The Invisible Prison: Pathways and Prevention

In this Article, we propose a new strategy for curbing crime and delinquency and demonstrate the inadequacy of current reform efforts. Our analysis relies on our own, original research involving a large, multigenerational sample of unmarried fathers from a Rust Belt region of the United States, as well as the conclusions of earlier researchers. Our own research data are unusual in that they are holistic and multigenerational: the court-based record system we utilized for data collection provided detailed information on child maltreatment, juvenile status and delinquency charges, child support, parenting time, orders of protection, and residential mobility for focal children (the oldest in the family), their siblings, half-siblings, and all parents who grew up in the relevant county. Using other data sources, we were also able to obtain reliable information about adult crime and other high-risk behaviors. Very few crime researchers have had access to data this comprehensive. Our research findings show the incarcerative state in action. Close to one-third (31.7%) of sample fathers had been incarcerated, at least once, as adults, and almost half (49.5%) of those who lived, as teenagers, in the county we investigated had at least one juvenile arrest. Our findings support recent nonpartisan reforms, such as the federal First Step Act, that reduce mandatory sentences and place increased emphasis on substance-abuse treatment. The vast majority of offenders in our sample committed nonviolent offenses and posed no serious public-safety risk. Seventy percent of those with felony convictions also had a known history of substance abuse. However, our data show that current reforms are incapable of significantly reducing criminal misconduct or the disproportionate impact of incarceration on black Americans and the poor. In our sample, adult paternal crime was linked to other high-risk behaviors, significantly correlated with several of the father’s adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and predicted a number of adverse outcomes in his children. Our data thus contribute to a growing body of research showing that high ACE levels—levels that are typically linked with and reinforced by poverty—significantly increase the risk of criminal behavior as well as physical and mental-health problems, educational and occupational deficits, high-risk behavior, and early death. To successfully reduce the costs of crime, we argue that policymakers must develop a public-health approach. We also argue that, as with virtually all successful public-health campaigns, public policy should focus on prevention programs that reduce risks and shift away from costly and largely ineffective postcrime punishment and rehabilitation strategies

Getting Blood From Stones: Results and Policy Implications of an Empirical Investigation of Child Support Practice in St. Joseph County, Indiana Paternity Actions

Today, there is consensus that the current system of calculating and enforcing support obligations does not work well for disadvantaged families, most of which are nonmarital. Nonmarital children are less likely to have support orders established than marital children, and they are much less likely to experience full payment. In this paper, we report data on parenting time, child support calculation, and enforcement actions in a population of nonmarital children for whom paternity actions were brought, in 2008 or 2010, in St. Joseph County, Indiana. The computerized, court-based record system we utilized to collect data gave us access to information on parental characteristics and child outcomes that other researchers investigating child support practice in disadvantaged populations have been unable to obtain. Our research thus offers an unusually data-rich window into current outcomes in a population where problems are large and new solutions are desperately needed. Our findings demonstrate that recent changes in federal child support regulations and programs, which post-date the orders in our study, were very much needed. Our findings also reveal both the need for additional reforms and the difficulties that lie ahead as the states begin to grapple with applying the new federal standards

Developing Culturally Proficient Leaders Through Graduate Coursework: Examining Student Perspectives

The racial and ethnic demographic shifts occurring in the United States had increased the need for educational leaders capable of obtaining the cultural proficiency needed to effectively lead diverse schools. Graduate coursework focused on developing cultural competence provides a unique opportunity for school leaders to explore issues related to identity, bias, and diversity in a scholarly setting. Course design, materials, and assignments should work together seamlessly to provide students a rich opportunity to explore diversity issues. The present study examines the perspectives of students enrolled in a doctoral diversity course in Spring 2021 and how the course contributed to the development of culturally proficient leaders

Prospectus, June 24, 1992

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1992/1014/thumbnail.jp

Analisa Pengaruh Servicescape Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Dengan Kepuasan Konsumen Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Artotel Hotel Surabaya

Berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh pengusaha industri jasa perhotelan untuk merebut pangsa pasar dengan menonjolkan karakteristik hotel. Salah satunya adalah Artotel Hotel Surabaya yang merupakan sebuah hotel yang menawarkan produk utamanya berupa tampilan fisik seni kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Servicescape terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan kepuasan konsumen sebagai variabel intervening pada Artotel Hotel Surabaya.Responden penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang berkunjung dan menginap di Artotel Hotel Surabaya dan diteliti dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada 150 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa Servicescape berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen Artotel Hotel Surabaya, demikian juga dengan kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan Artotel Hotel Surabaya

Perspectives on Adaptation in a Stroke Self-Management Program: A Multiple Case Study

Background: Occupational Adaptation occurs when a person develops a response to meet an occupational challenge. This process is disrupted when a person experiences a life altering event, such as stroke. Stroke self-management programs equip persons with stroke with education and skills to manage the daily tasks associated with their condition. Few studies have explored the adaptive process survivors experience as they seek to effectively use the tools provided through stroke self-management programs. The objective was to explore the adaptive process of three individuals following participation in a stroke self-management program. Method: A multiple case study design was used. Three participants completed an interview focused on their adaptive experiences as they learned to self-manage personal stroke risk factors. Each case study interview was analyzed to identify themes across cases. Results: Four themes were identified: (a) knowledge acquisition to generate an adaptive response, (b) behavioral change and adjustment in routines, (c) increased proactivity and personal responsibility and, (d) vvaluating the adaptive response-Physiological and emotional changes in health. Conclusion: The participants’ increased awareness and understanding of personal stroke risk factors facilitated the adaptive process, which resulted in increased efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, and engagement in health promoting behavior to self-manage their stroke condition

The Role and Responsibility of Prosecutors

In this panel, the discussion moves form the abstract to the very specific. Moderator Thomas Metzloff, professor of law at Duke University School of Law, asks the panelists to analyze the actions leading to the disbarment of former Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong. The speakers, all current or former prosecutors, detail personal experiences dealing with reporters, and discuss the guidelines, written and unwritten, which govern such interaction. Questions/themes/discussion topics The press as a tool to communicate with the public The press as a watchdog Training of young prosecutors in press interaction The effect of the U.S. Supreme Court\u27s 2002 decision in Minnesota v. White on regulating attorney speech Strategic advantages (or lack thereof) to press interaction To what degree can prosecutors control leaks from their office or, more problematically, from the local police department? Public statements as jury pool pollutant

Prospectus, March 16, 1992

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1992/1007/thumbnail.jp