some different categories - documentary, video update, docudrama - each of them potentially destined to a variety of audiences when the movie is inserted into a narrative framework. By its nature, the archaeological site of Vignale, where the relative poverty of the remains on the ground sharply contrasts with the richness of the 'stories' the site itself can narrate, is an ideal place to test the docudrama-model video. Initially intended to be just an instrument for communicating with and involving local population in the archaeological project as a whole, the video-narrative proved to be a powerful tool in stimulating the research group itself towards a more thoughtful and 'multivocal' recording of the fieldwork done. The output of the project was the making of a brief 'series' of videos, with the general title of 'The Excavation and its Stories. They were initially used as an educational support for younger students in archaeology, but later obtained a wider audience through the web

TUBERCOLOSI POLMONARE, EXTRAPOLMONARE E DISSEMINATA A CONFRONTO: ANALISI CLINICA ED EPIDEMIOLOGICO-MOLECOLARE NELL'AREA URBANA DI MILANO, 1996-2010.

Pulmonary, extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis compared: clinical and molecular-epidemiological analysis into the metropolitan area of Milan, 1996-2010. BACKGROUND: The increases in lymphonodal extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (LEPTB), other extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and disseminated TB (DTB) have been attributed to human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. The decline of AIDS cases due to the efficacy of HAART could have repercussions on the change of host-related risk factors for these forms of TB. Therefore, we carried out a study to compare epidemiological and microbiological characteristics between DTB, EPTB and PTB patients in Italy. A correlation between molecular profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and site of TB was assessed. METHODS: A cohort of PTB, LEPTB EPTB, DTB patients was compared. Enrollees were assessed for TB risk, medical records were reviewed, A 14-year retrospective analysis was carried out on tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed into metropolitan area of Milan. Characteristics of epidemiological, microbiological and clinical features were obtained from medical case records. The genotypic profile of the available clinical isolates was obtained by Spoligotyping method. The association with the correspondent lineages was based on SPOLDB4.0 database. Risk factors for being either a DTB, or an EPTB patient relative to a PTB patient were identified using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 1579 TB cases were analysed. PTB were clearly prevalent with 1219 episodes (77.2%), EPTB were 130 (8.2%), LEPTB amounted to 115 (7.3%) as well as those DTB (7.3%). Among EPTB the most frequent were genitourinary (42.3%), bone (23.1%) and CNS (14.6%). Age> 50 years was associated with EPTB (2.41 [1.45 to 4.02], p <0.001). According to gender, the female sex is associated with LEPTB (1.80 [1.20 to 2.70], p <0.005). The risk of developing LEPTB was more than four times for Africans (4.62 [2.52 to 8.46], p <0.0001), whereas patients coming from Eastern Europe had a higher risk of having PTB. The Asian subjects (3.39 [1.56 to 7.36], p <0.002), Africans 3.48 [1.83 to 6.64], p <0.0001 and South America patients (1.97 [1.06 to 3 , 66], p <0.031) had a significantly higher risk of developing DTB. For HIV infected patients the risk of having other than tuberculosis in lung was significantly higher: about doubled in LEPTB (2.18 [0.99 to 4.80], p <0.053) and more than six times to those DTB (6.63 [3.79 to 11.57], p <0.0001). For extrapulmonary localization in the CNS and gastrointestinal there was a significant association with HIV infection (7.88 [3.07 to 20.23], p <0.0001) which is not found in the genito-urinary and bone forms (0.74 [0.21 to 2.52], p <0.65). Pulmonary forms were significantly associated with an increased risk of multidrug-resistance than disseminated ones (0.21 [0.05 to 0.92], p <0.039). Of 1579 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, based on Spoligopattern, 1420 (89.9%) were uniquely associated with a STI known, distributed into 13 major lineage. The most represented family was T genotype with 518 isolates (36.4%), followed by families H, Latin And Mediterranean, U and Beijing respectively comprising 235 (16.5%), 209 (14.7%), 153 (10.8%) and 93 (6.5%) strains. These five lineage aggregated about 85% of the total isolates. Stratifying the lineages respect to the sites of disease specific differences emerged. Multivariate analysis confirmed EAI (3.78 [1.08 to 13.26], p <0.038), Beijing (3.94 [1.15 to 13.51], p <0.029) and CAS (4.64 [1.38 to 15.61], p <0.013) were significantly associated with LEPTB. CONCLUSION: Overall EPTB and DTB differed substantially from the more frequent PTB. Inside the heterogeneous group of EPTB, LEPTB showed peculiarities as follows: they were significantly prevalent among female, in younger, Africans and HIV patients. Three genotypes, EAI, CAS and Beijing, were preferentially associated with LEPTB

Effects of animacy on the processing of morphological Number: A cognitive inheritance?

Language encodes into morphology part of the information present in the referential world. Some features are marked in the great majority of languages, such as the numerosity of the referents that is encoded in morphological Number. Other features do not surface as frequently in morphological markings, yet they are pervasive in natural languages. This is the case of animacy, that can ground Gender systems as well as constrain the surfacing of Number. The diffusion of numerosity and animacy could mirror their biological salience at the extra-linguistic cognitive level. Human extralinguistic numerical abilities are phylogenetically ancient and are observed in non-human animal species, especially when counting salient animate entities such as social companions. Does the saliency of animacy influence the morphological encoding of Number in language processing? We designed an experiment to test the encoding of morphological Number in language processing in relation to animacy. In Italian, Gender and Number are mandatorily expressed in a fusional morpheme. In some nouns denoting animate referents, Gender encodes the sex of referents and is semantically interpretable. In some other animate nouns and in inanimate nouns, Gender is uninterpretable at the semantic level. We found that it is easier to inflect for Number nouns when the inflectional morpheme is interpretable with respect to a semantic feature related to animacy. We discuss the possibility that the primacy of animacy in counting is mirrored in morphological processing and that morphology is designed to easily express information that is salient from a cognitive point of view

Bibliometric analysis as mesaure [sic] of long-term performance in pancreatic cancer research.

Introduction: Research on pancreatic cancer consists in basic, translational and clinical research. Bibliometric indexes as IF and H-Index have been proposed as measures of quality and performance for medical research. Our goal was to analyze the IF and the 5-years H-Index of the publications about pancreatic cancer research

Trust within the Organizations of the New Economy: an Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Institutional Uncertainty

This study investigates the effects of different institutional frameworks on the levels of trust within hierarchies. Following the insight into the changing of labour contracts provided by New Economy theorists and International Labour Organization [ILO] reports, this study investigates the possible differences in the levels of trust between two paradigms: the Old Economy and the New Economy. We argue that singular institutional changes which better characterize the New Economy in the form of environmental uncertainty set considerable constrains on trust development. By approaching trust as a dependent variable in a cross-industrial comparison, a questionnaire survey was carried out in Brazil accessing the levels of trust within seven Brazilian private companies. From the literature review and empirical observation of the reality of these organizations, companies were identified and classified into different groups. The study concludes that relative high institutional uncertainty considerably limits the development of trust levels within those companies operating in the New Economy

Bilateral neglected posterior dislocation of the shoulder treated by reverse arthroplasty and contralateral osteochondral autograft. A case report

Bilateral posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is an uncommon event, that can be missed at the initial presentation. We report the case of a 76-year old woman, who suffered a traumatic bilateral posterior dislocation, that was diagnosed three months later. She underwent surgical treatment on both shoulders in a single stage. Since the right shoulder showed a defect of the articular surface >50%, a reverse shoulder arthroplasty was performed on this side. The resected portion of the humeral head was retrieved and used as osteochondral graft to fill the reverse Hill-Sachs lesion of the left shoulder. At 18-month follow up, the patient was pain-free and had recovered excellent shoulder function on both sides: Constant score was 79 for the right shoulder and 88 for the left one. X-rays showed a grade 1 scapular notch of the right reverse prosthesis and good incorporation of the graft in the left shoulder, with no evidence of degenerative joint changes. Neglected posterior dislocations of the shoulder can be surgically treated by replacement or reconstruction. In case of bilateral injuries, the surgeon should carefully evaluate the pathoanatomy of both glenohumeral joints in order to choose and plan the most suitable procedure. If shoulder replacement is required on one side, the resected portion of the humeral head can be used as osteochondral autograft for a reconstruction procedure in the opposite side. The choice is influenced by several variables and decision-making might be challenging