Experimental investigation of relationship between trauma and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis

Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) disease is rare, but there are serious side-effects of BP therapy in patients. In some patients, surgery is needed and could not be cured. Astandard test is not available showing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis in routine use. The measurement of serum C.terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels has been used in diseases of BRONJ resorption and antiresorptive therapy.Aim: This paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between  traumatic procedures and presence of BP-related osteonecrosis.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with weighing 200 } 20 g were used for the experimental procedures. Rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats as follows: Group 1 (traumatic extraction group), Group 2 (atraumatic extraction group), and Group 3 (control group). All groups, zoledronic acid (ZA) (0.3  mg/kg/week)[1] was diluted with physiological saline and given  subcutaneously for 2 months. After the 2 months, Group 1 was subjected totraumatic extraction of right first lower molars, and Group 2 was subjected to atraumatic extractions of the right first lower molars. Group 3 was subjected to no extractions as a control group. Animals were euthanized 32 days after tooth extractions, and the ZA administration protocol was maintained until the animalsf death. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for C-terminal cross.linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX.1) levels, clinical and radiological findings were recorded.Results: The bone resorption marker CTX-1 showed a significant difference among the groups. CTX-1 was measured significantly higher in blood samples of Group 2 (4.15 } 0.34; P = 0.001) than Group 1 (3.77 } 0.34; P = 0.0001). No, statistically significant changes were found between Groups 1 and 2 as for clinical and radiological assessment.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary observations for the  development of an animal model of BRONJ. Although clinical and  radiological findings were not relevant, serum CTX values are reliable biochemical markers for predicting BRONJ and also atraumatic surgical procedures are important to prevent BRONJ.Key words: Bisphosphonates, bone, osteonecrosis, prevention, serum C-terminal telopeptide leve

Bioactive compounds and quality parameters of natural cloudy lemon juices

In this study, bioactive compounds (phenolic and carotenoid) and some quality parameters (color, browning index and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) of natural cloudy lemon juice, pasteurized (90 °C/15 s) and storage stability of concentrated lemon juice (-25 °C/180 days) were carried out. Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined in the lemon juice and the most abounded phenolic compounds were hesperidin, eriocitrin, chlorogenic acid and neoeriocitrin. In generally, phenolic compound concentrations of lemon juice samples increased after the pasteurization treatment. Four carotenoid compounds (ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin) were detected in natural cloudy lemon juice. Lutein and ß-cryptoxanthin were the most abounded carotenoid compounds in the lemon juice. Color values of the lemon juices were not affected by processing and storage periods. HMF and browning index of the lemon juices increased with concentration and storage. According to the results, storing at -25 °C was considered as sufficient for acceptable quality limits of natural cloudy lemon juice. © 2016, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India)

The relationship between pneumonia and gastric colonization in surgical intensive-care unit patients

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of intensive-care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia and gastric colonization, and the factors affecting gastric colonization in surgical ICU patients. Design: Prospective, clinical study. Setting: Surgical ICU of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery. Patients: Sixty-seven adult surgical ICU patients who did not have pneumonia on admission and would have nasogastric (NG) tubing at least for 48 hours were evaluated between October 1996 and April 1998. Method: Patients who were approved not to have pneumonia by physical examination, chest x-ray, white blood cell count, and sputum culture on admission were included in the study. NG tube aspirate and sputum samples for microbiologic studies, chest x-ray, and white blood cell count were obtained every other day and additionaly if there were symptoms or signs of infection. Results: Seventeen of the 67 patients (25.37%) had pneumonia in the period of ICU stay. In total, 122 NG tube aspirate and 122 sputum samples were obtained simultaneously. Of these 122 NG tube aspirate and sputum cultures, 85 couples of samples (69.67%) had NG tube aspirate culture (-)/sputum culture (-), 20 couples of samples (16.40%) NG tube aspirate culture (+)/sputum culture (+) (the same bacteria was isolated). Pneumonia in 13 of the 17 patients who had gastric colonization were the result of the same bacteria as isolated from the patient's gastric fluid. Conclusion: Based on the findings, gastric colonization is a serious predisposing factor for pneumonia. When both the dual-positive and the dual-negative culture results are taken into account, a strong positive correlation of the nasogastric tube aspirate and sputum cultures can be seen. Therefore, it is recommended to obtain the upper gastrointestinal (GI) fluid from indwelling gastric or enteric tubes periodically for microbiologic studies to predict the possible bacteria that could lead to pneumonia and moreover to take preventive or treatment measures

Experimental bile-duct ligation resulted in accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in BALB/c mice liver

Background and Aim: Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are produced during oxidative stress by the process of lipid peroxidation, have also been proposed to have complex roles in many other immuno-inflammatory mechanisms. It has been shown that bile-duct ligation results in oxidative stress in the liver of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate if oxidized LDL are produced in the liver tissues of bile-duct-ligated mice. Methods: Obstructive jaundice was induced in BALB/c mice by the ligation and division of the common bile duct. Liver concentrations of glutathione and malondialdehyde were measured in the sham-operated (n = 10) and bile-duct-ligated (n = 10) mice on the 10th day of obstructive jaundice. The presence of oxidized LDL in the liver tissue sections was evaluated using a special, novel immunofluorescent staining method. The final step was to explore the existence of oxidized LDL under fluorescent microscopy. Results: Compared with sham-operated mice, jaundiced mice showed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and lower concentrations of reduced glutathione in the liver. While there was no staining in the sham-operated group, bile-duct ligation resulted in positive oxidized LDL staining in the liver tissues of mice. The present study testifies that bile-duct ligation results in oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation in the hepatic tissues of BALB/c mice and moreover, that oxidized LDL accumulate in the liver of mice with experimental obstructive jaundice. Conclusion: Oxidized LDL may be an important and direct indicator of ongoing oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation in obstructive jaundice. The potential roles of this finding were also discussed, briefly. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

Comparison of early postoperative enteral nutrients versus chow on colonic anastomotic healing in normal animals

We aimed to clarify the effects of different enteral nutrients (normal chow, complete balanced nutrition, elemental nutrition enriched with glutamine, immune-enhancing diet and fiber) on colonic anastomotic healing in the stress-free metabolic state. The study was carried out with 50 male Balb-C mice in five groups of 10 animals each. After transverse colon anastomosis, animals were fed with early enteral nutrients using normal chow (group 1), Ensure® (group 2), Alitraq® (group 3), Impact® (group 4), and Benefiber Resource® orange juice drink (group 5) for 7 days. There were no significant differences among the groups in bursting pressure (p > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in terms of hydroxyproline level among groups 1-3. The hydroxyproline levels of groups 4 and 5 were statistically higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Under normal conditions without stress, we could not demonstrate the superior effects of early enteral feeding with specialized enteral preparations over normal diets on colonic anastomoses when the bursting pressures were compared. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Does intraabdominal use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper cause increased intraperitoneal adhesions? [Ankaferd Blood Stopper'in karin içi kullanim periton içi yapişklk oluşumunu arttrr m?]

Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether intraabdominal Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) causes increased intraabdominal adhesion formation and to determine any side effects of ABS in vivo. Methods The present experimental study was designed to examine the effects of Ankaferd solution on peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat model of cecal abrasion. Intraperitoneal adhesions were assessed macroscopically and histopathologically on the 10th postoperative day. The possible adverse affects of ABS on liver and lung tissues were analyzed histopathologically, and blood chemistry was also evaluated. Results Our study revealed that ABS reduced intraperitoneal adhesion formation in an experimental rat model. The blood chemistry was not disturbed due to ABS administration. Intraperitoneal administration of ABS led to some minor changes in the lungs and serosal surfaces of the intestines, with minor architectural changes in the liver that were not considered as toxic. Further studies with various application doses and routes with more detailed cellular analysis are thus warranted to clarify the possible pleiotropic and adverse effects of this new agent away from hemostasis. Conclusion There was less intraperitoneal adhesion formation in the ABS group than in the control group and saline group. Intraperitoneal administration of ABS has no toxic effects on blood chemistry or the lungs, kidneys and the liver, but it has some minor adverse effects

Rufinamide Use in Refractory Epilepsies

The drug rufinamide was approved in November 2008 by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients older than 4 years. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is one of the most treatment-resistant epilepsies, and seizures require a diversity of polytherapy. In recent years, a remarkable number of reports have been published on the effectiveness of rufinamide in childhood epileptic encephalopathy and epileptic spasms, tonic seizures, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, and refractory partial seizures dependent on migration abnormalities. This article discusses the efficiency of rufinamide as used in the treatment of five refractor epileptic cases at the Epilepsy Clinic established in Antalya Education and Research Hospital in August 2011