6,484 research outputs found
The Unusual Distributions of Ionized Material and Molecular Hydrogen in NGC 6881: Signposts of Multiple Events of Bipolar Ejection in a Planetary Nebula
The planetary nebula NGC 6881 displays in the optical a quadrupolar
morphology consisting of two pairs of highly collimated bipolar lobes aligned
along different directions. An additional bipolar ejection is revealed by the
hydrogen molecular emission, but its wide hourglass morphology is very
different from that of the ionized material. To investigate in detail the
spatial distribution of molecular hydrogen and ionized material within NGC
6881, and to determine the prevalent excitation mechanism of the H2 emission,
we have obtained new near-IR Br-gamma and H2 and optical H-alpha and [N II]
images, as well as intermediate resolution JHK spectra. These observations
confirm the association of the H2 bipolar lobes to NGC 6881 and find that the
prevalent excitation mechanism is collisional. The detailed morphology and very
different collimation degree of the H2 and ionized bipolar lobes of NGC 6881
not only imply that multiple bipolar ejections have occurred in this nebula,
but also that the dominant shaping agent is different for each bipolar
ejection: a bipolar stellar wind most likely produced the H2 lobes, while
highly collimated outflows are carving out the ionized lobes into the thick
circumstellar envelope. The asymmetry between the southeast and northwest H2
bipolar lobes suggests the interaction of the nebula with an inhomogeneous
interstellar medium. We find evidence that places NGC 6881 in the H II region
Sh 2-109 along the Orion local spiral arm.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 4 table
High-velocity collimated outflows in planetary nebulae: NGC 6337, He 2-186, and K 4-47
We have obtained narrow-band images and high-resolution spectra of the
planetary nebulae NGC 6337, He 2-186, and K 4-47, with the aim of investigating
the relation between their main morphological components and several
low-ionization features present in these nebulae. The data suggest that NGC
6337 is a bipolar PN seen almost pole on, with polar velocities higher than 200
km/s. The bright inner ring of the nebula is interpreted to be the "equatorial"
density enhancement. It contains a number of low-ionization knots and outward
tails that we ascribe to dynamical instabilities leading to fragmentation of
the ring or transient density enhancements due to the interaction of the
ionization front with previous density fluctuations in the ISM. The lobes show
a pronounced point-symmetric morphology and two peculiar low-ionization
filaments whose nature remains unclear. The most notable characteristic of He
2-186 is the presence of two high-velocity (higher than 135 km/s) knots from
which an S-shaped lane of emission departs toward the central star. K 4-47 is
composed of a compact core and two high-velocity, low-ionization blobs. We
interpret the substantial broadening of line emission from the blobs as a
signature of bow shocks, and using the modeling of Hartigan, Raymond, & Hartman
(1987), we derive a shock velocity of 150 km/s and a mild inclination of the
outflow on the plane of the sky. We discuss possible scenarios for the
formation of these nebulae and their low-ionization features. In particular,
the morphology of K 4-47 hardly fits into any of the usually adopted mass-loss
geometries for single AGB stars. Finally, we discuss the possibility that
point-symmetric morphologies in the lobes of NGC 6337 and the knots of He 2-186
are the result of precessing outflows from the central stars.Comment: 16 pages plus 7 figures, ApJ accepted. Also available at
http://www.iac.es/publicaciones/preprints.htm
Open Cluster Characterization via Cross-Correlation with Spectral Library
We present a characterization method based on spectral cross-correlation to
obtain the physical parameters of the controversial stellar aggregate
ESO442-SC04. The data used was obtained with GMOS at Gemini-South telescope
including 17 stars in the central region of the ob ject and 6 standard-stars.
FXCOR was used in an iterative process to obtain self-consistent radial
velocities for the standard-stars and averaged radial velocities for the
science spectra. Spectral types, effective temperature, suface gravity and
metallicities parameters were determined using FXCOR to correlate cluster
spectra with ELODIE spectral library and selecting the best correlation matches
using the Tonry and Davis Ratio (TDR). Analysis of the results suggests that
the stars in ESO442-SC04 are not bound and therefore they do not constitute a
physical system.Comment: 4-page paper from IAU symposium 266. Contains 3 eps figures and IAU
document class file 'iau.cls
A search for magnetic fields on central stars in planetary nebulae
One of the possible mechanisms responsible for the panoply of shapes in
planetary nebulae is the presence of magnetic fields that drive the ejection of
ionized material during the proto-planetary nebula phase. Therefore, detecting
magnetic fields in such objects is of key importance for understanding their
dynamics. Still, magnetic fields have not been detected using polarimetry in
the central stars of planetary nebulae. Circularly polarized light spectra have
been obtained with the Focal Reducer and Low Dispersion Spectrograph at the
Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory and the Intermediate
dispersion Spectrograph and Imaging System at the William Herschel Telescope.
Nineteen planetary nebulae spanning very different morphology and evolutionary
stages have been selected. Most of central stars have been observed at
different rotation phases to point out evidence of magnetic variability. In
this paper, we present the result of two observational campaigns aimed to
detect and measure the magnetic field in the central stars of planetary nebulae
on the basis of low resolution spectropolarimetry. In the limit of the adopted
method, we can state that large scale fields of kG order are not hosted on the
central star of planetary nebulae.Comment: Paper accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics on
20/01/201
QCALT: a tile calorimeter for KLOE-2 upgrade
The upgrade of the DANE machine layout requires a modification of the
size and position of the inner focusing quadrupoles of KLOE-2 thus asking for
the realization of two new calorimeters covering the quadrupoles area. To
improve the reconstruction of events with photons hitting the
quadrupoles a calorimeter with high efficiency to low energy photons (20-300
MeV), time resolution of less than 1 ns and space resolution of few cm, is
needed. To match these requirements, we are designing a tile calorimeter,
QCALT, where each single tile is readout by mean of SiPM for a total
granularity of 2400 channels. We show first tests of the different calorimeter
components
Knots in the outer shells of the planetary nebulae IC 2553 and NGC 5882
We present images and high-resolution spectra of the planetary nebulae IC
2553 and NGC 5882. Spatio-kinematic modeling of the nebulae shows that they are
composed of a markedly elongated inner shell, and of a less aspherical outer
shell expanding at a considerably higher velocity than the inner one. Embedded
in the outer shells of both nebulae are found several low-ionization knots. In
IC 2553, the knots show a point-symmetric distribution with respect to the
central star: one possible explanation for their formation is that they are the
survivors of pre-existing point-symmetric condensations in the AGB wind, a fact
which would imply a quite peculiar mass-loss geometry from the giant
progenitor. In the case of NGC 5882, the lack of symmetry in the distribution
of the observed low-ionization structures makes it possible that they are the
result of in situ instabilities.Comment: 20 pages including 1 table and 6 figures. ApJ accepted. Also
available at http://andromeda.roque.ing.iac.es/~sanchez/ingpub/index2000.htm
Real-time prediction with U.K. monetary aggregates in the presence of model uncertainty
A popular account for the demise of the U.K.âs monetary targeting regime in the 1980s blames the fluctuating predictive relationships between broad money and inflation and real output growth. Yet ex post policy analysis based on heavily revised data suggests no fluctuations in the predictive content of money. In this paper, we investigate the predictive relationships for inflation and output growth using both real-time and heavily revised data. We consider a large set of recursively estimated vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction models (VECM). These models differ in terms of lag length and the number of cointegrating relationships. We use Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to demonstrate that real-time monetary policymakers faced considerable model uncertainty. The in-sample predictive content of money fluctuated during the 1980s as a result of data revisions in the presence of model uncertainty. This feature is only apparent with real-time data as heavily revised data obscure these fluctuations. Out-of-sample predictive evaluations rarely suggest that money matters for either inflation or real output. We conclude that both data revisions and model uncertainty contributed to the demise of the U.K.âs monetary targeting regime
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