Las Dimensiones Ocultas Del Metabolismo Social: Ensayo Fenomenológico Sobre El Ser Y Su Relación Con La Energía

In contemporary scientific language social metabolism distinguishes the energy exchange that occurs in all human interactions and throughout the human-Nature interface This exchange consists of processes of energy flows commonly referred to as transfers of energy-matter the object of study under physical and biological spheres as well as energy-spirit transfers which human understanding recognizes as experience Experience in turn may be derived from our individual conscience and communitarian responsibility which is also understood as lively experience This essay offers two distinct approximations to analyze social metabolism The approximations herein complement one another under a phenomenological approach to experience First the narrative behind the trajectory of ecological economics as a discipline originally presented as an alternative path to standard approaches in Economics Standard or mainstream approaches in Economics often posit arguments based on logical-positivist premises that are in serious need of normative frameworks Standard approaches in economics fall short of seeking a real compensation to third party victims affected by an externalization of costs without contemplating the value in situ and in spirit of natural capita

Conformación de la agroindustria del amaranto en Santiago Tulyehualco, Xochimilco, México. Elementos que han permitido la transformación productiva y social en las familias rurales.

El presente trabajo versa sobre el desarrollo de la agroindustria del amaranto al sur del Distrito Federal, Ciudad de México. Esta actividad, además de ser de gran importancia económica para la localidad y comunidades vecinas, ya que en ella participan familias enteras, da un elevado sentido de pertenencia y cohesión entre los habitantes. La actividad agroindustrial consta de cuatro procesos: producción primaria, acopio, transformación y comercialización. Las familias amaranteras, que participan en este trabajo, participan en toda la cadena de valor desde hace varias generaciones. El eje de análisis se refiere a los factores que permiten la transformación en estructura y funcionamiento de la unidad de producción campesina hacia unidades agroindustriales. El enfoque que se utilizará para entender los procesos de cambio que se han dado en las unidades de producción rural y que permiten el desarrollo, evolución y consolidación de las estrategias se basa en el modelo de Organizaciones Productivas Familiares Rurales [1]. Dicho modelo separa tres ámbitos presentes e interrelacionados siempre presentes en las unidades: la propiedad, la familia y la actividad productiva agropecuaria. Este modelo nos ofrece argumentos de gran utilidad para entender los procesos de cambio que se gestan en las unidades campesinas, en su transito hacia la nueva cultura empresarial. Para la colección de información se recurrió a la aplicación de entrevistas, estructuradas, semi-estructuradas e historias de vida. Entre los principales hallazgos se puede mencionar: a) el nivel de desarrollo de la unidad de producción está relacionada con el momento en que se encuentre la familia dentro de su ciclo de desarrollo, b) las características personales del matrimonio propietario son determinantes para el cambio productivo implícito en el avance de la unidad y c) el entendimiento de las familias sobre sus necesidades, y la capacidad de gestión y negociación de sus representantes permiten el acceso a recursos que coadyuvan al cambio productivo. La principal conclusión es que el grado de avance de las unidades de producción, está en función del balance logrado por las familias operadoras entre intereses /necesidades y recursos /capacidades.Agroindustria, familia rural., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Labor and Human Capital,

Parameter estimation and model selection for stochastic differential equations for biological growth

In this paper, we consider stochastic versions of three classical growth models given by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed we use stochastic versions of Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic differential equations as models. We assume that each stochastic differential equation (SDE) has some crucial parameters in the drift to be estimated and we use the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) to estimate them. For estimating the diffusion parameter, we use the MLE for two cases and the quadratic variation of the data for one of the SDEs. We apply the Akaike information criterion (AIC) to choose the best model for the simulated data. We consider that the AIC is a function of the drift parameter. We present a simulation study to validate our selection method. The proposed methodology could be applied to datasets with continuous and discrete observations, but also with highly sparse data. Indeed, we can use this method even in the extreme case where we have observed only one point for each path, under the condition that we observed a sufficient number of trajectories. For the last two cases, the data can be viewed as incomplete observations of a model with a tractable likelihood function; then, we propose a version of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate these parameters. This type of datasets typically appears in fishery, for instance

The Mexican Water Forest: benefits of using remote sensing techniques to assess changes in land use and land cover

In the past 30 years, anthropogenic activities like urbanization, agriculture, road fragmentation and deforestation have resulted in changes in the land use and land cover (LULC) in the Mexican Water Forest. Due to the important ecosystem services, and the natural resources this forest provides, in Mexico, it has become increasingly necessary to use new technologies and tools to support the planning, implementation and integration of forest management and conservation plans, as well as ecological and socioeconomic analysis of this ecosystem. Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been a true technological and methodological revolution in the acquisition, management and analysis of geographic information. A case study of a land cover change analysis performed on the Mexican Water Forest from 1990 to 2010 is described as an example of an actual application of remote sensing and GIS technologies, and to show how these technologies can be used to improve forest management in the region. As a result, I identified nine challenges of managing the Water Forest, along with their corresponding solutions provided by the use and application of remote sensing techniques as key tools in the management and conservation of the Mexican Water Forest. Based on these results, I propose recommendations on how remote sensing and GIS tools can be used to create adequate forest management plans in this region

Graphene Synthesis Using a CVD Reactor and a Discontinuous Feed of Gas Precursor at Atmospheric Pressure

The present work shows a new method in order to cost-effectively achieve the synthesis of graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Unlike most usual processes, where precursors such as argon, H2, CH4, and high purity copper foil are used, the proposed method has replaced the previous ones by N2, N2 (90%) : H2 (10%), C2H2, and electrolytic copper (technical grade) since the use of industrialized precursors helps reduce production costs. On the other hand, the process was modified from a continuous flow system with vacuum to a discontinuous one at atmospheric pressure, eliminating the use of vacuum pump. In addition, this modification optimized the consumption of gases, which reduced the waste and the emission of pollutant gases into the atmosphere. Graphene films were grown under different gas flowrates and temperatures. Then, the obtained material was characterized by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and AFM, confirming the presence of few graphene layers. In brief, the growth time was reduced to six minutes with acetylene as a carbon precursor at 1000°C and at atmospheric pressure, with a flow rate of 30 sccm. Finally, the reported conditions can be used for the synthesis of good quality graphene films in industrial applications

Hybrid Intelligent Inverse Optimal Control forMethane Production in an Anaerobic Process

Anaerobic processes are very attractive because of their waste treatment properties and their capacity for transforming waste materials in order to generate methane, which can be used as a renewable energy source. A hybrid intelligent control strategy for an anaerobic process is proposed in this work; the structure of this strategy is as follows: a) a control law calculates dilution rate and bicarbonate addition in order to track a methaneproduction reference trajectory; this control law is based on speed-gradient inverse optimalneural control, b) a nonlinear discrete-time recurrent high-order neural observer isused to estimate biomass concentration, substrate degradation and inorganic carbon, and c) a Takagi-Sugeno supervisor, which detects the process state, selects and applies themost adequate control action, allowing a smooth switching between open loop and closed loop. The applicability of the proposed scheme is illustrated via simulations consideringa completely stirred tank reactor

Severe imported plasmodium falciparum malaria – experience of an intensive care unit

Introdução: A malária é uma doença potencialmente fatal na ausência de tratamento dirigido e atempado. A sua forma grave é causada quase exclusivamente por Plasmodium falciparum. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo dos doentes com malária grave a Plasmodium falciparum admitidos no serviço de medicina intensiva (SMI) do Hospital de Cascais de Fevereiro/09 a Junho/17, com revisão do perfil clínico, terapêutica e outcome dos doentes, tendo em conta a gravidade da doença e o grau de parasitémia. Resultados: Treze doentes foram internados no SMI: 8 em cuidados intensivos e 5 em cuidados intermédios. Nenhum cumpriu quimioprofilaxia. Todos os doentes cursaram com trombocitopenia grave; 8 necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI), dos quais 6 por acute respiratory distress syndrome; 4 doentes necessitaram de suporte aminérgico e 2 necessitaram de técnica dialítica. Os doentes com parasitémia ≥5% foram mais frequentemente ventilados com VMI (80 vs. 50%) e mais precocemente (2,5 vs. 4,0 dias); tiveram maior disfunção de órgão (4 vs. 2 órgãos afectados) e apresentaram internamentos mais prolongados (11 vs. 6 dias). Verificou-se ainda um aumento da prevalência de infecções com o tempo de internamento (p=0,005, se tempo de internamento ≥8 dias). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 15% - 2 doentes, ambos em regime de cuidados intensivos, com uma mediana de idade 11 anos superior aos restantes. Conclusão: Como reportado em estudos anteriores, o grau de parasitémia parece estar relacionado com a gravidade da doença. Paralelamente, a idade dos doentes e as intercorrências infecciosas também parecem determinantes do prognóstico da doença.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cymantrene–Triazole "Click" Products: Structural Characterization and Electrochemical Properties

We report the first known examples of triazole-derivatized cymantrene complexes (η5-[4-substituted triazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I), obtained via a “click” chemical synthesis, bearing a phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, or 4-aminophenyl moiety at the 4-position of the triazole ring. Structural characterization data using multinuclear NMR, UV–vis, ATR-IR, and mass spectrometric methods are provided, as well as crystallographic data for (η5-[4-phenyltriazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I) and (η5-[4-(3-aminophenyl)triazol-1-yl]cyclopentadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese(I). Cyclic voltammetric characterization of the redox behavior of each of the three cymantrene–triazole complexes is presented together with digital simulations, in situ infrared spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations to extract the associated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The trypanocidal activity of each cymantrene–triazole complex is also examined, and these complexes are found to be more active than cymantrene alone