A modular approach for assessing the effect of radiation environments on man in operational systems. The radiobiological vulnerability of man during task performance

A modular approach for assessing the affects of radiation environments on man in operational systems has been developed. The feasibility of the model has been proved and the practicality has been assessed. It has been applied to one operational system to date and information obtained has been submitted to systems analysts and mission planners for the assessment of man's vulnerability and impact on systems survivability. In addition, the model has been developed so that the radiobiological data can be input to a sophisticated man-machine interface model to properly relate the radiobiological stress with other mission stresses including the effects of a degraded system

Mapping loci for chlorosis associated with chlorophyII b deficiency in potato

About 30% of the potato plants from a (Solanum tuberosum × S. berthaultii) × S. tuberosum backcross population had chlorotic, malformed leaves; but a gradation in symptom severity suggested regulation by more than one gene. The study was undertaken to determine whether this was the case, whether any genes previously reported to control chlorosis in potato were involved, and to see how symptoms were related to effects on chlorophyll content. Testing for quantitative trait loci indicated major control by a single recessive gene on chromosome 1, close to one or more loci that have been reported to produce chlorosis in tomato, but distinct from similar genes previously identified in potato. The proposed symbol for the potato gene that confers phenotype with chlorotic and malformed leaves is cml (chlorotic and malformed leaves). The effects of this gene appeared to be accentuated by a second gene, located on chromosome 12. Chlorotic plants showed a 50% decrease in chlorophyll b level in the affected parts of leaves. It is concluded that cml is different from previously reported genes for chlorosis in potato, that at least one other gene modifies the intensity of symptom expression, and that the observed chlorosis is produced through effects on chlorophyll b level

Children's sleepiness facilitates the effect of vicarious learning on the development of fear

A substantial body of research demonstrates the importance of sleep for emotional processing and learning, as well as the association between sleep problems and heightened anxiety. However, there is currently no research exploring the impact of sleepiness on vicariously learned fear responses. Experiment 1 (N = 38) first demonstrated no effect of trait or state sleepiness on children’s (aged 7-11 years) subjective ratings of fear. Experiments 2 (N=42) and 3 (N=46) used an established vicarious learning paradigm to demonstrate that trait sleepiness facilitated vicariously acquired avoidance preferences for animals paired with fearful faces (fear-paired animals), while state sleepiness facilitated children’s fear cognitions and attentional bias towards fear-paired animals. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of state and trait sleepiness on moderating vicarious fear learning in children

Client Preferences for Counselor Characteristics: Attitudes Towards Handicapped

The objective of this research was to constructively replicate the research of Brabham and Thoreson (1973) and Mitchell and Frederickson (1975) that led to the conclusion that handicapped counselors are preferred. Subjects were 337 male and female volunteers enrolled in psychology 101 which was taught during the Fall Quarter, 1984, at Utah State University. All subjects were asked to indicate their preference when considering 20 hypothetical problem situations for one counselor from among six photographs of handicapped and non-handicapped counselors. The 20 situations consisted of three types (personal, vocational, and educational). Each subject\u27s score was the total number of times that the subject selected a handicapped counselor. T-tests for independent means were conducted to determined whether or not the group had a statistically significant preference for either handicapped or non-handicapped counselor when the subjects were considering all problems together and when subjects were considering specific problem types. Results indicate that subjects have no significant preference for either handicapped or non-handicapped counselor when all problems were considered. For Personal problems subjects preferred handicapped counselors. For vocational problems subjects preferred non-handicapped counselors. For educational problems subjects had no statistical significant preference. Interpretation of the results suggested preference for a handicapped or non-handicapped counselor is differentially affected by the problem type. It was recommended that much research remains to measure the magnitude of these preferences and the influence of these preferences on the process and outcome of therapy

The ‘manifestation’ of social rights and the marginalisation of the European Social Charter in the United Kingdom

This article is concerned with the United Kingdom and the Social Charter.  It examines the ratification of the Charter, the acceptance of Charter provisions, and compliance with these latter obligations.  The paper considers the role of the domestic courts as well as the European Court of Human Rights in the enforcement of Charter obligations, whether directly or indirectly. The implications of the post Brexit EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement which imposes duties on both parties to comply with accepted Social Charter measures are also addressed.  Following an account of the potential role for parliamentary scrutiny in monitoring compliance with the Charter, the paper concludes with a bleak assessment of low levels of compliance by successive British governments and ineffective methods of enforcement in domestic law. This article is concerned with the United Kingdom and the Social Charter.  It examines the ratification of the Charter, the acceptance of Charter provisions, and compliance with these latter obligations.  The paper considers the role of the domestic courts as well as the European Court of Human Rights in the enforcement of Charter obligations, whether directly or indirectly. The implications of the post Brexit EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement which imposes duties on both parties to comply with accepted Social Charter measures are also addressed.  Following an account of the potential role for parliamentary scrutiny in monitoring compliance with the Charter, the paper concludes with a bleak assessment of low levels of compliance by successive British governments and ineffective methods of enforcement in domestic law.

Results from the Apollo passive seismic experiment

Recent results from the Apollo seismic network suggest that primitive differentiation occurred in the outer shell of the moon to a depth of approximately 300 km; and the central region of the moon is presently molten to a radius of between 200 and 300 km. If early melting to a depth of 300 to 400 km was a consequence of accretional energy, very short accretion times are required. The best model for the zone of original differentiation appears to be a crust 40 to 80 km thick, ranging in composition from anorthositic gabbro to gabbro; overlying an ultramafic cumulate (olivine-pyroxene) about 250 km thick. The best candidate for the molten core appears to be iron or iron sulphide. A new class of seismic signals has recently been identified that may correspond to shallow moonquakes. These are rare, but much more energetic than the more numerous, deep moonquakes