6,805 research outputs found
Diferenciação de embriĂ”es somĂĄticos em dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis) a partir da tĂ©cnica thin cell layer (tcl): influĂȘncia da espessura de corte tecidual.
Surto de toxoplasmose associado a lesĂ”es musculares em suĂnos de terminação causado por um genĂłtipo atĂpico de T. gondii
Toxoplasma gondii infections are usually asymptomatic in pigs, and an acute clinical disease is rare in this host. This study aimed to determine the pathological and molecular aspects of an outbreak of fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in finishing pigs in Brazil. The outbreak occurred on a commercial finishing pig farm in the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. The farm had 1500 pigs and 3.8% of mortality rate during the outbreak. The pigs had fever, anorexia, apathy, and locomotor deficits. Seven pigs were necropsied. Gross findings included multifocal to coalescent pale areas in skeletal muscles, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and non-colapsed lungs. The histological findings included granulomatous lymphadenitis, hepatitis and splenitis, necrotizing myositis, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia. Lung and liver lesions were occasionally accompanied by T. gondii parasitic structures. Positive immunolabeling for T. gondii tachyzoites and encysted bradyzoites was detected in all examined pigs. PCR-RFLP (11 markers) and microsatellite analysis (15 markers) identified the non-archetypal genotype #278 in pigs. This is the first report of systemic toxoplasmosis in pigs with muscle lesions and additionally shows the diversity of disease-causing T. gondii genotypes circulating in animals in Brazil.As infecçÔes por Toxoplasma gondii sĂŁo geralmente assintomĂĄticas em suĂnos, e uma doença clĂnica aguda Ă© rara nessa espĂ©cie. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os aspectos patolĂłgicos e moleculares de um surto de toxoplasmose sistĂȘmica fatal em suĂnos em terminação no Brasil. O surto ocorreu em uma granja comercial de suĂnos em terminação no estado de Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil. A granja tinha 1500 suĂnos e a taxa de mortalidade durante o surto foi de 3,8%. Os suĂnos apresentaram febre, anorexia, apatia e dĂ©ficits locomotores. Sete suĂnos foram necropsiados. Os achados macroscĂłpicos incluĂram ĂĄreas pĂĄlidas multifocais a coalescentes nos mĂșsculos esquelĂ©ticos, linfadenomegalia, hepatoesplenomegalia e pulmĂ”es nĂŁo colapsados. Os achados histolĂłgicos incluĂram linfadenite, hepatite, esplenite granulomatosa e miosite necrosante, assim como pneumonia intersticial linfoplasmocĂtica. LesĂ”es pulmonares e hepĂĄticas foram ocasionalmente acompanhadas por estruturas parasitĂĄrias de T. gondii. A imunomarcação positiva para taquizoĂtos e bradizoĂtos encistados de T. gondii foi observada em todos os suĂnos examinados. PCR-RFLP (11 marcadores) e anĂĄlise de microssatĂ©lites (15 marcadores) identificaram o genĂłtipo nĂŁo arquetĂpico #278 em suĂnos. Este Ă© o primeiro relato de toxoplasmose sistĂȘmica em suĂnos com lesĂ”es musculares e, adicionalmente, demonstra a diversidade de genĂłtipos de T. gondii causadores de doenças circulantes em animais no Brasil
Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids from croton Sphaerogynus baill. (euphorbiaceae)
Croton sphaerogynus is a shrub from the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern Brazil. A lyophilized crude EtOH extract from leaves of C. sphaerogynus, obtained by maceration at room temperature (seven days), was suspended in methanol and partitioned with hexane. The purified MeOH phase was fractionated over Sephadex LH-20 yielding five fractions (F1-F5) containing flavonoids, as characterized by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analyses. The antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract, MeOH and hexane phases, and fractions F1-F5 was evaluated on in vitro cell lines NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and U251 (glioma). The MeOH phase showed activity (mean log GI(50) 0.54) higher than the hexane phase and EtOH extract (mean log GI(50) 1.13 and 1.19, resp.). F1 exhibited activity against NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung) (GI(50) 1.2 mu g/mL), which could be accounted for the presence of flavonoids and/or diterpenes. F4 showed moderate activity (mean log GI(50) 1.05), while F5 showed weak activity (mean log GI(50) 1.36). It is suggested that the antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract and MeOH phase is accounted for a synergistic combination of flavonoids and diterpenes2015COORDENAĂĂO DE APERFEIĂOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NĂVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAĂĂO DE AMPARO Ă PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SĂO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2012/10079-
Antiproliferative Activity Of Flavonoids From Croton Sphaerogynus Baill. (euphorbiaceae).
Croton sphaerogynus is a shrub from the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern Brazil. A lyophilized crude EtOH extract from leaves of C. sphaerogynus, obtained by maceration at room temperature (seven days), was suspended in methanol and partitioned with hexane. The purified MeOH phase was fractionated over Sephadex LH-20 yielding five fractions (F1-F5) containing flavonoids, as characterized by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analyses. The antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract, MeOH and hexane phases, and fractions F1-F5 was evaluated on in vitro cell lines NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and U251 (glioma). The MeOH phase showed activity (mean logâGI50 0.54) higher than the hexane phase and EtOH extract (mean logâGI50 1.13 and 1.19, resp.). F1 exhibited activity against NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung) (GI50 1.2âÎŒg/mL), which could be accounted for the presence of flavonoids and/or diterpenes. F4 showed moderate activity (mean logâGI50 1.05), while F5 showed weak activity (mean logâGI50 1.36). It is suggested that the antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract and MeOH phase is accounted for a synergistic combination of flavonoids and diterpenes.201521280
Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial haplogroup L3e: a snapshot of African prehistory and Atlantic slave trade
The mtDNA haplogroup L3e, which is identified by the restriction site Â2349 MboI within the
Afro-Eurasian superhaplogroup L3 (Âź3592 HpaI), is omnipresent in Africa but virtually absent in
Eurasia (except for neighbouring areas with limited genetic exchange). L3e was hitherto poorly
characterised in terms of HVS-I motifs, as the ancestral HVS-I type of L3e cannot be distinguished
from the putative HVS-I ancestor of the entire L3 (differing from the CRS by a transition at np
16223). An MboI screening at np 2349 of a large number of Brazilian and Caribbean mtDNAs
(encompassing numerous mtDNAs of African ancestry), now reveals that L3e is subdivided into four
principal clades, each characterised by a single mutation in HVS-I, with additional support coming
from HVS-II and partial RFLP analysis. The apparently oldest of these clades (transition at np
16327) occurs mainly in central Africa and was probably carried to southern Africa with the Bantu
expansion(s). The most frequent clade (transition at np 16320) testifies to a pronounced expansion
event in the mid-Holocene and seems to be prominent in many Bantu groups from all of Africa. In
contrast, one clade (transition at np 16264) is essentially restricted to Atlantic western Africa
(including Cabo Verde). We propose a tentative L3e phylogeny that is based on 197 HVS-I
sequences. We conclude that haplogroup L3e originated in central or eastern Africa about 46,000
(Âł14,000) years ago, and was a hitchhiker of much later dispersal and local expansion events, with
the rise of food production and iron smelting. Enforced migration of African slaves to the Americas
translocated L3e mitochondria, the descendants of which in Brazil and the Caribbean still reflect
their different regional African ancestries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Apolipoprotein E and undercaboxylated osteocalcin are associated with bone fragility but not with bone mineral density in osteoarthritis patients
A Worldwide Phylogeography for the Human X Chromosome
BACKGROUND: We reasoned that by identifying genetic markers on human X chromosome regions where recombination is rare or absent, we should be able to construct X chromosome genealogies analogous to those based on Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, with the advantage of providing information about both male and female components of the population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identified a 47 Kb interval containing an Alu insertion polymorphism (DXS225) and four microsatellites in complete linkage disequilibrium in a low recombination rate region of the long arm of the human X chromosome. This haplotype block was studied in 667 males from the HGDP-CEPH Human Genome Diversity Panel. The haplotypic diversity was highest in Africa (0.992+/-0.0025) and lowest in the Americas (0.839+/-0.0378), where no insertion alleles of DXS225 were observed. Africa shared few haplotypes with other geographical areas, while those exhibited significant sharing among themselves. Median joining networks revealed that the African haplotypes were numerous, occupied the periphery of the graph and had low frequency, whereas those from the other continents were few, central and had high frequency. Altogether, our data support a single origin of modern man in Africa and migration to occupy the other continents by serial founder effects. Coalescent analysis permitted estimation of the time of the most recent common ancestor as 182,000 years (56,700-479,000) and the estimated time of the DXS225 Alu insertion of 94,400 years (24,300-310,000). These dates are fully compatible with the current widely accepted scenario of the origin of modern mankind in Africa within the last 195,000 years and migration out-of-Africa circa 55,000-65,000 years ago. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A haplotypic block combining an Alu insertion polymorphism and four microsatellite markers on the human X chromosome is a useful marker to evaluate genetic diversity of human populations and provides a highly informative tool for evolutionary studies
Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in 510 free-range (FR) chickens (380 from 33 small farms, and 130 from a slaughter house for FR chickens) from Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil, was investigated. Antibodies to T. gondii were sought using commercial indirect haemagglutination (IHAT, Imuno-HAI Toxo (R), Wama Diagnostica, Sao Paulo, Brazil, cut-off 1:16) and the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:25) tests. Attempts were made to isolate viable T. gondii from seropositive chickens by bioassay in mice. Pooled samples of brain, heart and quadriceps muscle of one thigh (total 40 g) from 64 chickens with IHAT titers of >= 1:16 were minced, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 40.4% (206/510) FR chickens by IHAT (titer >= 1:16) and 38.8% (198/510) by MAT (titer >= 1:25); concordance between IHAT and MAT was 81.6% (kappa index = 0.614). Viable T. gondii was isolated (designated TgCkBr234-281) from 48 of 64(75%) seropositive (IHAT titers >= 1:32) FR chickens. Most isolates of T. gondii were virulent for mice; 100% of mice inoculated with 44 of 48 isolates died of toxoplasmosis within 30 days post inoculation (p.i). An epidemiological investigation revealed that people living in rural areas have little knowledge about the parasite and about the risk of acquiring it from raw meat. Results indicated that the locally available IHAT was useful for screening of chicken sera for T. gondii antibodies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, CNPq, Brazi
The Effect of Viticultural Climate on Red and White Wine Typicity - Characterization in Ibero-American grape-growing regions
Aim: This study is part of a CYTED (Ibero-American Program for Science, Technology and Development) project on vitivinicultural zoning. The objective was to characterize the effect of viticultural climate on red and white wine typicity in the macro Ibero-American viticultural region. Methods and results: The climate of 46 grape-growing regions in 6 Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Spain and Portugal) was characterized using the three viticultural climate index of the Geoviticulture MCC System: the Heliothermal index HI, the Cool Night index CI and the Dryness index DI. The main sensory characteristics frequently observed in representative red and white wines of each of these regions were described by enology experts in the respective countries: intensity of colour, aroma, aroma-ripe fruit, body-palate concentration, alcohol, tannins (for red wines) and acidity as well as persistence on the palate. The data were submitted to a correlation analysis of the variables and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Conclusion: The typicity of red and white wines was correlated with the HI, CI and DI viticultural climate indexes from the MCC System. The main wine sensory variables affected by viticultural climate were identified. Significance and impact of the study : The results can be used to project the potential impacts of climate change on wine sensory characteristics
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