35 research outputs found
BeitrÀge zur Kenntniss der Ptomaïne in gerichtlich-chemischer Beziehung : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doctors der Medicin
http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2501593~S1*es
Getting the Best of Both Worlds? Developing Complementary Equation-Based and Agent-Based Models
We argue that building agent-based and equation-based versions of the same theoretical model is a fruitful way of gaining insights into real-world phenomena. We use the epistemological concept of âmodels as isolations and surrogate systemsâ as the philosophical underpinning of this argument. In particular, we show that agent-based and equation-based approaches align well when used simultaneously and, contrary to some common misconceptions, should be considered complements rather than substitutes. We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by examining a model of the long-run relationship between economic development and inequality (i.e., the Kuznets hypothesis)
Dendritic cells are crucial for maintenance of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung of influenza virusâinfected mice
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are organized aggregates of B and T cells formed in postembryonic life in response to chronic immune responses to infectious agents or self-antigens. Although CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are consistently found in regions of TLO, their contribution to TLO organization has not been studied in detail. We found that CD11chi DCs are essential for the maintenance of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT), a form of TLO induced in the lungs after influenza virus infection. Elimination of DCs after the virus had been cleared from the lung resulted in iBALT disintegration and reduction in germinal center (GC) reactions, which led to significantly reduced numbers of class-switched plasma cells in the lung and bone marrow and reduction in protective antiviral serum immunoglobulins. Mechanistically, DCs isolated from the lungs of mice with iBALT no longer presented viral antigens to T cells but were a source of lymphotoxin (LT) ÎČ and homeostatic chemokines (CXCL-12 and -13 and CCL-19 and -21) known to contribute to TLO organization. Like depletion of DCs, blockade of LTÎČ receptor signaling after virus clearance led to disintegration of iBALT and GC reactions. Together, our data reveal a previously unappreciated function of lung DCs in iBALT homeostasis and humoral immunity to influenza virus
Productive integration, economic recession and employment in Europe: an assessment based on vertically integrated sectors
The Covid-19 crisis has revamped the discussion about the redefinition of GVC. This paper contributes to the debate, analysing the productive relationships between European countries in four key manufacturing activities. In particular, the paper addresses two objectives. First, it maps the degree of productive integration in Europe, focusing on the generation of employment in the production of exported intermediate inputs and final goods. Second, it provides a preliminary assessment of the potential impact on employment that the current economic crisis will have on some manufacturing activities across Europe. The analysis is realised employing the concept of vertically integrated labour (Pasinetti 1973) which allows to account for the employment directly and indirectly involved in the production of final goods. The estimations are derived from Multi-Regional InputâOutput tables to map the supply chain and to differentiate between the employment involved in the production of exported intermediate inputs and final goods. The results show that most of the employment involved in the production of final output of the activities studied in the paper is linked to international trade. Although Europe shows a high degree of productive links, there are important differences in the modality of insertion in the productive structure of European countries. Moreover, the impact on the level of employment due to the current economic crisis can be significant, affecting more than 1.3 million of people in Europe. These results are relevant to policy makers, who should consider carefully the high degree of linkages of the European economies when designing industrial policies and measure of support to the economy
3-D-printed smart screw: functionalization during additive fabrication
Integrating sensors into machine parts is a necessary step for the
development of smart or intelligent components. Sensors integrated into
materials such as concrete, fiber compounds, or metals are already used to
measure strain, temperature, or corrosion. The integration is mostly done
during fabrication, where the sensor is recast in the material during
processing. However, approaches to integrate sensors into parts fabricated by
additive manufacturing are still rarely found. Especially in the case of
rapid prototyping, additive techniques are already substituting the machining
of parts using classical technologies like cutting, drilling and milling. To
characterize such 3-D-printed machine parts the direct integration of sensing
elements is the next logical step. This can be done in multi-material
printing by using insulating, magnetic, and conductive materials. In the case
of single material printing, our idea is to integrate a sensing element
during the printing process itself. As proof-of-concept, we present the
functionalization of 3-D-printed screws. Strain gauges screen-printed on a
6âŻÂ”m thick foil are interposed into the 3-D part during
microstereolithography printing. We measure the torsional strain in the screw
head to calculate the prestressing force in screws made from different
plastic materials. We also analyze the
defect effect by comparing it to screws without integrated elements
Simulation of Layer - Sequence of Ni-Zn Ferrite Thin Films and Multilayers for EMC Applications Greater Than 1000 Mhz
NiZn ferrite multilayer have attracted much attention as materials with unique properties. One of these properties is enhanced microwave absorption. This gives a possibility to product absorption electromagnetic covers ( EMC ) with ultrathin thickness. the Electromagnetic Compatibility absorption of NiZn Ferrite polycristalline sample is 0,6 dB in the rf- range