A proximidade de um parque paleontológico estimulando o conhecimento entre estudantes da educação básica brasileira

Este trabalho aborda o ensino de Paleontologia na Educação Básica Brasileira. O objetivo principal do estudo foi investigar se a proximidade da escola de um parque paleontológico - com todas as possibilidades educativas que daí possa advir - poderia resultar em maiores conhecimentos sobre paleontologia. A metodologia empregada caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa levantamento quantitativa e exploratória. Foram aplicados questionários sobre conhecimentos básicos e os resultados obtidos sugerem que a proximidade do parque influenciou nos conhecimentos paleontológicos dos estudantes. São discutidas e sugeridas formas de utilização do parque com um efetivo espaço não formal para o ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos paleontológicos

Structure of Hierridin C, Synthesis of Hierridins B and C, and Evidence for Prevalent Alkylresorcinol Biosynthesis in Picocyanobacteria

Small, single-celled planktonic cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in the world's oceans yet tend not to be perceived as secondary metabolite-rich organisms. Here we report the isolation and structure elucidation of hierridin C, a minor metabolite obtained from the cultured picocyanobacterium Cyanobium sp. LEGE 06113. We describe a simple, straightforward synthetic route to the scarcely produced hierridins that relies on a key regioselective halogenation step. In addition, we show that these compounds originate from a type III PKS pathway and that similar biosynthetic gene clusters are found in a variety of bacterial genomes, most notably those of the globally distributed picocyanobacteria genera Prochlorococcus, Cyanobium and Synechococcus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pediatric tuberculosis in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro

Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in children living in a high-burden metropolitan area. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on a medical chart review, involving children under 15 years old treated for TB between 2007 and 2016, in four primary health units (PHU) and three reference centers (RC) in five cities of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Factors associated with TB treatment setting, microbiological diagnosis, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 544 children were enrolled; 71% were treated in PHU, 36% were under 5 years old, and 72% had pulmonary TB (PTB). The HIV prevalence was 10% (31/322). Fifty-three percent had at least one microbiological test for TB, 68% of them (196/287) had TB confirmed. Among 222 children with previous TB contact, information on LTBI was available for 78 (35%), and only 17% (13/78) were treated. Extrapulmonary TB (56% vs 32%), microbiologically confirmed TB (77% vs 60%), and HIV positivity (18.5% vs 4.0%) were significantly more frequent in RC. Treatment in RC (odds ratio (OR) 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–5.44) and PTB (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.34–4.56) were independently associated with a microbiological diagnosis of TB. The treatment success rate was 85%. In the logistic regression analysis, HIV-infected children had a 2.5-fold higher risk of an unfavorable outcome (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.0–6.38; p = 0.05). Conclusions: Opportunities for TB prevention and early TB treatment are missed due to suboptimal close contact screening. Microbiological diagnosis of TB and drug susceptibility testing in children should be made available through more sensitive and accessible tests

Produção de serapilheira como bioindicador de recuperação em plantio adensado de revegetação

Litter deposition pattern was applied as bioindicator to compare sites at different successional stages with a dense restoration plantation. Litter traps (0.25 m2) were used and a production of 10.17 Mg ha-1 year-1 was obtained for secondary forest similar to a medium sector in the restoration area (8.98 Mg ha-1 year-1). Lower (5.85 Mg ha-1 year-1), upper (5.81 Mg ha-1 year -1), and bush (5.63 Mg ha-1 year-1) land production were similar to litter deposition values obtained from disturbed forests. Despite the need of more comparative parameters, litter deposition can be applied as restoration bioindicator