2,558 research outputs found
The Influence of Sociocultural Factors on Body Image: Searching for Constructs
Body image is a multidimensional construct that has received increasing scientific study over the past few decades. Considerable research has examined the determinants of body image development and functioning and their implications for other aspects of psychosocial wellbeing, especially eating pathology among girls and young women. Cafri, Yamamiya, Brannick, and Thompson (this issue) reported the results of a meta-analysis of how selected, self-reported sociocultural influence variables correlate with the basic dimension of body image evaluation. Their work raises and reinforces important questions about the definition and measurement of sociocultural influence constructs
Extended Water Quality Monitoring of the Lincoln Lake Watershed
For seven years, the Lincoln Lake (Moores Creek and Beatty Branch) watershed was monitored for improvements in water quality resulting from agricultural best management practices (BMP) implemented to reduce nutrient transport. During the first three years of monitoring (1991 to 1994), nitrogen transport declined significantly (Edwards et al., 1994, 1996, and 1997) under both base and storm flow conditions. This decline in nitrogen transport was again observed in the three-year period following 1994 (Vendrell et al. 1998). This monitoring effort has demonstrated that water quality bas improved in the Lincoln Lake watershed. However, since the nitrogen transport continued to decline and there was some indication that phosphorus may begin to decline, monitoring was extended for another year (1998)
Prejudice Toward Fat People: The development and Validation of the Antifat Attitudes Test
Although the stigma of obesity in our society is well documented, the measurement of antifat attitudes has been a difficult undertaking, Two studies were conducted to construct and validate the Antifat Attitudes Test (AFAT), In study 1, college students (110 men and 175 women) completed the preliminary 54-item AFAT and specific indices of body image and weight-related concerns, Psychometric and factor analysis revealed a 47-item composite scale and three internally consistent factors that were uncorrelated with social desirability: Social/Character Disparagement, Physical/Romantic Unattractiveness, and Weight Control/Blame. Several body image correlates of antifat prejudice were identified, and men expressed more negative attitudes than women, Study 2 experimentally examined the effects of information about the controllability of weight on the antifat attitudes of 120 participants, Exposure to information on behavioral vs. biogenetic control led to greater blame of persons who are fat for their body size, The implications of the findings and the potential utility of the AFAT are discussed
The TREC2001 video track: information retrieval on digital video information
The development of techniques to support content-based access to archives of digital video information has recently started to receive much attention from the research community. During 2001, the annual TREC activity, which has been benchmarking the performance of information retrieval techniques on a range of media for 10 years, included a âtrackâ or activity which allowed investigation into approaches to support searching through a video library. This paper is not intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the different approaches taken by the TREC2001 video track participants but instead we give an overview of the TREC video search task and a thumbnail sketch of the approaches taken by different groups. The reason for writing this paper is to highlight the message from the TREC video track that there are now a variety of approaches available for searching and browsing through digital video archives, that these approaches do work, are scalable to larger archives and can yield useful retrieval performance for users. This has important implications in making digital libraries of video information attainable
Men, Muscles, and Body Image: Comparisons of Competitive Bodybuilders, Weight Trainers, and Athletically Active Controls
Objectives: To investigate body image and psychosocial adjustment among competitive bodybuilders, non-competitive weight trainers, and athletically active men. Methods: Participants were 40 men in each of the three groups who were assessed on body composition and multiple facets of body image evaluation, investment and anxiety, eating attitudes, and social self esteem. Results: Relative to the other two groups, competitive bodybuilders had greater body mass due to fat-free body mass. Although groups did not differ in their situational body image discomfort, competitive bodybuilders and weight trainers had a more positive global appearance evaluation and were more psychologically invested in their physical appearance. Compared with active controls, men in both weightlifting groups were more satisfied with their upper torso and muscle tone. Competitive bodybuilders reported more mid torso satisfaction than the other two groups. Competitive bodybuilders also wished to be significantly heavier than controls did and reported higher social self esteem but greater eating disturbance. Conclusions: The findings suggest that competitive bodybuilders as a group are not more muscle dysmorphic\u27\u27 than either non-competitive weight trainers or physically active men who do not train with weights
The Discovery of Argon in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
On 30.14 March 1997 we observed the EUV spectrum of the bright comet C/1995
O1 (Hale-Bopp) at the time of its perihelion, using our EUVS sounding rocket
telescope/spectrometer. The spectra reveal the presence H Ly beta, O+, and,
most notably, Argon. Modelling of the retrieved Ar production rates indicates
that comet Hale-Bopp is enriched in Ar relative to cosmogonic expectations.
This in turn indicates that Hale-Bopp's deep interior has never been exposed to
the 35-40 K temperatures necessary to deplete the comet's primordial argon
supply.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. ApJ, 545, in press (2000
The Deuterium Abundance in the z=0.7 absorber towards QSO PG1718+4807
We report a further analysis of the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen (D/H)
using HST spectra of the z=0.701 Lyman limit system towards the QSO PG1718+481.
Initial analyses of this absorber found it gave a high D/H value, 1.8 - 3.1
\times 10^{-4} (Webb et al. 1998), inconsistent with several higher redshift
measurements. It is thus important to critically examine this measurement. By
analysing the velocity widths of the DI, HI and metal lines present in this
system, Kirkman et al. (2001) report that the additional absorption in the blue
wing of the lya line can not be DI, with a confidence level of 98%. Here we
present a more detailed analysis, taking into account possible wavelength
shifts between the three sets of HST spectra used in the analysis. We find that
the constraints on this system are not as strong as those claimed by Kirkman et
al. The discrepancy between the parameters of the blue wing absorption and the
parameters expected for DI is marginally worse than 1 sigma.
Tytler et al.(1999) commented on the first analysis of Webb et
al.(1997,1998), reporting the presence of a contaminating lower redshift Lyman
limit system, with log[N(HI)] = 16.7 at z=0.602, which biases the N(HI)
estimate for the main system. Here we show that this absorber actually has
log[N(HI)] < 14.6 and does not impact on the estimate of N(HI) in the system of
interest at z = 0.701.
The purpose of the present paper is to highlight important aspects of the
analysis which were not explored in previous studies, and hence help refine the
methods used in future analyses of D/H in quasar spectra.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by MNRA
Does the gamma-ray flux of the blazar 3C 454.3 vary on sub-hour timescales?
In the early days of April 2010, the blazar 3C 454.3 (z=0.859) underwent a
strong gamma-ray outburst, reaching fluxes (E > 100 MeV) in excess of 10^-5 ph
cm^-2 s^-1. The Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope performed a 200 ks long pointed
observation starting from 5 April 2010 19:38 UTC. This allowed us to try
probing the variability of the gamma-ray emission on timescales of hours or
less. We found the variability on a few hours timescale. On sub-hour timescale
we found no evidence of significant variability, although the present
statistics is not yet conclusive and further observations are needed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication on MNRAS. Section 1
completely rewritten and enlarge
Incidence of human brucellosis in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania in the periods 2007-2008 and 2012-2014
Background:
Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity among humans and their livestock. There are few robust estimates of the incidence of brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Using cases identified through sentinel hospital surveillance and health care utilization data, we estimated the incidence of brucellosis in Moshi Urban and Moshi Rural Districts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, for the periods 2007â2008 and 2012â2014.
Methods:
Cases were identified among febrile patients at two sentinel hospitals and were defined as having either a 4-fold increase in Brucella microscopic agglutination test titres between acute and convalescent serum or a blood culture positive for Brucella spp. Findings from a health care utilization survey were used to estimate multipliers to account for cases not seen at sentinel hospitals.
Results:
Of 585 patients enrolled in the period 2007â2008, 13 (2.2%) had brucellosis. Among 1095 patients enrolled in the period 2012â2014, 32 (2.9%) had brucellosis. We estimated an incidence (range based on sensitivity analysis) of brucellosis of 35 (range 32â93) cases per 100 000 persons annually in the period 2007â2008 and 33 (range 30â89) cases per 100 000 persons annually in the period 2012â2014.
Conclusions:
We found a moderate incidence of brucellosis in northern Tanzania, suggesting that the disease is endemic and an important human health problem in this area
The warm absorber in NGC 5548: The lean years
We study the variability of the warm absorber and the gas responsible for the
emission lines in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, in order to constrain the
location and physical properties of these components. Using X-ray spectra taken
with the \textit{Chandra}LETGS in 2002 and 2005, we study variability in the
ionic column densities and line intensities. We find a lower \ion{O}{vii}
forbidden emission line flux in 2005, while the Fe K line flux stays
constant. The warm absorber is less ionized in 2005, allowing us to constrain
its location to within 7 pc of the central source. Using both the observed
variability and the limit on the FWHM of the \ion{O}{vii} f line, we have
constrained the location of the narrow line region to a distance of 1 pc from
the central source. The apparent lack of variability of the Fe K line
flux does not allow for a unique explanation.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&
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