13 research outputs found
The influence of selected environmental factors on the time of natural menopause in women living in the Malopolskie voivodeship
The role of nuclear (ER) and membrane (GPR30) estrogen recetors as well as aromatase in regulation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) immune response
Influence of chosen environmental factors on age of menopause of women in the region of Ma艂opolska
Cel: G艂贸wnym celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie, kt贸re z wybranych czynnik贸w 艣rodowiskowych r贸偶nicuj膮 wiek menopauzy kobiet w wojew贸dztwie ma艂opolskim a tak偶e kt贸re z nich wp艂ywaj膮 na ten fakt w najwi臋kszym stopniu. Po艣rednim celem jest przeanalizowanie wybranych grup czynnik贸w kt贸re, mog膮 r贸偶nicowa膰 wiek menopauzy.Metody: Podstawy empiryczne pracy obejmuj膮 materia艂 pobrany w wyniku przeprowadzenia na prze艂omie 2010 i 2011 roku bada艅 ankietowych na terenie Oddzia艂u Ginekologicznego Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego Uniwersytetu Jagiello艅skiego w Krakowie oraz szpitala im. L. Rydygiera w Krakowie a tak偶e na terenie Domu Spokojnej Staro艣ci w Olkuszu. W badaniu wzi臋艂y udzia艂 232 kobiety, w wieku od 43 do 92 lat, zamieszka艂e w wojew贸dztwie ma艂opolskim. Narz臋dziem badawczym wykorzystanym w pracy by艂 anonimowy kwestionariusz. W celu okre艣lenia wieku menopauzy badanych kobiet pos艂u偶ono si臋 metod膮 retrospektywn膮. Analizuj膮c natomiast zmienne kategoryzowane, wykorzystano jednoczynnikow膮 analiz臋 warjancji dla grup zmiennych o jednorodnych wariancjach, a tak偶e test Kruskala-Willisa, test wielokrotnych por贸wna艅 艣rednich rang oraz analiz臋 korelacji rang Spearmana dla grup zmiennych o zr贸偶nicowanych wariancjach. Ze wzgl臋du na agregatowy charakter badanych czynnik贸w analiz臋 poszerzono o metody wieloczynnikowe: MANOVA oraz analiz臋 regresji wielokrotnej. Wyniki: Wiek menopauzy uzale偶niony by艂 od sposobu, w jaki dosz艂o do wyga艣ni臋cia czynno艣ci hormonalnej jajnik贸w. W przypadku menopauzy naturalnej 艣redni wiek jej pojawienia wyni贸s艂 50,32 lata (s = 3,82). Z po艣r贸d czynnik贸w biologicznych jedynie d艂ugo艣膰 okresu rozrodczego oraz wiek respondentek w momencie pierwszego porodu okaza艂y si臋 istotne dla wieku menopauzy naturalnej. Czynniki spo艂eczno ekonomiczne nie mia艂y wp艂ywu na wiek menopauzy w badanej grupie. D艂ugi okres palenia, du偶e dawki przyjmowanego alkoholu oraz rozpocz臋cie na艂ogu tytoniowego w p贸藕niejszym wieku zwi臋ksza艂y ryzyko wcze艣niejszego pojawienia si臋 menopauzy naturalnej. Oddzia艂ywanie czynnik贸w 艣rodowiskowych na wiek menopauzy mia艂o charakter agregatowy. Cz臋sto艣膰 oraz ilo艣膰 z jak膮 spo偶ywany by艂 alkohol w po艂膮czeniu z wiekiem rozpocz臋cia na艂ogu tytoniowego wp艂ywa艂y na wiek menopauzy naturalnej. Czynnikiem kt贸ry w najwi臋kszym stopniu odpowiada艂 za wiek pojawienia si臋 menopauzy naturalnej w badanej grupie by艂a 艣rednia ilo艣膰 alkoholu spo偶ywanego w ci膮gu doby.Objective: The main purpose of the dissertation is searching which of the chosen environmental factors distinguish the age of menopause of the women living in Ma艂opolska region and which of them affect this fact in the most degree. The intermediate objective is to analyze selected groups of factors which can distinguish the age of menopause.Methods: Empirical research contain material collected as a result of the survey which was conducted in Gynecological ward of University Hospital of Jagiellonian University in Cracow as well as in L. Rydygier鈥檚 Hospital in Cracow and in the Old People鈥檚 Home in Olkusz. Two hundred and thirty-two women were investigated, all of them aged between 43 and 92 years of age living in the Ma艂opolska region. The research was conducted on the basis of an anonymous questionnaire. To estimate the age of the menopause in the investigated group the retrospective method was used. During Analyzing categorized variables the One-way analysis of variance was employed for the group of variables of homogeneous variation and Kruskal-Willis鈥檚 test, the multiple comparisons test of mean ranks and the Spearman rank correlation was employed for the group of variables of heterogeneous variation. In view of aggregate character of the variables in questions the analyze was extended with multifactor methods: MANOVA and multiple regression analysis.Results: The age of menopause depended on the way of extinction of ovary hormonal activity. The main age of the natural menopause was 50,32 age of year (s = 3,82). From the biological factors only the length of the reproductive period and age at the time of first birth turned out to be associated with age of natural menopause. No association emerged between socio-economic factors and age at the menopause. Long smoking term and high dose of alcohol increased risk of the earlier natural menopause. Also commence the tobacco addiction late in life caused the earlier menopause. Association between the environmental factors and the age of natural menopause had complex character. Frequency and quantity of the alcohol intake in combination of the age of commence the tobacco addiction influenced on age of the natural menopause. The factor responsible for the age of natural menopause in the most degree was the main quantity of alcohol consumed per day. The alcohol in dose not exceeded 250 millilitre per day influence on extension of the age of natural menopause while the higher dose affect on reduction of this age
The influence of selected environmental factors on the time of natural menopause in women living in the Ma艂opolskie voivodeship
Estrogen-dependent seasonal adaptations in the immune response of fish
Clinical and experimental evidence shows that estrogens affect immunity in mammals. Less is known about this interaction in the evolutionary older, non-mammalian, vertebrates. Fish form an excellent model to identify evolutionary conserved neuroendocrine-immune interactions: i) they are the earliest vertebrates with fully developed innate and adaptive immunity, ii) immune and endocrine parameters vary with season, and iii) physiology is constantly disrupted by increasing contamination of the aquatic environment.Neuro-immuno-endocrine interactions enable adaption to changing internal and external environment and are based on shared signaling molecules and receptors. The presence of specific estrogen receptors on/in fish leukocytes, implies direct estrogen-mediated immunoregulation. Fish leukocytes most probably are also capable to produce estrogens as they express the . cyp19a and . cyp19b - genes, encoding aromatase cytochrome P450, the enzyme critical for conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens.Immunoregulatory actions of estrogens, vary among animal species, and also with dose, target cell type, or physiological condition (e.g., infected/non-infected, reproductive status). They moreover are multifaceted. Interestingly, season-dependent changes in immune status correlate with changes in the levels of circulating sex hormones. Whereas E2 circulating in the bloodstream is perhaps the most likely candidate to be the physiological mediator of systemic immune-reproductive trade-offs, leukocyte-derived hormones are hypothesized to be mainly involved in local tuning of the immune response. Contamination of the aquatic environment with estrogenic EDCs may violate the delicate and precise allostatic interactions between the endogenous estrogen system and the immune system. This has negative effects on fish health, but will also affect the physiology of its consumers.</p
A role for melatonin in maintaining the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance by influencing leukocyte migration and apoptosis in carp
A role for multiple estrogen receptors in immune regulation of common carp
Estrogens are important for bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune interaction. They act via nuclear estrogen receptors (ER伪 and ER尾) and/or G-protein coupled receptor - GPR30.We found expression of ER伪, ER尾 and GPR30 in carp lymphoid tissues and head kidney monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Interestingly, ER尾 is also expressed in some head kidney lymphocytes but not in naive PBLs. Immune stimulation altered the cell type specific profile of expression of these receptors, which depends on both activation and maturation stage.This implies direct leukocyte responsiveness to estrogen stimulation and therefore in vitro effects of 17尾-estradiol (E2) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in monocytes/macrophages were determined. Short-time incubation with E2 increased ROS production in PMA-stimulated cells. Results comply with mediation by GPR30, partially functioning via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.These results furthermore demonstrate that neuroendocrine-immune communication via estrogen receptors is evolutionary conserved.</p
Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity
After the pertussis vaccine had been introduced in the 1940s and was shown to be very successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the possibility of improving both vaccine composition and vaccination schedules has become the subject of continuous interest. As a result, we are witnessing a considerable heterogeneity in pertussis vaccination policies, which remains beyond universal consensus. Many pertussis-related deaths still occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, these deaths are attributable to gaps in vaccination coverage and limited access to healthcare in these countries, rather than to the poor efficacy of the first generation of pertussis vaccine consisting in inactivated and detoxified whole cell pathogen (wP). In many, particularly high-income countries, a switch was made in the 1990s to the use of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, to reduce the rate of post-vaccination adverse events and thereby achieve a higher percentage of children vaccinated. However the epidemiological data collected over the past few decades, even in those high-income countries, show an increase in pertussis prevalence and morbidity rates, triggering a wide-ranging debate on the causes of pertussis resurgence and the effectiveness of current pertussis prevention strategies, as well as on the efficacy of available pertussis vaccines and immunization schedules. The current article presents a systematic review of scientific reports on the evaluation of the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, in the context of long-term immunity and vaccines efficacy
A role for multiple estrogen receptors in immune regulation of common carp.
Estrogens are important for bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune interaction. They act via nuclear estrogen receptors (ER伪 and ER尾) and/or G-protein coupled receptor - GPR30. We found expression of ER伪, ER尾 and GPR30 in carp lymphoid tissues and head kidney monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Interestingly, ER尾 is also expressed in聽some head kidney lymphocytes but not in naive PBLs. Immune stimulation altered the cell type specific profile of expression of these receptors, which depends on both activation and maturation stage. This implies direct leukocyte responsiveness to estrogen stimulation and therefore in聽vitro effects of 17尾-estradiol (E2) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in monocytes/macrophages were determined. Short-time incubation with E2 increased ROS production in PMA-stimulated cells. Results comply with mediation by GPR30, partially functioning via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. These results furthermore demonstrate that neuroendocrine-immune communication via estrogen receptors is evolutionary conserved