47 research outputs found
Observation of individual molecules trapped on a nanostructured insulator
For the first time, ordered polar molecules confined in monolayer-deep
rectangular pits produced on an alkali halide surface by electron irradiation
have been resolved at room temperature by non-contact atomic force microscopy.
Molecules self-assemble in a specific fashion inside pits of width smaller than
15 nm. By contrast no ordered aggregates of molecules are observed on flat
terraces. Conclusions regarding nucleation and ordering mechanisms are drawn.
Trapping in pits as small as 2 nm opens a route to address single molecules
From white elephant to Nobel Prize: Dennis Gaborâs wavefront reconstruction
Dennis Gabor devised a new concept for optical imaging in 1947 that went by a variety of names over the following decade: holoscopy, wavefront reconstruction, interference microscopy, diffraction microscopy and Gaboroscopy. A well-connected and creative research engineer, Gabor worked actively to publicize and exploit his concept, but the scheme failed to capture the interest of many researchers. Gaborâs theory was repeatedly deemed unintuitive and baffling; the technique was appraised by his contemporaries to be of dubious practicality and, at best, constrained to a narrow branch of science. By the late 1950s, Gaborâs subject had been assessed by its handful of practitioners to be a white elephant. Nevertheless, the concept was later rehabilitated by the research of Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks at the University of Michigan, and Yury Denisyuk at the Vavilov Institute in Leningrad. What had been judged a failure was recast as a success: evaluations of Gaborâs work were transformed during the 1960s, when it was represented as the foundation on which to construct the new and distinctly different subject of holography, a re-evaluation that gained the Nobel Prize for Physics for Gabor alone in 1971. This paper focuses on the difficulties experienced in constructing a meaningful subject, a practical application and a viable technical community from Gaborâs ideas during the decade 1947-1957
Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, and its association with anaemia in children in Cameroon
Virtually better
with VR Clinical virtual reality uses VR in the treatment of psychological and physical disorders. Here we present some applications that therapists have used with patients. 1 Typical office setup for virtual reality therapy
Transmission electron microscopy study of erbium silicide formation from Ti/Er stack for Schottky contact applications
In this paper, we present results of transmission electron microscopy studies on erbium silicide structures fabricated under various thermal conditions. A titanium cap has been used as a protective layer against oxidation during rapid thermal annealing of an erbium layer in a temperature range of 300-700 degrees C. Both layers (200 nm Ti and 25 nm Er) were deposited by electron-beam sputtering. The investigations have shown that the transformation of the 25-nm-thick erbium into erbium silicide is completed after annealing at 500 degrees C. At higher temperatures, the formation of a titanium silicide layer above erbium silicide is observed. The lowest Schottky barrier has been measured in the sample annealed at 700 degrees C