3,099 research outputs found

    Non-mean-field effects in systems with long-range forces in competition

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    We investigate the canonical equilibrium of systems with long-range forces in competition. These forces create a modulation in the interaction potential and modulated phases appear at the system scale. The structure of these phases differentiate this system from monotonic potentials, where only the mean-field and disordered phases exist. With increasing temperature, the system switches from one ordered phase to another through a first-order phase transition. Both mean-field and modulated phases may be stable, even at zero temperature, and the long-range nature of the interaction will lead to metastability characterized by extremely long time scales

    Le fleuve dans la ville nord-méditerranéenne : de la friche urbaine à l'infrastructure paysagÚre

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    Les paysages fluviaux sont devenus l\u27un des Ă©lĂ©ments phares du marketing urbain. Certaines villes nord mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes, qui se sont historiquement distanciĂ©es de leur cours d\u27eau, s\u27appuient dĂ©sormais sur celui-ci pour Ă©laborer leurs stratĂ©gies de dĂ©veloppement. À Montpellier et Perpignan, la continuitĂ© du fleuve est un argument majeur des politiques publiques actuelles : il fait figure de matĂ©rialitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale et de repĂšre gĂ©ographique pour la construction de la ville. Cependant, les choix motivĂ©s par ces nouvelles valeurs de l\u27amĂ©nagement reposent sur une image de continuitĂ©, et contredisent parfois les impĂ©ratifs des spĂ©cificitĂ©s physiques et hydraulogiques de ces riviĂšres

    Southern France riverbank projects in Montpellier and Perpignan: from designed space to interpreted space

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    This examination of recent landscape architecture interventions along two rivers in southern France—the River Lez in Montpellier and the River TĂȘt in Perpignan—questions the popular notion of ‘intervening in space’. Observing the features of the interventions and their consequences, the author investigates whether a change of paradigm occurs with regard to the approach employed. The results of this analysis demonstrate an evolution in the role of the landscape professional, who now seeks to translate or interpret a space rather than to act upon it materially. Pertinent tasks comprise not only installation in the sense of designing or bringing order to space, but also producing communications about the site. The landscape architect aims, at at a local scale, to persuade the community to accept the existing space (notably using a discourse on the values of natural and cultural heritage); and at a territorial scale, to use the riverbanks, and more generally the idea of the river, to restructure or give coherence to the city. Finally, this river intervention approach produces either conceptual pieces (such as reports, maps, films, animation) or minimal changes for ambitious infrastructural projects

    Les paysages fluviaux urbains en nord Méditerranée

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    Construire l’espace public : du diagnostic au projet

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    Cet exposĂ© vise Ă  relater, dans ses grandes lignes, les coulisses du travail de celui qui va concevoir un projet sur l\u27espace public. MĂȘme sans ĂȘtre concepteur, il est important pour un maĂźtre d\u27ouvrage de bien connaĂźtre cette dĂ©marche de conception, non seulement pour pouvoir Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© du projet, mais aussi pour pouvoir ĂȘtre cohĂ©rent dans les choix successifs qui s\u27imposent Ă  une commune (cohĂ©rent s’entend ici comme : reprendre la mĂȘme logique, la mĂȘme dĂ©marche d’un projet Ă  l’autre, ou savoir les articuler).   La structure de cette communication suit la logique d’un diagnostic multiscalaire qui conduit Ă  formuler un projet : ‱    RĂ©aliser un diagnostic Ă  l’échelle de l’espace Ă  transformer, pour comprendre ce qui fait sa spĂ©cificité : analyser les caractĂ©ristiques matĂ©rielles d’un espace public pour en connaĂźtre la singularité (l’analyse in situ) ‱    RĂ©aliser un diagnostic Ă  une Ă©chelle plus globale pour Ă©valuer les enjeux de l\u27amĂ©nagement : mettre en Ă©vidence les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux  qui sous-tendent l’amĂ©nagement (l’analyse contextuelle)  ‱  DĂ©finir un projet pour l’espace public : le schĂ©ma d\u27intention : faire le choix d’un type de rapport Ă  l’espace au travers d’un schĂ©ma d’intention    L’objectif des trois temps de cette dĂ©marche est de produire un espace public adaptĂ© Ă  son environnement : un espace spĂ©cifique, non uniformisĂ©, non banalisĂ©, et non aveugle aux problĂ©matiques qu’il soulĂšve

    Le développement durable à l'oeuvre : Corridors verts et parcs sur les rives de la Thur, Cernay et Wesserling - Compte-rendu des 4Úmes Assises Européennes du Paysage de Strasbourg

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    Aux questions sur le développement durable posées au conseil de l\u27Europe lors des deux premiÚres journées des Assises Européennes du Paysage, les ateliers mobiles du troisiÚme jour ont apporté des illustrations concrÚtes. Voici ici retracées les grandes lignes de l\u27atelier mobile n°5, qui présentait deux démarches de projet de parcs le long des rives de la Thur, à Cernay et Wesserling, dans le département du Haut Rhin

    A constitutive model for simple shear of dense frictional suspensions

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    Discrete particle simulations are used to study the shear rheology of dense, stabilized, frictional particulate suspensions in a viscous liquid, toward development of a constitutive model for steady shear flows at arbitrary stress. These suspensions undergo increasingly strong continuous shear thickening (CST) as solid volume fraction ϕ\phi increases above a critical volume fraction, and discontinuous shear thickening (DST) is observed for a range of ϕ\phi. When studied at controlled stress, the DST behavior is associated with non-monotonic flow curves of the steady-state stress as a function of shear rate. Recent studies have related shear thickening to a transition between mostly lubricated to predominantly frictional contacts with the increase in stress. In this study, the behavior is simulated over a wide range of the dimensionless parameters (ϕ,σ~(\phi,\tilde{\sigma}, and ÎŒ)\mu), with σ~=σ/σ0\tilde{\sigma} = \sigma/\sigma_0 the dimensionless shear stress and ÎŒ\mu the coefficient of interparticle friction: the dimensional stress is σ\sigma, and σ0∝F0/a2\sigma_0 \propto F_0/ a^2, where F0F_0 is the magnitude of repulsive force at contact and aa is the particle radius. The data have been used to populate the model of the lubricated-to-frictional rheology of Wyart and Cates [Phys. Rev. Lett.{\bf 112}, 098302 (2014)], which is based on the concept of two viscosity divergences or \textquotedblleft jamming\textquotedblright\ points at volume fraction ϕJ0=ϕrcp\phi_{\rm J}^0 = \phi_{\rm rcp} (random close packing) for the low-stress lubricated state, and at ϕJ(ÎŒ)<ϕJ0\phi_{\rm J} (\mu) < \phi_{\rm J}^0 for any nonzero ÎŒ\mu in the frictional state; a generalization provides the normal stress response as well as the shear stress. A flow state map of this material is developed based on the simulation results.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

    Differential interferometry of QSO broad line regions I: improving the reverberation mapping model fits and black hole mass estimates

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    Reverberation mapping estimates the size and kinematics of broad line regions (BLR) in Quasars and type I AGNs. It yields size-luminosity relation, to make QSOs standard cosmological candles, and mass-luminosity relation to study the evolution of black holes and galaxies. The accuracy of these relations is limited by the unknown geometry of the BLR clouds distribution and velocities. We analyze the independent BLR structure constraints given by super-resolving differential interferometry. We developed a three-dimensional BLR model to compute all differential interferometry and reverberation mapping signals. We extrapolate realistic noises from our successful observations of the QSO 3C273 with AMBER on the VLTI. These signals and noises quantify the differential interferometry capacity to discriminate and measure BLR parameters including angular size, thickness, spatial distribution of clouds, local-to-global and radial-to-rotation velocity ratios, and finally central black hole mass and BLR distance. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo model-fit, of data simulated for various VLTI instruments, gives mass accuracies between 0.06 and 0.13 dex, to be compared to 0.44 dex for reverberation mapping mass-luminosity fits. We evaluate the number of QSOs accessible to measures with current (AMBER), upcoming (GRAVITY) and possible (OASIS with new generation fringe trackers) VLTI instruments. With available technology, the VLTI could resolve more than 60 BLRs, with a luminosity range larger than four decades, sufficient for a good calibration of RM mass-luminosity laws, from an analysis of the variation of BLR parameters with luminosity.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRAS on December 5, 201
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