219 research outputs found
An Adaptive Locally Connected Neuron Model: Focusing Neuron
This paper presents a new artificial neuron model capable of learning its
receptive field in the topological domain of inputs. The model provides
adaptive and differentiable local connectivity (plasticity) applicable to any
domain. It requires no other tool than the backpropagation algorithm to learn
its parameters which control the receptive field locations and apertures. This
research explores whether this ability makes the neuron focus on informative
inputs and yields any advantage over fully connected neurons. The experiments
include tests of focusing neuron networks of one or two hidden layers on
synthetic and well-known image recognition data sets. The results demonstrated
that the focusing neurons can move their receptive fields towards more
informative inputs. In the simple two-hidden layer networks, the focusing
layers outperformed the dense layers in the classification of the 2D spatial
data sets. Moreover, the focusing networks performed better than the dense
networks even when 70 of the weights were pruned. The tests on
convolutional networks revealed that using focusing layers instead of dense
layers for the classification of convolutional features may work better in some
data sets.Comment: 45 pages, a national patent filed, submitted to Turkish Patent
Office, No: -2017/17601, Date: 09.11.201
Implicit Theories and Self-efficacy in an Introductory Programming Course
Contribution: This study examined student effort and performance in an
introductory programming course with respect to student-held implicit theories
and self-efficacy. Background: Implicit theories and self-efficacy shed a light
into understanding academic success, which must be considered when developing
effective learning strategies for programming. Research Questions: Are implicit
theories of intelligence and programming, and programming-efficacy related to
each other and student success in programming? Is it possible to predict
student course performance using a subset of these constructs? Methodology: Two
consecutive surveys (N=100 and N=81) were administered to non-CS engineering
students in I\c{s}{\i}k University. Findings: Implicit theories and
self-beliefs are interrelated and correlated with effort, performance, and
previous failures in the course and students explain failure in programming
course with "programming-aptitude is fixed" theory, and also that programming
is a difficult task for themselves.Comment: Programming Education. 8 page
A Survey on Automated Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography
Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography
angiography (OCTA) are promising tools for the (early) diagnosis of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). These non-invasive imaging techniques are cost-effective and more
accessible than alternative neuroimaging tools. However, interpreting and
classifying multi-slice scans produced by OCT devices is time-consuming and
challenging even for trained practitioners.
There are surveys on machine learning and deep learning approaches concerning
the automated analysis of OCT scans for various diseases such as glaucoma.
However, the current literature lacks an extensive survey on the diagnosis of
Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment using OCT or OCTA. This has
motivated us to do a comprehensive survey aimed at machine/deep learning
scientists or practitioners who require an introduction to the problem. The
paper contains 1) an introduction to the medical background of Alzheimer's
Disease and Cognitive Impairment and their diagnosis using OCT and OCTA imaging
modalities, 2) a review of various technical proposals for the problem and the
sub-problems from an automated analysis perspective, 3) a systematic review of
the recent deep learning studies and available OCT/OCTA datasets directly aimed
at the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Impairment. For the
latter, we used Publish or Perish Software to search for the relevant studies
from various sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. We followed
the PRISMA approach to screen an initial pool of 3073 references and determined
ten relevant studies (N=10, out of 3073) that directly targeted AD diagnosis.
We identified the lack of open OCT/OCTA datasets (about Alzheimer's disease) as
the main issue that is impeding the progress in the field.Comment: Submitted to Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. Concept,
methodology, invest, data curation, and writing org.draft by Yasemin Turkan.
Concept, method, writing review editing, and supervision by F. Boray Te
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True-false lumen segmentation of aortic dissection using multi-scale wavelet analysis and generative-discriminative model matching
Computer aided diagnosis in the medical image domain requires sophisticated probabilistic models to formulate quantitative behavior in image space. In the diagnostic process detailed knowledge of model performance with respect to accuracy, variability, and uncertainty is crucial. This challenge has lead to the fusion of two successful learning schools namely generative and discriminative learning. In this paper, we propose a generative-discriminative learning approach to predict object boundaries in medical image datasets. In our approach, we perform probabilistic model matching of both modeling domains to fuse into the prediction step appearance and structural information of the object of interest while exploiting the strength of both learning paradigms. In particular, we apply our method to the task of true-false lumen segmentation of aortic dissections an acute disease that requires automated quantification for assisted medical diagnosis. We report empirical results for true-false lumen discrimination of aortic dissection segmentation showing superior behavior of the hybrid generative-discriminative approach over their non hybrid generative counterpart
Adaptive Convolution Kernel for Artificial Neural Networks
Many deep neural networks are built by using stacked convolutional layers of
fixed and single size (often 33) kernels. This paper describes a method
for training the size of convolutional kernels to provide varying size kernels
in a single layer. The method utilizes a differentiable, and therefore
backpropagation-trainable Gaussian envelope which can grow or shrink in a base
grid. Our experiments compared the proposed adaptive layers to ordinary
convolution layers in a simple two-layer network, a deeper residual network,
and a U-Net architecture. The results in the popular image classification
datasets such as MNIST, MNIST-CLUTTERED, CIFAR-10, Fashion, and ``Faces in the
Wild'' showed that the adaptive kernels can provide statistically significant
improvements on ordinary convolution kernels. A segmentation experiment in the
Oxford-Pets dataset demonstrated that replacing a single ordinary convolution
layer in a U-shaped network with a single 77 adaptive layer can improve
its learning performance and ability to generalize.Comment: 25 page
Examining the relationship between employees’ perceptions on competency training and affective commitment: The moderating influence of volition
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions on competency training and affective commitment and the moderating effect of employees’ volition on this relationship. Data were collected from a field survey of 159 technicians from selected institutes in Sarawak. Regression analysis indicated that there was a positive relationship between employee’s perceived training comprehensiveness and affective commitment. In addition, the results indicated that the relationship between employee’s perceptions on competency training and affective commitment will be more positive for those who take on the competency training by own volition. Implications for researchers and practitioners are proposed based on the findings
Computerised diagnosis of malaria
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Effects of the topical hemostatic agent Ankaferd Blood Stopper on the incidence of alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar
Background: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a commonly seen post‑operative complication during the wound‑healing period after permanent tooth extraction or surgical removal of impacted third molar teeth.Objectives: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of administration of the topical hemostatic agent Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) into the socket on AO formation after impacted mandibular third molar extraction.Patients and Methods: Bilaterally, 100 half‑impacted mandibular third molars were extracted in 50 patients. Then, 1.0 mL ABS was administered to achieve hemostasis in one half of the sockets and as a control, the other half was irrigated with 1.0 mL physiological serum after surgery.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of AO formation (P > 0.05) between the extraction sites. However, the postoperative pain in ABS administration sites was higher than in the other sites for the first 2 days after surgery (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The results showed that ABS administration did not increase the incidence of AO formation. Thus, ABS can be used safely for hemostasis after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.Key words: Alveolar osteitis, Ankaferd Blood Stopper, hemostasis, third mola
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