Aplicaciones inmediatas de las señales isotópicas δ13C y δ15N obtenidas en colágeno óseo de restos fósiles: identificación de ejemplares con caracteres ambiguos

[Abstract] In this paper we deal with an useful application of isotopic studies on fossil bone remains. Following δ1 3C and δ1 5N signals recorded in bone collagen, it is possible to classify into the proper taxon some doubtful remains. Thus, three fossil ribs from Liñares site (Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula) have been correctly classified as belonging to Cervus elaphus L., taking into account both some previous works on its isotopic signatures as well as morphological data

About large bovids (Bovidae, Mammalia) in the NW of Iberian Peninsula

[Abstract] Large bovids (Bos primigenius and Bison priscus) bone remains from NW Iberian Peninsula sites are studied in this paper. Anatomic features in both species are highly similar, which makes difficult these bone fossils to identify. Our main interest in being able to distinguish them is based in one fact: both species are indicators of different palaeoenvironmental conditions and they are bound to be represented in Galician sites. Thus, bison keeps a continuous presence in Cantabrian sities, being the aurochs dominant in Portugal. By analysing many morphological features and carring metric comparisons out, we have confirmed the Bison priscus presence in Galicia, whilst the Bos primigenius one is still in doubt.Xunta de Galicia; XUGA10307B93Xunta de Galicia; XUGA10308A9

Cambios temporales en el origen de la materia orgánica en las marismas del Río Miño (NW Península Ibérica) mediante marcadores lipídicos. Temporal changes in the organic matter sources in the Minho River tidal marshes (NW Iberian Península): A lipid biomarker approach.

[EN]: The lipid biomarker distribution in a sediment core fromMinho river tidal-marshes (NW Iberian Peninsula) was studiedusing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in order to evaluate changes in the sources and distribution of organic matter (OM) in the estuary during the last centuries. The distribution of terrestrial and phytoplankton biomarker inventory reflected an heterogeneous mixture of OM from marine and terrestrial sources. Lignin derived phenols, triterpenoids and long chain n-alkanes with an odd number of carbons are indicators of soil-and vascular plant-derived continental OM, being more abundant on the topmost sections of the core. In addition, a conspicuous contribution from plankton-derived OM (e.g. short chain fatty acids and alcohols, phytosterols) is observed in the deepest sections of the core. However, in general the lipid biomarker assemblage found indicate the existence of a complex input of organic matter (OM) to this estuarine area, from both river run-off and marine depositions. Temporal variations observed could also be attributed to terrigenous contributions after flooding events from Miño river, although a differential degradation of individual biomarkers should not be neglected when interpreting biomarker assemblages in this geodynamically active environment. [ES]: Con el objetivo de evaluar las variaciones en las fuentes y distribución de la matería orgânica (MO) durante los últimos siglos, se estudia la distribución de biomarcadores lipídicos en una secuencia sedimentaria de las marismas del río Miño (NW Península Ibérica) mediante Cromatografía de Gases¿Espectrometria de Masas (CG/MS) . La distribución de biomarcadores terrestres y marinos muestra una mezcla heterogénea de MO con diferente orígen. Los fenoles derivados de la lignina, triterpenoides y n-alcanos de cadena larga con número impar de carbonos proceden de plantas superiores, indicadores de MO de origen continental , se encuentran com mayor abundancia en las secciones superiores del sondeo. Los lípidos derivados del plancton marino (ej., acidos grasos y alcoholes de cadena corta, fitosteroles) se encontraron con mayor abundancia relativa en las secciones mas profundas del sondeo. Sin embargo, la distribución global de los biomarcadores lipídicos estudiados muestra la complejidad de las fuentes de MO en este estuario, y que incluye las descargas del río y deposiciones de sedimentos marinos. Algunas variaciones observadas pueden deberse a contribuciones de MO terrígena debidas a descargas elevadas procedentes del río Miño. No obstante, a la hora de interpretar los cámbios observados en la distribución de determinados biomarcadores en este ambiente geodinámicamente activo, se debe tener en cuenta la posible ocurrencia de fenómenos de degradación preferencial o selectiva en el sedimento.Peer Reviewe

Implicaciones paleoecológicas inferidas de la caracterización isotópica (δ13C,δ15N) del colágeno óseo de Ursus spelaeus ROS.-HEIN.

[Abstract] Stable isotopic signatures measured in bone collagen provide with data related to the species diet type. In this paper we compare δ13C and δ15N outcomes in Ursus spelaeus ROS.-HEIN. Bone remains from Liñares site and Cova Eirós site (Galicia, NW of the Iberian Peninsula). Some data on fossil Ursus arctos L. and Pleistocene Cervus elaphus L. from Galician caves are also presented, as a first approach to distinguish paleodiets of different species inferred from their isotopic signatures. Once all data have been analyzed with proper statistical tools and since this work was planned in order to reduce variation in stable isotopic signals caused by metabolic causes, we may assume that the observed differences between both studied groups are exclusively due to environmental factors and show a migration of the cave bear population in the Serra do Courel mountains from higher to lower altitudes because of the transition from warm climatic conditions to colder ones

Structural characteristics of soil humic acids in coffee-cultivation systems: 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis.

Structural characterization of soil organic matter is still poorly understood in Brazilian agroecosystems. We aimed to identify the qualitative changes of soil humic acids as influenced by agroforestry- and full sun-coffee systems in the Atlantic Coastal Rainforest domain. The study was carried out in the Zona da Mata located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The specific studied sites were:agroforestry-coffee (AGF), Full sun coffee (FSC) and Native forest (NF) which was selected and used to determine the native or steady state condition of soil. Soil humic acids were extracted by using basic-acid medium, purified, and freeze-dried to a solid state to perform 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis analyses. 13C NMR assignment of soil HAs from FSC system suggests an intensification of the process of humification of HAs structure. The higher aromaticity index of HAs from FSC compared to the AGF system confirmed this result. The relative abundance in each specific pyrolitic group was similar among the different land use, with exception to the higher amounts of lignin-like and lipids compounds in AGF compared to FSC system, and the higher abundance of N-compounds in FSC (37,0%) than in AGF (21,5%) system. Combining 13C NMR with Pyrolysis is an interesting tool to the study of structural features of HAs. Despite of the discrepancies, both techniques indicated that studied AGF systems favor the genesis of soil HAs with lower degree of humification when compared to FSC system, as a result of the influence of organic residues (fresh and old) from trees.pdf 1519-

The TechnoFusion Consortium of Spanish institutions and facilities towards the development of fusion materials and related technologies in Europe

14 pags., 10 figs.With the objective of contributing to the European development of materials, technologies and facilities for the demonstration of the thermonuclear fusion, the construction of the unique TechnoFusión facility was planned in 2009. The TechnoFusión consortium, formed by selected Spanish research groups and laboratories located in Madrid, has jointly advanced in the search for solutions to the remaining technological issues of nuclear fusion by magnetic and inertial confinement. In addition, the foundation of the TechnoFusión partnership has been essential to create a network of collaborations, and also to expand and specialize human resources, by training scientists and technical staff in the use of high-tech tools. Supported by the TechnoFusión_Comunidad Madrid (III) regional programme, the consortium is focused on providing support for the construction of medium-­sized, relevant facilities in Madrid (Spain). Regarding magnetic and inertial fusion issues, the programme is structured in several key experiments and infrastructures, which combine the development of materials, of cutting-edge technologies and the construction of associated facilities, with the progress in simulation and application of computational neutronics:The authors acknowledge the funding by Community of Madrid, co-financed with Structural Funds (ERDF and ESF)), through the TechnoFusión (III)-CM (S2018/EMT-4437) programme. This work has also been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 633053. The views and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. In particular, R. González-Arrabal acknowledges the Convenio Plurianual con la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid en la línea de actuación Programa de Excelencia para el Profesorado Universitario of the CAM (Comunidad Autónoma Madrid)

A 15 µm selected sample of hHigh-z starbursts and AGNs

We report results from our Spitzer GO-1 program on IRS spectroscopy of a large sample of Luminous Infrared Galaxies and quasars selected from the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS). The selected ELAIS sources have a wide multi-wavelength coverage, including ISOCAM, ISOPHOT, IRAC and MIPS (from SWIRE), and optical photometry. Here we present the sample selection and results from the IRS spectroscopy

Organic matter sources for tidal marsh sediment over the past two millennia in the Minho River estuary (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Environmental changes during the last 2 millennia in the Minho River tidal marsh (NW Portugal-Spain border) were reconstructed. Changes in the sources of organic matter (OM) delivered to the marsh were evaluated from elemental, isotopic and molecular composition using a 1 m sediment core. Carbon isotopic composition (delta13C) and organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio (Corg/N) provided valuable information concerning the origin of the OM. These parameters indicated a major input from land plants, reaching a maximum at 1100–1200 and 1750–1850 AD. These periods match with major flood events in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula, as reported by several authors. A significant reduction in the terrestrial signature occurred at 6–4 cm (ca. 1960–1985 AD), which is contemporaneous with the construction of several major dams on the Minho River. The distribution of selected lipid biomarkers, including n-alkanes, n-fatty acids and n-alkan-2-ones and specific parameters derived from the molecular distributions, were useful for refining bulk geochemical results. Long chain n- alkanes with an odd number of carbons are indicators of soil-and vascular plant derived terrestrial OM and were dominant throughout the core. In addition, a greater contribution of plankton-derived lipids was observed in the sections corresponding to ca. 1960–1985 AD (6–4 cm) and ca. 100–200 AD (96–94 cm). Although different degradation rates for individual compounds might have partly affected biomarker assemblages, the variations could be attributed to a sharp decrease in the freshwater contribution to the Minho River Estuary (dam construction) and a possible marine highstand, respectively. In addition, several parameters suggested changes in land use (including deforestation and farming) and probably the effects of mining exploitation during the Roman occupation of the area.We acknowledge the funding by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal for J.M. M’s PhD. Grant (SFRH/BD/45528/2008) and for the WestLog Project (PTDC/CTE-GIX/105370/2008). E.L. was awarded a Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award. This is a contribution to the IGCP Project 588 and to the Geo-Q Research Unit (Aranzadi).Peer reviewe

Muscle characteristics and maximal/explosive force production during isometric/dynamic actions of leg extensor muscles in untrained young men

Participaron en el estudio, de forma voluntaria cinco sujetos de sexo masculino, estudiantes de educación Física (22-26 años). El objetivo fue observar las relaciones entre el test de salto horizontal con los tests de salto vertical con contramovimiento y con flexión previa, tests de fuerza isométrica máxima y la distribución de los tipos de fibras musculares. Los resultados en la distancia y altura de vuelo conseguidas en los tests de salto horizontal, salto desde flexión previa sin contramovimiento y salto con contramovimiento fueron respectivamente 2,53 m ± 0,17, 0,32 m ± 0,05 y 0,40 m ± 0,05. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las fibras tipo I, tipo IIA y tipo IIB y los tests realizados. Tampoco se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la máxima fuerza, la pendiente de fuerza isométrica y entre la distancia y alturas de salto. Por otro lado, tampoco se encontraron correlaciones entre la fuerza y la potencia en el salto horizontal (2,53 B W ± 0,17 y 63,4 W/kg ± 5,4, respectivamente) y la distancia lograda. El test de fuerza isométrica máxima se realizó con dos diferentes ángulos de flexión de rodillas: 90" y 120". Tanto el pico de máxima fuerza isométrica como la máxima pendiente de desarrollo de la fuerza fueron superiores al realizar el test con una flexión de rodillas de 120" (2268 N ± 576 y 8962 N/s ± 1945 frente a 1538 N ± 300 y 7398 N/s ± 1557 con 90" de flexión). Por último, no se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la fuerza isométrica máxima y la fuerza explosiva en acciones dinámicas

Differential processing of anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen in benthic food webs of A Coruña (NW Spain) traced by stable isotopes

proyectos ANILE (CTM2009- 08396 and CTM2010-08804-E) del Plan Nacional de I+D+i y RADIALES del Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). C.M. e I.G.V. disfrutaron de contratos FPI del IEO y del Ministerio de Economía y Competividad respectivamente.In this study the effect of inputs of organic matter and anthropogenic nitrogen at small spatial scales were investigated in the benthos of the Ria of A Coruña (NW Spain) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This ria is characteristically enriched in nutrients provided either by marine processes (as coastal upwelling) or by urban and agricultural waste. Stable isotope composition in trophic guilds of infaunal benthos revealed spatial differences related to their nutrient inputs. The main difference was the presence of an additional chemoautotrophic food web at the site with a large accumulation of organic matter. The enrichment in heavy nitrogen isotopes observed in most compartments suggests the influence of sewage-derived nitrogen, despite large inputs of marine nitrogen. Macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus) resulted significantly enriched at the site influenced by estuarine waters. In contrast, no differences were found in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), thus suggesting a major dependence on marine nutrient sources for this species. However, the estimations of anthropogenic influence were largely dependent on assumptions required to model the different contributions of sources. The measurement of stable isotope signatures in various compartments revealed that, despite anthropogenic nutrients are readily incorporated into local food webs, a major influence of natural marine nutrient sources cannot be discarded.IEO, Plan nacional I+D+iPreprint2,277