73 research outputs found
Hospital Intervention to Reduce Overweight with Educational Reinforcement after Discharge: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Introduction: Obesity and overweight affect more than one-third of the world’s population
and pose a major public health problem. Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational
intervention on dietary habits and physical exercise in patients with overweight admitted to departments
of internal medicine, comprising a pre-discharge educational session with follow-up and
reinforcement by telephone at 3, 6, and, 12 months post-discharge. Outcome variables were weight,
systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hospital
readmissions, emergency department visits, and death. Method: A randomized experimental study
with a control group was performed in hospitalized non-diabetic adults aged 18 years with body
mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2. Results and conclusions: The final sample included 273 patients. At
three months post-discharge, the intervention group had lower SBP and DPB and improved dietary
habits (assessed using the Pardo Questionnaire) and VAS-assessed HRQOL in comparison to the
control group but a worse EQ-5Q-5L-assessed HRQOL. There were no between-group differences
in hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, or mortality at any time point. Both groups
evidenced a progressive improvement over the three follow-up periods in weight, SBP, and dietary
habits but a worsening of EQ-5D-5L-value-assessed HRQOL. Discussion: The intervention group
showed greater improvements over the short term, but between-group differences disappeared at
6 and 12 months. Weight loss and improvements in key outcomes were observed in both groups over
the follow-up period. Further research is warranted to determine whether a minimum intervention
with an educational leaflet, follow-up phone calls, and questionnaires on overweight-related healthy
habits, as in the present control group, may be an equally effective strategy without specific individual
educational input.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission PI17/0041
Índices predictivos de fibrosis en la detección del hígado graso no alcohólico : utilidad en Atención Primaria
El hígado graso no alcohólico(HGNA) es una entidad muy prevalente que se asocia con un aumento del riesgo cardiovascular global. Normalmente es asintomática. Los índices serológicos de fibrosis se están investigando para su diagnóstico. Objetivo: analizar la utilidad de los índices HAIR, FLI y LAP para el diagnóstico del HGNA y la concordancia entre ellos. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, poblacional, multicéntrico realizado en Atención Primaria en sujetos sanos de entre 15-85 años. Las prevalencias fueron de HAIR 68,1%, FLI 46,8%, LAP 56%. Concordancia modesta de los índices. Es necesario seguir investigando para encontrar un índice útil para el diagnóstico.El fetge gras no alcohòlic(FGNA) és una entitat molt prevalent que s'associa amb un augment del risc cardiovascular global. Normalment és asimptomàtica. Els índexs predictius de fibrosi s'estan investigant pel diagnòstic. Objectiu: analitzar la utilitat dels índexs HAIR, FLI i LAP pel diagnòstic del FGNA i la concordança entre ells. Metodologia: estudi descriptiu, poblacional, multicèntric realitzat a l'Atenció Primaria en subjectes sans d'entre 15-85 anys. Les prevalences van ser de HAIR 68,1%, FLI 46,8%, LAP 56%. Concordança modesta dels índexs. És necessari seguir investigant per trobar un índex útil pel diagnòstic
Alzheimer's disease: Is there a relationship between brain renin-angiotensin system, estradiol and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4)?
One of the diseases more related to the continuous aging of the population is Alzheimer's disease, which is a type of dementia currently without either effective diagnosis biomarkers or treatments. Its higher prevalence in women makes it necessary to study pathways/systems that could participate and/or be involved in its development, as well as those that could be affected by hormonal factors, which, in this case, are estradiol levels. In this sense, one of the systems under study that is gaining special relevance in the scientific community is the brain renin-angiotensin system and its regulatory proteolytic enzymes. This system is strongly modulated by estrogens, and it is also connected with the cerebral glucose metabolism through the angiotensin IV receptor, also recognized as the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). Due to the fact that the cerebral glucose metabolism is highly compromised in patients with Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to know the elements of the systems and their functions in this process, namely, the cerebral renin-angiotensin system, estradiol and IRAP, an enzyme and receptor co-localized in brain tissue with the insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Knowledge of the connection between them could shed light on the molecular mechanisms of this disease and also provide new diagnostic and therapeutic targets
Recommendations by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO) for the healthcare adaptation of public health dental clinics in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic and, a few days later, the Spanish Government declared a State of Emergency and the population lockdown. This crisis situation crisis forced deep changes in health care. A
Delivery of Health Care by Spanish Dental Hygienists in Private and Public Dental Services during the COVID-19 De-Escalation Phase (June 2020): A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain posed a major challenge for Spanish dental professionals. The objective of this work is to describe the dental hygienists’ work status and employment patterns during the de-escalation phase in order to analyse the standards of knowledge, compliance with official recommendations, and dental activities both in the public health service and in the private sector. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was answered by Spanish dental hygienists via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. The questionnaire was piloted before it was distributed and carried out during June 2020. Results: Here, 517 dental hygienists were surveyed, of which 86.2% followed the official recommendations to avoid contagion and 63.8% agreed with the gradual return to work by limiting the use of aerosols. Private dental hygienists identified more with returning to work without restrictions (14.5%) versus those working for the public service (1.2%) (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Dental hygienists’ return to work has involved different strategies, aimed at controlling infection and guaranteeing the safety of patients and the rest of the dental team. The availability of personal protective equipment, the adaptation of clinical infrastructure, and patient care management have differed between professionals working in the private and public sectors
The yeast prefoldin-like URI-orthologue Bud27 associates with the RSC nucleosome remodeler and modulates transcription
Bud27, the yeast orthologue of human URI/RMP,
is a member of the prefoldin-like family of ATPindependent molecular chaperones. It has recently
been shown to mediate the assembly of the three
RNA polymerases in an Rpb5-dependent manner. In
this work, we present evidence of Bud27 modulating
RNA pol II transcription elongation. We show that
Bud27 associates with RNA pol II phosphorylated
forms (CTD-Ser5P and CTD-Ser2P), and that its absence affects RNA pol II occupancy of transcribed
genes. We also reveal that Bud27 associatesin vivo
with the Sth1 component of the chromatin remodeling complex RSC and mediates its association with
RNA pol II. Our data suggest that Bud27, in addition
of contributing to Rpb5 folding within the RNA polymerases, also participates in the correct assembly of
other chromatin-associated protein complexes, such
as RSC, thereby modulating their activit
Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted Virus Formation by Means of the Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Genome
Oncolytic adenoviruses are a therapeutic alternative to treat cancer based on their ability to replicate selectively in tumor cells. However, their use is limited mainly by the neutralizing antibody (Nab) immune response that prevents repeated dosing. An alternative to facilitate the DNA access to the tumor even in the presence of anti-viral Nabs could be gold nanoparticles able to transfer DNA molecules. However, the ability of these nanoparticles to carry large DNA molecules, such as an oncolytic adenovirus genome, has not been studied. In this work, gold nanoparticles were functionalized with different amounts of polyethylenimine to transfer in a safe and efficient manner a large oncolytic virus genome. Their transfer efficacy and final effect of the oncolytic virus in cancer cells are studied. For each synthesized nanoparticle, (a) DNA loading capacity, (b) complex size, (c) DNA protection ability, (d) transfection efficacy and (e) cytotoxic effect were studied. We observed that small gold nanoparticles (70-80 nm in diameter) protected DNA against nucleases and were able to transfect the ICOVIR-15 oncolytic virus genome encoded in pLR1 plasmid. In the present work, efficient transgene RNA expression, luciferase activity and viral cytopathic effect on cancer cells are reported. These results suggest gold nanoparticles to be an efficient and safe vector for oncolytic adenovirus genome transfer
Planta de producció d'àcid fòrmic
L'objectiu d'aquest projecte és el disseny d'una planta química que produeixi 75.000 tones a l'any d'àcid fòrmic al 90% de puresa
Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of SPALINET- the SPAnish LIdar NETwork: methodology and results
A group of eight Spanish lidars was formed in order to extend the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network-Advanced Sustainable Observation System (EARLINET-ASOS) project. This study presents intercomparisons at the hardware and software levels. Results of the system intercomparisons are based on range-square-corrected signals in cases where the lidars viewed the same atmospheres. Comparisons were also made for aerosol backscatter coefficients at 1064 nm (2 systems) and 532 nm (all systems), and for extinction coefficients at 532 nm (2 systems). In total, three field campaigns were carried out between 2006 and 2007. Comparisons were limited to the highest layer found before the free troposphere, i.e., either the atmospheric boundary layer or the aerosol layer just above it. Some groups did not pass the quality assurance criterion on the first attempt. Following modification and improvement to these systems, all systems met the quality criterion. The backscatter algorithm intercomparison consisted of processing lidar signal profiles simulated for two types of atmospheric conditions. Three stages with increasing knowledge of the input parameters were considered. The results showed that all algorithms work well when all inputs are known. They also showed the necessity to perform, when possible, additional measurements to attain better estimation of the lidar ratio, which is the most critical unknown in the elastic lidar inversion
Abdominal obesity and dsyglycemia are risk factors for liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD subjects : A population-based study
To investigate longitudinal changes in the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the general adult population without known liver disease and to describe its association with metabolic risk factors, with a special focus on subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dysglycemia. A longitudinal adult population-based cohort study was conducted in Catalonia. LSM was measured by transient elastography (TE) at baseline and follow-up (median: 4.2 years). Subgroup with NAFLD and dysglycemia were analyzed. Moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis was defined as LSM ≥8.0 kPa and LSM ≥9.2 kPa respectively. Among 1.478 subjects evaluated, the cumulative incidence of LSM ≥8.0 kPa and ≥9.2 kPa at follow-up was 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively. This incidence was higher in NAFLD (7.1% for LSM ≥8.0 kPa and 5% for LSM ≥9.2 kPa) and dysglycemia (6.2% for LSM ≥8.0 kPa and 4.7% for LSM ≥9.2 kPa) subgroups. In the global cohort, the multivariate analyses showed that dysglycemia, abdominal obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia were significantly associated with progression to moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis. Female sex was negatively associated. In subjects with NAFLD, abdominal obesity and dysglycemia were associated with changes in LSM to ≥8.0 kPa and ≥9.2 kPa at follow-up. A decline in LSM value to <8 kPa was observed in 64% of those subjects with a baseline LSM ≥8.0 kPa. In this population study, the presence of abdominal obesity and dysglycemia were the main risk metabolic factors associated with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis development over time in general populations as well as in subjects with NAFLD
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