Rol de conjugados proteína-polisacáridos en la estabilidad de emusliones procesadas con proteína de suero de leche

Recientemente las propiedades bioactivas de los distintos alimentos han despertado un gran interés. En el presente trabajo se pretende establecer una relación entre propiedades bioactivas de emulsiones y la estabilidad de éstas. Para preparar estas emulsiones, se ha empleado proteína de suero de leche conjugada con carragenano, el cual es un hidrocoloide conocido por su capacidad de formar conjugados con proteínas, así como de aumentar la viscosidad de los sistemas donde está presente. Tras establecer una relación tiempo/temperatura óptima para la conjugación. Tras llevar a cabo un diseño de experimento, se seleccionaron cuatro sistemas para establecer aquel que mantuviera las propiedades bioactivas y funcionales en una mejor proporción. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a determinación de una concentración óptima de proteína de suero de leche y de carragenano (polisacárido) en sistemas las emulsiones empleadas. Además de las propiedades bioactivas logradas con este sistema, estos resultados son fundamentales para la posible encapsulación de ingredientes activos en alimentos funcionales

Temporal variation in body measurements in three Taurine cattle populations of Burkina Faso supports introgression of Zebu genes into West African Taurine cattle

A total of 769 adult females belonging to 3 taurine and one zebu cattle populations sampled in 3 provinces of Burkina Faso were assessed for 19 body measurements during two different years (2014 and 2018). The aim of this research was to identify temporal morphological variation in cattle bred in the humid southern zones to obtain empirical evidence supporting a possible introgression of zebu cattle genes into Gourounsi and Lobi taurine cattle breeds. Zebu cattle samples were used as out-group for both 2014 and 2018 subsets. Least square means of body measurements allowed to classify Burkina Faso taurine cattle into three subgroups according to body size (Gourounsi–Sanguié –GourS-, Gourounsi-Nahouri –GourN- and Lobi from the tallest to the smallest respectively). Principal Component Analysis suggested that in 2014, taurine populations were structured. Dispersion map constructed using the two first factors informed that the GourS population was well separated from both the Lobi and the GourN, which, in turn, overlapped. However, in 2018 a strong signal of homogenization was identified, with GourN partially overlapping the other two populations. Linear Discriminant Analysis suggested that about 20% of both GourS and GourN individuals were reciprocally misclassified. Clues for such increase have been pointed out by MANOVA analysis. Although on 2014, Lobi cattle was clearly smaller than Gourounsi and both GourS and GourN populations showed clear differences on body traits, on 2018 it could be assessed an increase in size in Lobi cattle and a strong homogenization signal within Gourounsi cattle. Zebu cattle gene flow southwards in Burkina Faso is likely to have caused these changes, suggesting a fast erosion of taurine cattle genetic background. Keywords: Body traits, quantitative traits, Gourounsi cattle, Lobi, Burkina Faso

Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures

Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.(undefined

Etude par diffraction neutronique de Cr2NiS4

The pseudo hexagonal compound Cr2NiS4 (a = 5.94 Å, b = 3.42 Å, c = 11.14 Å ; β = 91°3') isomorphous with Cr3S4 (space group I/2m) belongs to a deformed NiAs type structure presenting ordered vacancies. NiII is situated in the planes in which the vacancies order. The antiferromagnetic configuration observed at T = 4.20 °K has a propagation vector k0 = [1/2 0 1/2]. Covalency effects reduce the magnetic moments by 30 % with respect to the theoritical (spin only) ones. The direction of spin σ is defined by θ # 45°, ϕ # 58° where θ is the angle of σ with [101], π/2 - ϕ is the angle with b of the projection of σ on (101). Criteria are given for the positivity or negativity of magnetic interactions at right angles in terms of transport coefficients fπ and f σ. The observed structure agrees satisfactorily with these criteria.Cr2NiS4 (a = 5,94 Å, b = 3,42 Å, c = 11,14 Å ;β = 91°3') composé monoclinique pseudo-hexagonal (groupe I/2m) isomorphe de Cr3S4 dérive du type NiAs et présente un ordre de lacunes. NiII est dans les plans lacunaires. La configuration antiferromagnétique observée à T = 4,2 °K possède un vecteur de propagation k0 = [1/2 0 1/2]. On constate une réduction de 30 % des moments magnétiques théoriques due à des effets de covalence. La direction moyenne des spins σ est définie par θ # 45° ϕ # 58° où θ est l'angle de σ avec [101] et π/2 - ϕ l'angle avec b de la projection de σ sur (101). Des critères sont développés pour la positivité ou négativité des liaisons magnétiques à angle droit faisant intervenir des coefficients de transport fπ et f σ. La structure observée est en accord satisfaisant avec ces critères

The Food Contaminant Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Inhibits the Swallowing Reflex in Anaesthetized Rats

International audienceDeoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most abundant mycotoxins found on cereals, is known to be implicated in acute and chronic illnesses in both humans and animals. Among the symptoms, anorexia, reduction of weight gain and decreased nutrition efficiency were described, but the mechanisms underlying these effects on feeding behavior are not yet totally understood. Swallowing is a major motor component of ingestive behavior which allows the propulsion of the alimentary bolus from the mouth to the esophagus. To better understand DON effects on ingestive behaviour, we have studied its effects on rhythmic swallowing in the rat, after intravenous and central administration. Repetitive electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve or of the tractus solitarius, induces rhythmic swallowing that can be recorded using electromyographic electrodes inserted in sublingual muscles. Here we provide the first demonstration that, after intravenous and central administration, DON strongly inhibits the swallowing reflex with a short latency and in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, using c-Fos staining, a strong neuronal activation was observed in the solitary tract nucleus which contains the central pattern generator of swallowing and in the area postrema after DON intravenous injection. Our data show that DON modifies swallowing and interferes with central neuronal networks dedicated to food intake regulation

INTERACTION BETWEEN NESFATIN-1 AND OXYTOCIN IN THE MODULATION OF THE SWALLOWING REFLEX

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Effects of DON injection on the real number of swallows triggered by SLN (or ST) stimulation.

<p>The real number of swallows recorded is indicated as mean ± sem. For each dose of DON injected, mean values of swallows recorded at a time when a robust inhibitory effect of swallows was noted; except for 60ng/kg DON dose which did not modify the number of swallows. i.v., intravenous administration; SwCPG, central microinjection.</p><p>Effects of DON injection on the real number of swallows triggered by SLN (or ST) stimulation.</p

Effects of DON intravenous administration on c-Fos immunoreactivity.

<p>Representative coronal sections illustrating the c-Fos labeling observed in the brainstem (A, B, C: NTS, D: RVL, E: OL) of I) control rats intravenously treated with NaCl (0.9%) and sacrificed 2h post-treatment, II) rats intravenously treated with DON (3mg/kg bw) and sacrificed 2h post-treatment. III) Quantification of the number of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in the brainstem observed in rats treated either with DON (3mg/kg bw) or NaCl (0.9%). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 significantly different from NaCl-treated rats. Box explanation: upper horizontal line of box, 3^rd quartile; lower horizontal line of box, 1^st quartile; color separation within box, median; upper horizontal bar outside box, max; lower horizontal bar outside box, min. 4V, fourth ventricle; AP, area postrema; cc, central canal; NTS-C, caudal part of the NTS; NTS-R, rostral part of the NTS; NTS-P, postremal division of the NTS; OL, inferior olive; RVL, rostroventral reticular nucleus. Scale bar: 100 μm.</p