Bosquejos artísticos

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Contiene: Berruguete y la escultura castellana; El arte bizantino y Santa María de la Antigua ; Veneci

The challenge of poverty for the church in Zambia : a response to the effects of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)

Thesis (M.Th.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.The effects of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) that have been the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) prescribed economic reforms have accentuated poverty levels in Zambia. For the majority ofthe population, the Structural Adjustment Programmes have exacerbated poverty if not directly contributing to it. This paper argues that poverty has a historical aspect dating back to the colonial strategy of establishing and perpetuating rural-urban dual structures. The Zambian government upon attainment of independence continued this dual economic structure. The dualist approach favoured urban areas at the expense of rural areas in terms of social and economic development. To date it is estimated that 80% of Zambia's population of about ten million people (2000 Census) lives under conditions of abject poverty. The Zambian economy did well in the first ten years of independence (1964 -1974), but went on a continuous decline from that period to date. Both internal and external factors have contributed to the continuous steep decline ofthe economy and subsequent increase in poverty levels. Among efforts to turn round the economy, the Zambian government in cooperation with the IMF and World Bank embarked on the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP). President Kenneth Kaunda hesitatingly introduced the first SAP in 1981. The economic reforms, particularly the decontrol of prices and abolition of subsidies resulted in the increase of prices of foodstuffs leading to civil disobedience, violence, riots, looting and deaths in 1986. The SAP also contributed to income disparities. In 1991 when Frederick Chiluba won the presidency, he implemented the SAP fully. The implementation ofthe SAP meant the decontrol of prices and removal ofall forms of subsidies. The immediate effect was a rapid rise in prices and poverty levels. This paper argues that in the face of this poverty the involvement of the Church has not been as comprehensive as taught by the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Emphasis has r-emained on spiritual emancipation with little stress on material well-being. Equally there has not been participation in decision-making by the affected people as the government and the donor-community make most decisions without consulting the citizens. There also seems to have evolved a culture ofdependence on "handouts" or free things, and lack of good work ethics and standards. The improvement in the standards of life of the people may be realized if the Church through its prophetic ministry challenges global capitalism so that the powerful and rich western countries accept the New World Order that the Third World has been advocating for many years. The Church should also voice the fact that the Zambian politics and economic policies should not be motivated by profit making and individual gain but by a desire for hard work and fair distribution of the world and nation's wealth. It is further proposed that the best economic and development policies are those that sustain human life and bring a better life in every human community. This ideal may be fulfilled if the Church through its diaconal ministry gets involved in developmental issues.Christian Aid (UK) through the University of Natal, School of Theology

Internal marketing in small and medium size companies in the health service sector of Barranquilla (Colombia)

The internal marketing in small and medium-sized companies of the health sector in Barranquilla is analyzed,using a deductive methodological approach, a quantitative paradigm and a non-experimental field design. A survey is used as technique for collecting information, using a scale Likert type questionnaire, which applied to 16 people belonging to the customer service of the company being studied. The collected data were processed through factor analysis, identifying that the company understood as the product represents the the highest factorial load with 89%. It is concluded that in the application of internal marketing in the health sector strategies, employment stability, system of rewards, and communication tools, have a positive influence to achieve a motivated, satisfied and loyal workforce. For this reason, maintaining strong organizational links today is a challenge for company leaders

Influence of Al content on the mechanical properties and thermal stability in protective and oxidation atmospheres of Zr–Cr–Al–N coatings

Tools have been used under very high temperature in recent decades. Therefore, coatings on tools are required to be thermally stable and excellent in oxidation-resistance. The introduction of Al into nitride coatings was considered as an effective way to improve the coating oxidation-resistance and thermal stability. Quaternary Zr–Cr–Al–N coatings were deposited with increasing Al contents by d.c. reactive magnetron sputtering. The coatings were annealed at 800 and 900 °C for 1 h in Ar + H2 atmosphere and exposed at 700 °C for 2 h and 1200 °C for 1 h in air, respectively. The hardness, Young's modulus, adhesive/cohesive strength and residual stress of as-deposited and annealed coatings were characterized by nanoindentation, scratch test and curvature measurement method. The results showed that the coating hardness and Young's modulus increased after post-annealing at 800 °C or 900 °C; the adhesive/cohesive strength decreased after annealing due to the substrate softening. The residual stress decreased after annealing and the lowest stress status depended on the crystallinity degree of the coating. XRD patterns showed mainly Cr2O3 formed in the Al-free, and a mixture of oxides of ZrO2 and Al2O3 in the high Al coatings after 1200 °C/1 h oxidation. N is still detected in the coatings, which indicates that the coatings are not fully oxidized being exposed to 700 °C for 2 h

Effect of substrate bias voltage on structural and tribological properties of W-Ti-C-N thin films produced by combinational HiPIMS and DCMS co-sputtering

Protective multi-component thin films at the surface of cutting tools have been significantly developed to reduce wear and friction. The present work investigates the effect of substrate bias voltage on the structural-tribological relations of W-Ti-C-N thin films produced by HiPIMS and DCMS co-sputtering. Chemical analysis of the coatings is obtained and composite phase structure is revealed. Morphology of the coatings illustrates that defectless surfaces may be achieved. Topographical parameters are investigated by employing graphical software. Indentation, scratch and pin-on-disk tests (pin is AISI 52100 steel) are applied to study mechanical behaviors of the films. To produce a wear-resistant film, a median bias voltage ( 60 V) and as a result, optimum content of tungsten concentration (19.2 at. %), grain size (42.8 nm) and average peak interval (188 nm) is required. Finally, a model based on the representative volume element is developed to show crack propagation and delamination.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cultural Bias in Information Systems Research and Practice: Are You Coming From the Same Place I Am?

This article summarises an ICIS panel discussion held on December 2005 in Las Vegas on the influence of national (or ethnic) culture on IS research and practice. Based on the views of the panel members and the question and answer time with the wider audience, it was generally agreed that culture has a tremendously significant influence on IS research and practice. This influence is expressed in a bias in how research is conducted and published and how practice is conducted. The bias is usually in favour of the dominant cultural perspective. The effects of these biases, both positive and negative, are discussed and possible solutions discussed

Polymer optical fiber specklegram strain sensor with extended dynamic range

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORA polymer optical fiber strain sensor with extended dynamic range is reported. The proposed algorithm resets the reference fiber status depending on the magnitude of the specklegram deviation so the correlation coefficient never saturates, yielding a continuous response over the full range for both positive and negative strains. The technique was evaluated on the measurement of axial strains using a ZEONEX core, poly(methyl methacrylate) cladding multimode fiber, presenting reproducible results with 3 x 10(-3) mu epsilon(-1) sensitivity (similar to 15 mu epsilon resolution) within a 22,600 mu epsilon interval. In contrast to the available approaches, the presented method can retrieve the strain direction and does not require intensive image processing, thus providing a simple and reliable technique for mechanical measurements using multimode optical fibers. (C) 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)571119FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2014/50632-62017/25666-2sem informaçãosem informaçã