Produção de diferentes variedades de mandioca em sistema agroecológico.

Neste trabalho, conduzido na comunidade de Morro Alto, município de Acauã, PI, localizada na Serra da Parreira, situada a 620 m de altitude, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e a produção da mandioca em cultivo consorciado com guandu, sorgo, caupi, algodão e girassol, em sistema agroecológico de produção. A altura, retenção foliar e sobrevivência das plantas de mandioca, não apresentaram diferenças significativas, considerando-se os tipos de consórcio. Observou-se diferença apenas entre variedades na sobrevivência das plantas, sendo que a variedade Do Céu (BGM 537) apresentou a maior porcentagem de sobrevivência. As espécies consorciadas mantiveram diferentes teores de umidade do solo destacando-se o guandu como a cultura onde se encontrou maior teor de umidade do solo. Por outro lado, a produção por hectare variou de 13 a 26 t, dependendo da variedade utilizada. Esta produtividade, considerada acima da média da região (12 t ha-1 ), mostra que o cultivo consorciado, principalmente com leguminosas como o feijão caupi e guandu, pode melhorar não só o rendimento da cultura mas também as características do solo, em áreas dependentes de chuv

Crescimento de mandioca no primeiro ano em sistema de produção agroecológica no semi-árido nordestino.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da mandioca e das culturas consorciadas no primeiro ano em sistema agroecológico de produção. O trabalho foi instalado no alto do sertão do Piauí, na comunidade de Morro Alto, na Serra da Parreira, a 620 m de altitude, divisa com o estado de Pernambuco, em dezembro de 2004. Foram utilizadas quatro cultivares de mandioca, Engana Ladrão (BGM 1269), Brasília (TSA 128), Do Céu (BGM 537) e Macaxeira Preta (variedade local), consorciadas com feijão de corda, sorgo granífero, feijão guandu, girassol e algodão, distribuidos em blocos casualizados. A altura, retenção foliar e sobrevivência das plantas de mandioca não apresentaram diferenças significativas considerando os tipos de consórcio. Observou-se diferença apenas entre variedades na sobrevivência das plantas, sendo que a variedade Do céu (BGM 537) mostrou-se com o maior percentual de sobrevivência. As espécies consorciadas mantiveram diferentes teores de umidade do solo, destacando-se o guandu como a cultura que manteve maior teor de umidade do solo

Identifying and explaining the farming system composition of agricultural landscapes: The role of socioeconomic drivers under strong biophysical gradients

In mountain landscapes, agricultural abandonment is taking place in the most vulnerable areas, while intensification increases in the most productive lands. These contrasting processes, which have different impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES), are related to changes in the farming system component of these landscapes. Farming systems are identified based on farmer’s decisions on, for example, type of crop and level of fertilizers, which represent the descriptors of farming systems and can be grouped into several dimensions (e.g. land use and intensity). Since obtaining this data at farm-level is often difficult, an alternative is to study the spatial combinations of farming systems at parish-level, i.e., Farming System Mixes (FSM), relying on agricultural census data. Other biophysical (e.g. climate, soil) and socioeconomic (e.g. labour, farmer’s age) variables, independent of farmers' decisions, represent the exogenous drivers of these decisions. The separation between descriptors and drivers is important to improve knowledge about what drives farmers' decisions regarding farming system choice, as these choices are often the focus of policies aiming the support of BES. In this study, we explored the underlying drivers of FSM and assessed the role of socioeconomic drivers, main target for policy makers, in a context of strong biophysical gradients. Biophysical drivers emerge as those that primarily discriminate between the FSM located in different topographic positions (valleys, mountains and plateau). In the situations where there is a greater range of productive choices available for farmers, such as in valleys, socioeconomic drivers assume a preponderant role on farming system choiceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset