Perspectives from religious studys in soccer

This qualitative study examines if an interest in soccer can give the same meaningful experiences in a person's life as a religion would. Five soccer fans were interviewed regarding the meanings and impact of soccer in their lives. Two theories in the fields of sport and religion were used to analyze the data: Antonovsky's sense of coherence (SOC) with its components meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility and Heelas and Woodheads "life-as" and "the subjective-life” derived from the concept "the subjective turn". It was concluded that the interest in soccer affected the respondents’ views of life. The respondents’ personal identities were strongly associated with group membership, meaning that their interest in common with others was perceived to make everyday life meaningful and manageable. It was also concluded that an interest in soccer, like religion, could fulfil certain functions in a person's life but not answer questions about, for example, life after death or the existence of God. The study is based on an educational point of view and discusses the implications the study may have on learning situations

Utveckling av återkopplad motormodul för styrning av mätantenn : En fallstudie hos företaget Combitech AB

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka vilket motoralternativ som lämpar sig bäst för precis positionsstyrning av särskilda mätantenner, samt hur denna motor skall kunna drivas på ett funktionellt vis. Huvudresultatet som vill uppnås genom detta projekt är en generell motormodul kapabel att styra antennernas olika dimensioner utifrån användarens kommando genom seriell kommunikation från en PC. Studien har genomförts i samarbete med företaget Combitech AB

Utveckling av återkopplad motormodul för styrning av mätantenn : En fallstudie hos företaget Combitech AB

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka vilket motoralternativ som lämpar sig bäst för precis positionsstyrning av särskilda mätantenner, samt hur denna motor skall kunna drivas på ett funktionellt vis. Huvudresultatet som vill uppnås genom detta projekt är en generell motormodul kapabel att styra antennernas olika dimensioner utifrån användarens kommando genom seriell kommunikation från en PC. Studien har genomförts i samarbete med företaget Combitech AB

Engineering analysis report – Eco-Island ferry

ISBN 978-91-88001-34-4</p

Fire risk assessment of alternative ship design

The procedure to evaluate fire safety of alternative ship design solutions, described in MSC/Circ.1002, has been found insufficient for novel and large scopes. In this paper, it is analysed with regards to function and applicability as a risk-based assessment procedure. Deficiencies are addressed based on risk assessment research and involvement in over a dozen performed assessments. Clarified are inconsistencies in the fire safety regulations, which must be considered particularly during identification of hazards. It is also suggested that affected safety functions are evaluated separately if possible and that the assessment sophistication is adapted to the scope of introduced hazards; four levels to perform parts of or the whole assessment are proposed

Assessing Fire Safety in Maritime Composite Superstructures –- A Risk-Based Approach

Reduced weight and maintenance make it advantageous to replace steel with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites in maritime applications, but being combustible makes fire safety a burning issue. A new methodology in regulations has opened up for innovative design solutions if they can be regarded as safe as a design complying with all prescriptive requirements. However, an uneven safety level in regulations and unclear connections with objectives and functional requirements make it problematic to distinguish the level of fire safety in prescriptive requirements. This report provides an approach to clarify effects to the implicit fire safety when implementing an FRP composite superstructure to a passenger ship. FRP composites were considered with thermal insulation as a basic requirement for all interior surfaces, which keeps it thermally insulated for 60 minutes in case of fire. In order to establish how this conceptual design affects the prescribed level of fire safety, five qualitative analyses were performed, investigating (1) the fire safety regulations, (2) the fire safety objectives and functional require- ments, (3) the fire safety structure, (4) the fire safety properties and (5) the fire development. The analyses showed on possible improved containment of fire and enhanced evacuation conditions within the first 60 minutes of a fire in the novel structure. After 60 minutes there may, however, be negative effects necessary to consider, such as an increased production of toxic smoke. Furthermore, if exterior surfaces are considered in the design, these will need special attention since they are combustible and outside the scope of current regulations. With the verification needs established, the report presents a risk- based approach to assess the fire safety in FRP composite designs. It consists of a risk analysis process in line with the methodology required when deviating from prescriptive fire safety requirements. It considers the previously revealed effects to fire safety and is adaptable to the intended scope of the novel design

proFLASH: Methanol fire detection and extinguishment : SP Rapport 2017:22

Stricter emission requirements have led to ship operation on low flashpoint fuels, such as liquefied natural gas and methanol. These differ in many ways from traditional fuels (e.g. heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil), but requirements and guidelines for fire detection and extinguishment have been sparse. This was addressed in the proFLASH project, first theoretically and then experimentally. This report documents the experimental part of the project, focusing on methanol, and gives technical guidance for fire detection and extinguishing systems. It was for example concluded that methanol flames exhibit similar radiation to ethanol in the IR spectrum, despite limited observability in the visual spectrum. Approved IR flame detectors (tested against ethanol) are thereby likely suitable to detect methanol fire; tested detectors could even detect fully obstructed methanol fire. The design concentration of carbon dioxide gas fire-extinguishing systems should be increased from 40 % to 55 % to achieve the same safety margin for methanol as for traditional fuels. The primary extinguishing mechanism of a water-based fire-extinguishing system used against methanol is dilution, but almost 90 % water may be necessary for extinguishment. Furthermore, dilution makes the methanol flames increasingly invisible. It is recommended to use alcohol resistant foam injection with fixed water-based extinguishing systems, since this significantly reduces the time required for extinguishment. The effectiveness of the system depends on the foam/water application rate. Hence, a higher discharge rate is more effective and a concealed pool is difficult to extinguish. In different compartment fire test scenarios, water-spray with foam injection was more effective against methanol than water-spray without foam against standardized fuels. High and low pressure water mist performed better than water spray against standardized fuels but worse against methanol (with foam injection).proFLAS

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flows of Physiological Relevance

Pulsatile flows in geometries of physiological relevance have been investigated. Atherosclerotic plaques are (initiated) near junctions and bifurcations in larger arteries. The flow in these regions is characterized by flow separation and unsteadiness, which indicates that local flow conditions contribute to atherogenesis. Flows in curved and bifurcating pipes have been investigated over many years. However, details of dynamical patterns of pulsating flow, near wall effects, and differential diffusion effects are not well documented. The effect of wall elasticity on the flow has been assumed to be small but no quatification data exist. There are same basic difficulties in studying physiological flow: The geometries have large inter-individual variations. The mechanical properties of the vessels are unknown. Equally, the boundary conditions (temporal and spatial distribution of the blood velocity) are not know. Additional difficulties arise due to measuring difficulties both in-vivo and in-vitro. The flow itself may be rather complex (time-dependent 3-D, transitional with locally strong effects of viscosity and unsteadiness, leading to variable phase lag between pressure gradient and the local flow). The aim of this study is to enhance understanding of the time-dependent, physiologically relevant, flow field in bifurcations, and relate that to hypotheses of atherosclerotic disease. Additionally, an FSI-model has been developed with the purpose to model flow through elastic pipes, and to assess the effect of wall elasticity on the flow. The investigations have shown clear patterns of wall shear stress (WSS) variations. Local regions of temporal and spatial variations of the WSS was found at sites usually referred to as risk-sites of atherosclerosis, but also at locations often referred to as ``safe''. Some of the characteristics of the WSS are further related to changes in the secondary flow field. The secondary flow shows similar characteristics for an increased Reynolds number, although unsteady asymmetric patterns appear at peak flow, while a large Womersley number shows more simple secondary flow structures. It is also shown that the effects of upstream geometrical variations on the flow field itself, are important mainly over one stage of arterial bifurcation. On the other hand, blood components (modeled as passive scalars with different values of Schmidt numbers) do exhibit upstream effects over a longer range.An important finding is that Schmidt number effects may lead to redistribution of the different scalars. The variations in the concentrations of the scalars are of the same order as the local concentration themselves. The FSI-model developed combines an Immersed Boundary-Finite Difference code with a shell model for the arterial wall. The shell model is solved on a (surface 2D) using a Finite Element Method (FEM) code. The structural solver is verified against an analytical expression for bending of a thin-walled pipe. The studies with respect to the importance of arterial wall elasticity on the flow, are not yet completed