Podridão vermelha da raiz da soja em cultivos com diferentes sistemas de manejo e coberturas do solo.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos sistemas de manejo do solo e de coberturas de inverno sobre o número de propágulos de Fusarium spp. no solo, a incidência da podridão?vermelha?da?raiz (PVR) e a produtividade das cultivares de soja CD 206 e FT Fênix. Foram realizados dois experimentos nos anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de preparo do solo: plantio direto e revolvimento do solo na profundidade de 25 cm. As coberturas de inverno utilizadas foram: aveia?preta, com duas densidades de plantio; aveia?preta + ervilhaca; azevém; e pousio. A incidência da doença, na safra de 2006/2007, na cultivar FT Fênix, foi menor que na CD 206. Na safra 2007/2008, não houve diferença significativa. Houve incremento na produtividade, de 125 kg ha?1, com o solo revolvido, em comparação ao plantio direto. A cobertura com aveia?preta + ervilhaca apresentou maior número de propágulos de Fusarium spp. no solo, na safra de 2006/2007. No entanto, no segundo ano, essa diferença não foi observada. Os sistemas de preparo do solo e as coberturas de inverno utilizadas não influenciam a incidência da PVR em cultivares de soja ou o número de propágulos de Fusarium spp. no solo. O sistema com solo revolvido proporciona aumento de produtividade da soja, no segundo ano de manejo

Banana starch nanocomposite with cellulose nanofibers isolated from banana peel by enzymatic treatment: In vitro cytotoxicity assessment

The potential use of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as a reinforcing agent in banana starch-based nanocomposite films was investigated. CNFs were isolated from banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Banana starch-based nanocomposite films were prepared with CNFs using the casting method. CNFs effect on cell viability and on nanocomposite films properties was investigated. The cytotoxicity of CNFs was assessed on Caco-2 cell line. CNFs were not cytotoxic at 502000??g/mL. However, CNFs above 2000??g/mL significantly decreased cell viability. Topography analysis showed that the incorporation of CNFs modified the film structure. The nanocomposites exhibited a complex structure due to strong interactions between CNFs and starch matrix, promoting a remarkable improvement on mechanical and water barrier properties, opacity and UV light barrier compared to the control film. CNFs can offer a great potential as reinforcing material for starch-based nanocomposite films, producing a value-added food packaging from a waste material.The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (140274/2014-6), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (2952/2011) and CAPES/FCT número349/13 for Ph.D internship program. Joana T. Martins acknowledges the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for her fellowship (SFRH/BPD/89992/2012). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/ 04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) for allocation of the TEM, AFM and AFM-Nano IR apparatus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Oat growth under different nitrogen doses in an eucalyptus alley cropping system in subtropical Brazil.

Foi realizada uma análise de crescimento para verificar como a aveia (Avena sativa L. cv. IPR 126) cultivada para grãos responde a um sistema agroflorestal (SAF) com eucaliptos (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden) no subtrópico brasileiro. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a resposta de crescimento da aveia não é modificada pelo nitrogênio em distâncias relativas a faixas de eucaliptos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como o crescimento da aveia é influenciado por níveis de nitrogênio (12 e 80 kg ha-1 de N) em cinco posições equidistantes entre faixas de linhas duplas de eucaliptos [20 m (4 m x 3 m)] em SAF e em agricultura tradicional de plantio direto. O experimento foi em faixas no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as taxas de crescimento relativo e de assimilação líquida, fração de massa foliar e taxa de enchimento relativo da panícula. O nitrogênio alterou a resposta do crescimento diferentemente em posições relativas às faixas de árvores, portanto diferentes doses de nitrogênio devem ser utilizadas nestas posições para aumentar o crescimento da aveia

Production Systems to Integrate Livestock Grazing and Grain Production in Southern Brazil and Midwestern USA

Agriculture in the USA and Brazil has undergone similar and dramatic changes in the past 20 years. In both countries, production systems have become increasingly specialized. Large farms are characterized by single enterprises, simple crop rotations, and livestock production is segregated from grain production. The lack of diversification and high production costs expose producers to risk from economic swings of single enterprises and greater reliance on pesticides and synthetic fertilizers to maintain profitability, along with greater risk of soil erosion from continuous row crop production. Scientists in southern Brazil and Ohio are collaborating to develop no-tillage systems that integrate livestock grazing with cash grain production. The goal is diversified production systems that are profitable as well as biologically and environmentally sound

Danos causados por bovinos em diferentes espécies arbóreas recomendadas para sistemas silvipastoris.

Três espécies arbóreas foram avaliadas quanto aos danos causados por bovinos em pastejo em um sistema silvipastoril implantado na região subtropical do Brasil. As espécies Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn. ex R.Br) e Eucalyptus dunnii (Maiden), foram plantadas em linhas simples, arranjadas em 14 m x 3 m, para comporem um sistema agrossilvipastoril. Durante os primeiros três anos a área foi utilizada para produção de grãos em sistema de cultivo em aléias (silviagrícola). Após 41 meses do plantio das árvores, o gado foi introduzido pela primeira vez na área. Cinco classes de intensidade de danos foram estabelecidas: sem dano, baixa, média, alta e extrema. Os danos causados à casca do tronco das árvores no sistema foram maiores do que os causados às copas. As árvores de S. terebinthifolius foram as mais danificadas pelos bovinos. A manutenção de S. terebinthifolius em sistema silvipastoril não é recomendada pelo dano que o gado impõe às árvores

Exposure to magnetic fields and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in São Paulo, Brazil

Background: Epidemiological studies have identified increased risks of leukemia in children living near power lines and exposed to relatively high levels of magnetic fields. Results have been remarkably consistent, but there is still no explanation for this increase. in this study we evaluated the effect of 60 Hz magnetic fields on acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This case-control study included ALL cases (n = 162) recruited from eight hospitals between January 2003 and February 2009. Controls (n = 565) matched on gender, age, and city of birth were selected from the São Paulo Birth Registry. Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) was based on measurements inside home and distance to power lines. Results: for 24 h measurements in children rooms, levels of ELF MF equal to or greater than 0.3 microtesla (mu T), compared to children exposed to levels below 0.1 mu T showed no increased risk of ALL (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.33-3.61). When only nighttime measurements were considered, a risk (OR 1.52; 95% CI 0.46-5.01) was observed. Children living within 200 m of power lines presented an increased risk of ALL (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.49-5.75), compared to children living at 600 m or more of power lines. for those living within 50 m of power lines the OR was 3.57 (95% CI 0.41-31.44). Conclusions: Even though our results are consistent with the small risks reported in other studies on ELF MF and leukemia in children, overall our results do not provide support for an association between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia, but small numbers and likely biases weaken the strength of this conclusion. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Univ São Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01255 São Paulo, BrazilAssoc Brasileira Compatibilidade Eletromagnet, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Amaral Carvalho, Jau, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Infantil Darcy Vargas, São Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Oncol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Compression-Molded Cassava Starch-Chitosan Films for Meat Preservation

[EN] Cassava starch-chitosan films were obtained by melt bending and compression molding, using glycerol and polyethylene glycol as plasticizers. Both the starch/chitosan and the polymer/plasticizer ratios were varied in order to analyze their effect on the physical properties of the films. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of 70:30 polymer:plasticizer films was tested in cold-stored pork meat slices as affected by chitosan content. All film components were thermally stable up to 200 A degrees C, which guaranteed their thermostability during film processing. Starch and chitosan had limited miscibility by melt blending, which resulted in heterogeneous film microstructure. Polyethylene glycol partially crystallized in the films, to a greater extent as the chitosan ratio increased, which limited its plasticizing effect. The films with the highest plasticizer ratio were more permeable to water vapor, less rigid, and less resistant to break. The variation in the chitosan content did not have a significant effect on water vapor permeability. As the chitosan proportion increased, the films became less stretchable, more rigid, and more resistant to break, with a more saturated yellowish color. The incorporation of the highest amount of chitosan in the films led to the reduction in coliforms and total aerobic counts of cold-stored pork meat slices, thus extending their shelf-life.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competividad (Projects AGL2013-42989-R and AGL2016-76699-R). Author Cristina Valencia-Sullca thanks the Peruvian Grant National Program (PRONABEC Grant).Valencia-Sullca, CE.; Atarés Huerta, LM.; Vargas, M.; Chiralt, A. (2018). Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Compression-Molded Cassava Starch-Chitosan Films for Meat Preservation. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 11(7):1339-1349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2094-5S13391349117Alves, V. 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