The use of media in language teaching

Multilingual teaching and the promotion of multilingualism among students are important principles of the University of Luxembourg. For their implementation, a variety of e-learning resources are used, adapted to the needs of the learners. We will give an overview of new multimodal communication practices and methods used by learners in multilingual contexts which naturally lead teachers to rethink their approach and incorporate media into their teaching strategies. The hybrid nature of devices (computers, tablets, televisions, smartphones, paper, interactive whiteboards, etc.) and digital tools (document sharing platforms, online correction tools, interactive exercises, online learning programmes, dictionaries, video editing software, automatic pronunciation correction, etc.) offer a great potential to interactive and mobile teaching and learning. We will illustrate this potential by giving an example of how to develop text production competence in Chinese as a foreign language in a motivating way using the content management system Moodle. Our reflection aims at optimising the quality of language teaching both in and out of the classroom

Alien Hand, Restless Brain: Salience Network and Interhemispheric Connectivity Disruption Parallel Emergence and Extinction of Diagonistic Dyspraxia

International audienceDiagonistic dyspraxia (DD) is by far the most spectacular manifestation reported by sufferers of acute corpus callosum (CC) injury (so-called "split-brain"). In this form of alien hand syndrome, one hand acts at cross purposes with the other "against the patient's will". Although recent models view DD as a disorder of motor control, there is still little information regarding its neural underpinnings, due to widespread connectivity changes produced by CC insult, and the obstacle that non-volitional movements represent for task-based functional neuroimaging studies. Here, we studied patient AM, the first report of DD in patient with complete developmental CC agenesis. This unique case also offers the opportunity to study the resting-state connectomics of DD in the absence of diffuse changes subsequent to CC injury or surgery. AM developed DD following status epilepticus (SE) which resolved over a 2-year period. Whole brain functional connectivity (FC) was compared (Crawford-Howell [CH]) to 16 controls during the period of acute DD symptoms (Time 1) and after remission (Time 2). Whole brain graph theoretical models were also constructed and topological efficiency examined. At Time 1, disrupted FC was observed in inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric right edges, involving frontal superior and midline structures. Graph analysis indicated disruption of the efficiency of salience and right frontoparietal (FP) networks. At Time 2, after remission of diagnostic dyspraxia symptoms, FC and salience network changes had resolved. In sum, longitudinal analysis of connectivity in AM indicates that DD behaviors could result from disruption of systems that support the experience and control of volitional movements and the ability to generate appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli. This also raises the possibility that changes to large-scale functional architecture revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (rs-fMRI) may provide relevant information on the evolution of behavioral syndromes in addition to that provided by structural and task-based functional imaging

Camu-Camu Reduces Obesity and Improves Diabetic Profiles of Obese and Diabetic Mice : A Dose-Ranging Study

Overweight, obesity, and their comorbidities are currently considered a major public health concern. Today considerable efforts are still needed to develop efficient strategies able to attenuate the burden of these diseases. Nutritional interventions, some with plant extracts, present promising health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the action of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia), an Amazonian fruit rich in polyphenols and vitamin C, on the prevention of obesity and associated disorders in mice and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in both cecum and feces. Methods: We investigated the dose-response effects of Camu-Camu extract (CCE) in the context of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After 5 weeks of supplementation, we demonstrated that the two doses of CCE differently improved glucose and lipid homeostasis. The lowest CCE dose (62.5 mg/kg) preferentially decreased non-HDL cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA) and increased the abundance of A. muciniphila without affecting liver metabolism, while only the highest dose of CCE (200 mg/kg) prevented excessive body weight gain, fat mass gain, and hepatic steatosis. Both doses decreased fasting hyperglycemia induced by HFD. In conclusion, the use of plant extracts, and particularly CCE, may represent an additional option in the support of weight management strategies and glucose homeostasis alteration by mechanisms likely independent from the modulation of A. muciniphila abundance.Peer reviewe

Unconventional surface plasmon resonance signals reveal quantitative inhibition of transcriptional repressor EthR by synthetic ligands

International audienceEthR is a mycobacterial repressor that limits the bioactivation of ethionamide, a commonly used anti-tuberculosis second-line drug. Several efforts have been deployed to identify EthR inhibitors abolishing the DNA-binding activity of the repressor. This led to the demonstration that stimulating the bioactivation of ETH through EthR inhibition could be an alternative way to fight Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We propose a new SPR methodology to study the affinity between inhibitors and EthR. Interestingly, the binding between inhibitors and immobilized EthR produced a dose dependent negative SPR signal. We demonstrated that this signal reveals the affinity of the small molecules for the repressor. The affinity constants (KD) correlated with their capacity to inhibit the binding of EthR to DNA. We hypothesize that conformational changes of EthR during ligand interaction could be responsible for this SPR signal. Practically, this unconventional result open perspectives to the development of SPR assay that would at the same time tough on the structural changes of the target upon binding with an inhibitor and on the binding constant of this interaction

Randomized Controlled Ferret Study to Assess the Direct Impact of 2008–09 Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine on A(H1N1)pdm09 Disease Risk

During spring-summer 2009, several observational studies from Canada showed increased risk of medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 illness among prior recipients of 2008–09 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Explanatory hypotheses included direct and indirect vaccine effects. In a randomized placebo-controlled ferret study, we tested whether prior receipt of 2008–09 TIV may have directly influenced A(H1N1)pdm09 illness. Thirty-two ferrets (16/group) received 0.5 mL intra-muscular injections of the Canadian-manufactured, commercially-available, non-adjuvanted, split 2008–09 Fluviral or PBS placebo on days 0 and 28. On day 49 all animals were challenged (Ch0) with A(H1N1)pdm09. Four ferrets per group were randomly selected for sacrifice at day 5 post-challenge (Ch+5) and the rest followed until Ch+14. Sera were tested for antibody to vaccine antigens and A(H1N1)pdm09 by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralization (MN), nucleoprotein-based ELISA and HA1-based microarray assays. Clinical characteristics and nasal virus titers were recorded pre-challenge then post-challenge until sacrifice when lung virus titers, cytokines and inflammatory scores were determined. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups of influenza-naïve animals. Antibody rise to vaccine antigens was evident by ELISA and HA1-based microarray but not by HI or MN assays; virus challenge raised antibody to A(H1N1)pdm09 by all assays in both groups. Beginning at Ch+2, vaccinated animals experienced greater loss of appetite and weight than placebo animals, reaching the greatest between-group difference in weight loss relative to baseline at Ch+5 (7.4% vs. 5.2%; p = 0.01). At Ch+5 vaccinated animals had higher lung virus titers (log-mean 4.96 vs. 4.23pfu/mL, respectively; p = 0.01), lung inflammatory scores (5.8 vs. 2.1, respectively; p = 0.051) and cytokine levels (p>0.05). At Ch+14, both groups had recovered. Findings in influenza-naïve, systematically-infected ferrets may not replicate the human experience. While they cannot be considered conclusive to explain human observations, these ferret findings are consistent with direct, adverse effect of prior 2008–09 TIV receipt on A(H1N1)pdm09 illness. As such, they warrant further in-depth investigation and search for possible mechanistic explanations

Faire connaître et valoriser sa bibliothèque

Comment faire connaître sa bibliothèque, rendre lisible son offre, valoriser ses évolutions ? Quels outils utiliser ? Quelles compétences intégrer ? Quelle organisation mettre en place ? Ces questions s'imposent aujourd'hui aux professionnels qui doivent améliorer la notoriété de leurs établissements et faire évoluer leur image. Dans ce livre, la relation avec les publics est placée au cœur du processus de communication, tant pour le contact en direct, les échanges en ligne, que pour le soin apporté aux espaces, à la signalétique, et à la conception de documents. Construire un plan de communication, mener une campagne d'affichage, réinventer un guide du lecteur, reformuler le règlement intérieur, créer un avatar ou partir à la conquête d'un public spécifique sont autant d'actions qui demandent à la fois de bâtir une stratégie d'ensemble et de maîtriser des savoirs pratiques et concrets. Pour chacune des réalisations évoquées, un mode opératoire précis indique la méthode et les étapes à prendre en compte. Coordonné par Jean-Marc Vidal, conservateur à la bibliothèque municipale de Grenoble, cet ouvrage collectif, qui réunit bibliothécaires, graphiste, responsable de communication, sociologue, rend compte d'expériences multiples menées dans des bibliothèques publiques et universitaires. La communication avec les publics apparaît ainsi comme l'un des éléments révélateurs des transformations des bibliothèques