A personal historic perspective on the role of chloride in skeletal and cardiac muscle

During the early decades of the last century, skeletal muscle was held to be impermeable to chloride ions. This theory, based on shaky grounds, was famously falsified by Boyle and Conway in 1941. Two decades later and onwards, the larger part of the resting conductance of skeletal muscle was found to be due to chloride ions, sensitive to the chemical environment, and to be time‐and‐voltage dependent. So, much of the groundwork for the physiological role of chloride ions in skeletal muscle was laid before the game‐changing discovery of chloride channels. The early history of the role of chloride in cardiac muscle, and work on the relative permeability to foreign anions of different muscles are also here covered from a personal perspective

DERIVING EMPIRICAL DEFINITIONS OF SPATIAL LABOR MARKETS: THE ROLES OF COMPETING VERSUS COMPLEMENTARY GROWTH

Rural communities compete with each other for firms, but their residents often commute large distances to work. Consequently, rural communities can benefit from economic growth occurring as much as 50 miles away. Data on county population growth shows that counties benefit from growth one or two counties away.Labor and Human Capital,

THE DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION DECISION IN OFF-FARM WORK: THE IOWA CASE

This paper examines factors affecting the role of individual, farm production, family finance, and regional characteristics in affecting labor force decisions by farm households. Young, more educated households are much more likely to work off-farm, suggesting that off-farm labor has become an expected part of new farm households.Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital,

Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing

The current gravitational-wave localization methods rely mainly on sources with electromagnetic counterparts. Unfortunately, a binary black hole does not emit light. Due to this, it is generally not possible to localize these objects precisely. However, strongly lensed gravitational waves, which are forecasted in this decade, could allow us to localize the binary by locating its lensed host galaxy. Identifying the correct host galaxy is challenging because there are hundreds to thousands of other lensed galaxies within the sky area spanned by the gravitational-wave observation. However, we can constrain the lensing galaxy's physical properties through both gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations. We show that these simultaneous constraints allow one to localize quadruply lensed waves to one or at most a few galaxies with the LIGO/Virgo/Kagra network in typical scenarios. Once we identify the host, we can localize the binary to two sub-arcsec regions within the host galaxy. Moreover, we demonstrate how to use the system to measure the Hubble constant as a proof-of-principle application.Comment: 5 pages (main text) + 5 pages (methods+references), 5 figures. Accepted to MNRA

Supersymmetric Majoron Inflation

We propose supersymmetric Majoron inflation in which the Majoron field $\Phi$ responsible for generating right-handed neutrino masses may also be suitable for giving low scale "hilltop" inflation, with a discrete lepton number $Z_N$ spontaneously broken at the end of inflation, while avoiding the domain wall problem. In the framework of non-minimal supergravity, we show that a successful spectral index can result with small running together with small tensor modes. We show that a range of heaviest right-handed neutrino masses can be generated, $m_N\sim 10^1-10^{16}$ GeV, consistent with the constraints from reheating and domain walls.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figure

Disciplinary "Moratorium" : Post-Colonial Studies, Third Wave Feminism, and Development Studies

Este artículo explora algunas similitudes entre el feminismo, especialmente la teoría de la interseccionalidad, estudios post-coloniales, y participativa de Desarrollo Alternativo. Si bien el acuerdo con tres campos diferentes temas que tienen en común como la metodología, desarrollo histórico, y el activismo. Los tres campos tienen como objetivo, no sólo la acumulación de conocimientos, sino también a luchar por la transformación en el mundo. Una simpatía general de los débiles y los oprimidos, también es compartida por los tres campos y su capacitación es un objetivo importante. Por último, el papel de la postmodernidad como un movimiento teórico estrechamente vinculados que se ha fortalecido y debilitado los tres campos en un momento u otro se discutirán.This paper explores some similarities between Feminism, especially intersectionality theory, Post-colonial studies, and Participatory Alternative Development. While the three fields deal with different subject matters they have commonalities such as methodology, historical development, and activism. The three fields have as their goal, not only the accumulation of knowledge but also to strive for transformation in the world. A general sympathy for the weak and the oppressed is also shared by the three fields and their empowerment is an important goal. Finally, the role of post-modernism as an intricately linked theoretical movement that has strengthened and weakened the three fields at one time or the other will be discussed

PUBLIC POLICY EDUCATION ON INFLATION

Financial Economics,

Different perceptions of adaptation to climate change: a mental model approach applied to the evidence from expert interviews

We argue that differences in the perception and governance of adaptation to climate change and extreme weather events are related to sets of beliefs and concepts through which people understand the environment and which are used to solve the problems they face (mental models). Using data gathered in 31 in-depth interviews with adaptation experts in Europe, we identify five basic stakeholder groups whose divergent aims and logic can be related to different mental models they use: advocacy groups, administration, politicians, researchers, and media and the public. Each of these groups uses specific interpretations of climate change and specifies how to deal with climate change impacts. We suggest that a deeper understanding and follow-up of the identified mental models might be useful for the design of any stakeholder involvement in future climate impact research processes. It might also foster consensus building about adequate adaptation measures against climate threats in a society