Der Einfluss verschiedener Copingstile und des Persönlichkeitsmerkmals Flexibilität auf das autobiographische Gedächtnis bei alten traumatisierten Menschen.

Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob unterschiedliche Copingstrategien und Attributionsstile, das Persönlichkeitsmerkmal Flexibilität und Schuldzu-schreibungen nach einem erlebten traumatischen Ereignis dazu führen, einen spezifischen oder einen übergeneralisierten Erinnerungsstil zu entwickeln. Die Stichprobe umfasste 100 Personen über 60 Jahre. Personen mit Demenz wurden ausgeschlossen. Es waren 33% Männer und 67% Frauen. Es war eine natürlich gewachsene Stichprobe, welche sich folgendermaßen zusammensetz-te: 82% traumatisierte Personen ohne PTSD, 12% traumatisierte Personen mit PTSD, 6% unbelastete Personen. Zusammengefasst kann gesagt werden, dass die drei Gruppen (Personen mit PTSD, Personen ohne PTSD, Unbelastete) sich nicht in der autobiographischen Gedächtnisleistung unterscheiden. Durch-schnittlich haben ältere Personen 6 Traumata erlebt. Je weniger Traumata er-lebt wurden, umso mehr positive Erinnerungen hatten die Personen. Je weniger man - made Traumata widerfahren sind, umso mehr positive Erinnerungen konnte die Person abrufen. Männer wiesen eine signifikant bessere Erinne-rungsleistung auf als Frauen. Jedoch konnten sich die Männer auch besser an aggressive Erlebnisse erinnern. Weiteres kann gesagt werden, dass Personen im Alter sehr rigide sind, sich jedoch dieses Persönlichkeitsmerkmal nicht auf die autobiographische Gedächtnisleistung auswirkt. Characterological und be-havioral self-blame und die Attributionsstile hängen nicht signifikant mit dem autobiographischen Gedächtnis zusammen. Vermeidendes, problemorientier-tes, emotionsorientiertes und akkommodatives Coping haben keinen Einfluss auf die autobiographische Erinnerungsleistung. Je mehr der assimilative Copingstil angewendet wurde, umso höhere spezifische autobiographische Erinne-rungsleistung wurde beobachtet, jedoch auch umso mehr aggressive Erlebnisse wurden erinnert

Lobbyismus für FußgeherInnen in Wien aus der Perspektive staatlicher und nicht-staatlicher AkteurInnen

Anhand von Interviews mit staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen AkteurInnen, die im Verkehrsbereich agieren, wird die Lage des FußgeherInnenverkehrs in Wien erläutert. Mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse der Gespräche wurden konkrete Vorschläge zur Förderung des nicht-motorisierten Verkehrs herausgearbeitet. Aus den Ergebnissen erfolgte die Schlussfolgerung, dass es notwendig ist, dass der FußgeherInnenverkehr über eine eigene Lobby verfügt

Karakterizacija parametara elastičnosti ploče s orijentiranim makroiverjem (OSB) proizvedene od iverja drva topole (Populus deltoides) uz pomoć ultrazvučnoga kontaktnog prijenosa impulsa

When using wood and wood-based composites, it is necessary to determine the elastic constants of these engineered materials. Oriented strand board (OSB), as structural wood based panel, plays a significant role in the building sector, but the accessibility of such elastic constants of OSB is mostly limited. For this purpose, this study aimed at determining the elastic wave velocity, stiffness and all elastic constants of OSB made from Poplar (Populus deltoides) strands using ultrasonic through–transmission technique. Laboratory OSBs with the mean density of 760 kg/m3 were made with the average strand sizes of 0.6 mm in thickness, 120 mm in length and 30 mm in width. 8 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was used with the pressing conditions of 3.43 N/mm2, 190 °C and 600 s as pressure, temperature and time of pressing, respectively. The OSBs were assumed as an orthotropic model. Three modulus of elasticity (E1, E2, and E3), three shear modulus (G12, G13 and G23), and six Poisson’s ratios (v12, v21, v13, v31, v23, v32) were calculated by longitudinal, transversal and quasi-transversal waves velocities. Ultrasonically determined stiffness coefficients of OSB were investigated by representative volume elements (RVE). Therefore, the separation of scales requirement is satisfied, and the measured velocities can be applied to determine the engineering elastic parameters of the examined OSB. The results indicate that modulus of elasticity and shear modulus are in the same order of magnitude in comparison with other references, and the values of Poisson’s ratios are valid in ultrasonic range measurement. In conclusion, the ultrasonic contact pulse transmission shows great potential to determine the characterization of elastic wave velocity, stiffness and engineering elastic parameters.Za primjenu drva i kompozita na bazi drva iznimno je važno odrediti konstante elastičnosti tih konstrukcijskih materijala. Ploča s orijentiranim makroiverjem (OSB ploča), kao strukturna ploča na bazi drva, ima široku primjenu u građevnom sektoru, a pristup takvim konstantama elastičnosti OSB ploča uglavnom je ograničen. Stoga je cilj ove studije bio odrediti brzinu elastičnog vala, krutost i sve konstante elastičnosti OSB ploča proizvedenih od makroiverja topole (Populus deltoides) primjenom ultrazvučne tehnike. Od iverja prosječne debljine 0,6 mm, duljine 120 mm i širine 30 mm laboratorijski su izrađene OSB ploče srednje gustoće 760 kg/m3. Upotrijebljena je 8 %-tna fenol-formaldehidna (PF) smola u ovim uvjetima prešanja: tlak je bio 3,43 N/mm2, temperatura 190 °C, a proces prešanja trajao je 600 s. Pretpostavljeno je da su OSB ploče ortotropni modeli. Na temelju srednjih vrijednosti uzdužne, poprečne i kvazipoprečne brzine valova izračunana su tri modula elastičnosti (E1, E2 i E3), tri modula smicanja (G12, G13 i G23) i šest Poissonovih omjera v12, v21, v13, v31, v23, v32). Ultrazvučno utvrđene krutosti OSB ploča ispitivane su reprezentativnim volumnim elementima (RVE). Dakle, ispunjen je zahtjev za odvajanje skala, a izmjerene se brzine mogu primijeniti za određivanje inženjerskih parametara elastičnosti ispitivanih OSB ploča. Rezultati pokazuju da su moduli elastičnosti i moduli smicanja istog reda veličine u usporedbi s drugim referencama, a vrijednosti Poissonovih omjera vrijede u mjerenjima ultrazvučnog raspona. Zaključno, ultrazvučni kontaktni prijenos impulsa pokazuje velik potencijal za određivanje brzine elastičnih valova, krutosti i konstrukcijskih parametara elastičnosti materijala

Numerical modeling in timber engineering – moisture transport and quasi-brittle failure

With the rising popularity of timber structures and the increasing complexity of timber engineering projects, the need for numerical simulation tools specific to this building material is gaining rapidly in importance. in particular, moisture transport processes and the quasi-brittle failure behavior, both difficult to describe, present major challenges and are of great relevance in practical construction. For these reasons, this article presents numerical modeling concepts for predicting moisture gradients, estimating effective stiffness and strength, and numerically identifying potential cracking mechanisms in wooden components. These concepts are validated through experimental test programs, and the associated challenges are addressed. selected results ultimately demonstrate the capabilities and relevance of such methods for timber engineering

Mind the Seat Limit: On Capacity Management in Public Automated Shuttles

With ever growing automation of public transport automated shuttles offer an attractive alternative in areas where traffic regulations limit the deployment of large buses (city centres) or where low degrees of utilization renders the manual vehicles operation non-economical (last mile). The low capacities of shuttles in combination with the human factor (driver or conductor) makes capacity management a greater challenge for the user. Capacity management describes the allocation of available seats in a vehicle, e.g., when buying a ticket. In this paper, we present the results of series of studies where capacity management in automated shuttles has been tested via instruments that are currently available in public transit (audio announcements, in-shuttle displays, booking apps). We found that measures during and after boarding are not sufficient and that capacity management in automated shuttle requires a more detailed planning of pre-boarding stages; when boarding automated shuttles as opposed to non-automated public buses the flexibility is reduced. The paper concludes with discussion and recommendations for an optimal capacity management d

Modelling of networked measuring systems -- from white-box models to data based approaches

Mathematical modelling is at the core of metrology as it transforms raw measured data into useful measurement results. A model captures the relationship between the measurand and all relevant quantities on which the measurand depends, and is used to design measuring systems, analyse measured data, make inferences and predictions, and is the basis for evaluating measurement uncertainties. Traditional modelling approaches are typically analytical, for example, based on principles of physics. But with the increasing use of digital technologies, large sensor networks and powerful computing hardware, these traditional approaches are being replaced more and more by data-driven methods. This paradigm shift holds true in particular for the digital future of measurement in all spheres of our lives and the environment, where data provided by large and complex interconnected systems of sensors are to be analysed. Additionally, there is a requirement for existing guidelines and standards in metrology to take the paradigm shift into account. In this paper we lay the foundation for the development from traditional to data-driven modelling approaches. We identify key aspects from traditional modelling approaches and discuss their transformation to data-driven modelling