Retoryczność porównania

The paper discusses comparison as a transsemiotic and trans-medial structure of thinking and as a rhetorical figure. It presents epistemological, ontological, axiological and persuasive aspects of this figure, and analyzes the functions it fulfils. As a tool and a method of researching, ordering, and assessing texts, comparison lies at the heart of the development of the humanities. Comparison is also the essential element of forms of interpretation, especially of linguistic, semiotic and medial translations. It makes possible to recognize allusions, paraphrases, adaptations, pastiches, parodies, stylizations, plagiarisms, and forgeries. The rhetorical nature of comparison is particularly visible in comparative interpretations, which emphasize some aspects and neglect others. Advertising and political persuasion exploit persuasive and manipulative functions of comparison.Artykuł charakteryzuje porównanie jako ponadsemiotyczną i ponadmedialną strukturę myślenia oraz narzędzie retoryczne. Wskazuje na wielofunkcyjność i wszechobecność porównania. Ukazuje jego wymiar epistemologiczny, aksjologiczny, ontologiczny i perswazyjny. Jako sposób poznawania, porządkowania, wartościowania porównanie leży u podstaw rozwoju dyskursu nauki. Jest koniecznym elementem każdej interpretacji, ponieważ wpisany w nią jest wymóg kontekstualizacji. Przykładu dostarcza tu przekład językowy, semiotyczny, medialny. Porównanie umożliwia rozpoznanie wszelkich działań intertekstualnych: aluzji, parafrazy, adaptacji, stylizacji, parodii, pastiszu, falsyfikatu, plagiatu. Retoryczność porównania ujawnia się zwłaszcza w interpretacji porównawczej, która wydobywa wybrane aspekty, odsuwając na drugi plan inne. Funkcja perswazyjna i manipulacyjna porównania wykorzystywane są zwłaszcza w reklamie i propagandzie politycznej

The status of semiotics research in the era of digital culture

This article proves the need to develop semiotics research focused on digital text, whose basic unit is the digital sign and which differs from other signs in its nature and structure. The changes that have taken place in the structure of the sign result in changes in the sphere of text and discourse. In turn, these mean that research in semiotics, stylistics, poetology, rhetoric and aesthetics (with mutual awareness of how they interact, exert an influence and interlock) cannot be credible without taking account of and updating semiotics research. The article puts forward the thesis that the development in the forms of sign-organisation of the message, new ways of using textualis, the significant contribution of representational layer in shaping textual structure and the communicative situation all lead to the crystallisation of semiopoetics. Examples of its categories and research problems are kinetic figures (adjection, reduction, permutation, transformation, atomisation); functional homonyms; new ways of versification and narration. Discovering the sphere of semiopoetics allows one not only to reflect on newly established models of semiotics, or update poetics, but also to take a new look at texts produced using past technologies and notice previously overlooked aspects.This article proves the need to develop semiotics research focused on digital text, whose basic unit is the digital sign and which differs from other signs in its nature and structure. The changes that have taken place in the structure of the sign result in changes in the sphere of text and discourse. In turn, these mean that research in semiotics, stylistics, poetology, rhetoric and aesthetics (with mutual awareness of how they interact, exert an influence and interlock) cannot be credible without taking account of and updating semiotics research. The article puts forward the thesis that the development in the forms of sign-organisation of the message, new ways of using textualis, the significant contribution of representational layer in shaping textual structure and the communicative situation all lead to the crystallisation of semiopoetics. Examples of its categories and research problems are kinetic figures (adjection, reduction, permutation, transformation, atomisation); functional homonyms; new ways of versification and narration. Discovering the sphere of semiopoetics allows one not only to reflect on newly established models of semiotics, or update poetics, but also to take a new look at texts produced using past technologies and notice previously overlooked aspects

Literate Existence in the Digital Space. Contemporary Traces of Identity

The aim of this study is to present how the development of writing technology influences writing itself. In this paper the analysis is focused on mechanisms of reinterpretation of writing and reading in digital space, in other words, the change in experience of text. To summarize, modern media techniques make reading become writing, when writing becomes clicking (an action taken upon the texture), and clicking becomes the experience of text. Another goal is to present a special role of the texture as the tool of text’s creation as well as the place of cohesion. The importance of semiotic tissue of digital text, especially in the case of digital art, is visible in the formation of intratextual relations. These relations are created in the process of working one element of texture onto another, which allow them to play an important role in the creation of textual meaning.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Literate Existence in the Digital Space. Contemporary Traces of Identity

The aim of this study is to present how the development of writing technology influences writing itself. In this paper the analysis is focused on mechanisms of reinterpretation of writing and reading in digital space, in other words, the change in experience of text. To summarize, modern media techniques make reading become writing, when writing becomes clicking (an action taken upon the texture), and clicking becomes the experience of text. Another goal is to present a special role of the texture as the tool of text’s creation as well as the place of cohesion. The importance of semiotic tissue of digital text, especially in the case of digital art, is visible in the formation of intratextual relations. These relations are created in the process of working one element of texture onto another, which allow them to play an important role in the creation of textual meaning

On creative border crossing. Transformations and representations in art

The paper analyzes the thesis that constantly transgressing boundaries in art is a fundamental principle and essential condition for artistic progress. Crossing external (the art – other discourses) and internal (between various art genres) boundaries is analyzed on the basis of transformations (especially adaptation) and representations. Dialogue relations initialized by art crossing the boundaries are analyzed as well: reinterpretations, polemics, extensions and supplementations. There is also a discussion of the ways in which semiotic and media boundaries are trangressed, especially the semiotic and media borders that are essential for the semiotic sphere of one artistic genre for the semiotic and media sphere of the other. The article refers to examples taken from literature, film, sculpture and painting.The paper analyzes the thesis that constantly transgressing boundaries in art is a fundamental principle and essential condition for artistic progress. Crossing external (the art – other discourses) and internal (between various art genres) boundaries is analyzed on the basis of transformations (especially adaptation) and representations. Dialogue relations initialized by art crossing the boundaries are analyzed as well: reinterpretations, polemics, extensions and supplementations. There is also a discussion of the ways in which semiotic and media boundaries are trangressed, especially the semiotic and media borders that are essential for the semiotic sphere of one artistic genre for the semiotic and media sphere of the other. The article refers to examples taken from literature, film, sculpture and painting

Semiotyczne aspekty przekazu digitalnego. U podstaw literatury cyfrowej

This paper focuses on the influence of the semiotic organization of the digital message on the creation of aesthetic meanings in digital art. It presents  modifications in the sphere of text presen-tation and focuses on functions that it play in creation of literary meanings. Moving, sound created, changing shape and color texture is the place of creation of meanings as well as the inter- action of the semantic of the texture and the semantic of words. New digital tools, e.g. program-ming, the interface are important part of new semiotic code that shapes literature (e.g. linking facilitates the creation of new forms of plots, the interface is a part of literary discourse, the cursor is both the medium of meanings and the tool of text working). The paper concludes that digital technologies redefine the ontology of the literary text and art discourse

Transdisciplinarity – rhetoric – digitization. Towards trans-domain texts and a structural explosion

The article analyses the agency of transgression and transcendence at the domain level. It characterizes the specificity of this process and points to factors that influence its intensification (especially the development of digital technologies). The text presents the effects of this process – the impact on the way cultural texts and their structures exist. The article examines the rhetorical dimension of a trans-disciplinary nature, the effect of which is the creation of trans-disciplinary texts. It proves the thesis that in the interaction between disciplines a structural explosion takes place, which leads to the creation of new textual figures and structures and the formation of new types of texts. These issues are illustrated using specific examples of trans-disciplinary texts.The article analyses the agency of transgression and transcendence at the domain level. It characterizes the specificity of this process and points to factors that influence its intensification (especially the development of digital technologies). The text presents the effects of this process – the impact on the way cultural texts and their structures exist. The article examines the rhetorical dimension of a trans-disciplinary nature, the effect of which is the creation of trans-disciplinary texts. It proves the thesis that in the interaction between disciplines a structural explosion takes place, which leads to the creation of new textual figures and structures and the formation of new types of texts. These issues are illustrated using specific examples of trans-disciplinary texts

Poetics in the Age of Convergence

The aim of the study is to present changes in the structure of text (its structure and ways of creation, figures in particular) in digital discourse. The identity of digital communication is supported by existing signs, texts, and discourses; and how it develops in the process of their adaptation and reinterpretation. The Internet seems to be a really good space in which different discourses become alike. This process results in the creation of new poetics of text and discourse. Digital media modifies rhetorical figures (especially the ontology and functions of those figures), it cancel figures existing in traditional texts (for example, inversion is invalidated because no determined way of reading the text exists), and it creates new ones. In digital discourse words and icons have a multifunctional nature (meaning-making,linking, acting, marking, and signalling the sender’s emotions). Traditional textual forms, which differ semiotically and medially, are combined and transformed, so that the boundaries between forms of expression are blurred.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Poetics in the Era of Convergence

The aim of the study is to present changes in structure of a text (its structure, ways of creation, especially figures) in a digital discourse. The identity of digital communication is thus premised upon existing signs, texts, and discourses; and it develops in the process of their adaptation and reinterpretation. Internet seems to be a really good space to make different discourses alike. The creation of new poetics of text and discourse is the result of this process. Digital media modify rhetorical figures (especially ontology and functions of those figures), cancel figures existing in traditional texts (for example inversion is invalidated because no determined way of reading the text exists), and create new ones. In digital discourse words and icons have multifunctional nature (functions of meanings’ creation, linking, acting, marking, signaling sender’s emotions). Traditional textual forms, which differ semiotically and medially are combined and transform, so the borders between forms of expression are blurred

Wstęp

We współczesnych badaniach teatralnych przekonanie o dynamicznej, pełnej napięcia relacji tekst – scena funkcjonuje jako pewnik nie wymagający w zasadzie rozbudowanych uzasadnień naukowych. Różnorodność działań podejmowanych w obszarze dzisiejszych praktyk scenicznych, w tym zwłaszcza istotne przemiany w sposobie używania słowa w przedstawieniu, zachęcają jednak do ponownego stawiania pytań o korelację wielu tworzyw w najnowszych sztukach widowiskowych, a także o charakter komunikacji teatralnej warunkowanej zdarzeniowym i heterogenicznym wymiarem przekazu artystycznego (Fragment tekstu)