5 research outputs found
The effect of medication reconciliation in elderly patients at hospital discharge.
Objective To assess the impact of medication reconciliation interventions on medication error rates when elderly patients are discharged from hospital to community care or nursing homes.Setting Elderly patients (>65 years) living in nursing homes or in their own homes with care provided by the community nursing system. Method All medical records containing information on drug treatment were collected from hospital departments, the community care service and GPs. We then identified if there were any changes in the transfer of information i.e. if the drugs were not the same as before the transfer. Two different persons independently evaluated all information about the patients' drugs to identify medication errors for three different time periods. During all three periods structured discharge information was used. In period 2, electronic medication lists were introduced and in period 3 we introduced specific routines and support by a clinical pharmacist to ensure prescription in the specific medication dispensing system (ApoDos). Asymptotic Linear by-Linear Association Test was used to compare number of medication errors in period 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Main outcome measure Number of medication errors per patient. Results A total of 123 patients were evaluated at discharge. For the 109 patients using the ApoDos system, there were significant differences in the number of medication errors between period 1 and 3 (P = 0.048), period 2 and 3 (P = 0.037 but not between period 1 and 2 (P = 0.41). The mean numbers of errors were 1.5, 1.1 and 0.5 for period 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The 14 patients not using the ApoDos system had on average 0.4 errors per patient. Among the 58 patients with medication errors, 34 were evaluated as having low clinical risk, 22 moderate, and 2 high clinical risk. Conclusion Medication errors are still common when elderly patients are transferred from hospital to community/primary care. The main risk factor seems to be the specific medication dispensing system (ApoDos) or rather the process on how to use it. When this system was supported by clinical pharmacists, the error rate dropped to the same level as for patients without ApoDos
Apolipoprotein D synthesis progressively increases in frontal cortex during human lifespan
Apolipoprotein D (apo D) is a lipocalin present in the nervous system that may be related to processes of reinnervation, regeneration and neuronal cell protection. In the other way, apo D expression has been correlated, in some brain regions, with normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases. To elucidate the regional and cellular expression of apo D in normal human brain during aging, we performed a detailed and extensive study in samples of post-mortem human cerebral cortices. To achieve this study, slot blot techniques, for protein and mRNA, as well as immunohistochemistry and hybridohistochemistry methods were used. A positive correlation for apo D expression with aging was found; furthermore, mRNA levels, as well as the protein ones, were higher in the white than in the grey matter. Immunohistochemistry and non-isotopic HIS showed that apo D is synthesized in both neurons and glial cells. Apo D expression is notorious in oligodendrocytes but with aging the number of neurons that synthesize apo D is increased. Our results indicate that apo D could play a fundamental role in central nervous system aging and in the reduction of products derivated from lipid peroxidation. The increment in the expression of apo D with aging can be included in a global mechanism of cellular protection to prevent the deleterious effects caused by aging
Assessment of Riga city environment in the recent rural newcomers point of view
Mana pÄtÄ«juma nosaukums ir āRÄ«gas pilsÄtvides vÄrtÄjums neseno laucinieku skatÄ«jumÄā Mana pÄtÄ«juma mÄrÄ·is bija noskaidrot, kÄdas problÄmas rodas nesenajiem lauciniekiem, pÄrceļoties uz dzÄ«vi RÄ«gas sociÄlajÄ pilsÄtas vidÄ. Darba autore pÄtÄ«jumÄ analizÄja nesenÄ laucinieka, kurÅ” pilsÄtÄ dzÄ«vo tikai no trÄ«s lÄ«dz pieciem gadiem, RÄ«gas sociÄlÄs pilsÄtvides vÄrtÄjumu. Darba autore definÄja sekojoÅ”as analÄ«zes vienÄ«bas, proti, droŔība jeb cilvÄku savstarpÄjÄs palÄ«dzÄ«bas sniegÅ”ana pilsÄtÄ; privÄtÄ telpa jeb nesenÄ laucinieka spÄja norobežoties no apkÄrtÄjiem pilsÄtÄ, sociÄlie sakari, kÄ arÄ« identitÄte jeb nesenÄ laucinieka piederÄ«bas izjÅ«ta pilsÄtai. Darba autore veica kvalitatÄ«vu pÄtÄ«jumu, kura ietvaros tika intervÄti tie nesenie laucinieki, kuri RÄ«gÄ dzÄ«vo tikai no trÄ«s lÄ«dz pieciem gadiem. Mana pÄtÄ«juma pÄtnieciskais jautÄjums bija, kÄ tiek veidotas un uzturÄtas savstarpÄjÄs attiecÄ«bas starp lauciniekiem un pilsÄtniekiem RÄ«gÄ? KvalitatÄ«vÄ pÄtÄ«juma ietvaros tika veiktas seÅ”as padziļinÄtÄs intervijas, lai noskaidrotu, kÄdi faktori nosaka neseno laucinieku pilnvÄrtÄ«gu iekļauÅ”anos RÄ«gas pilsÄtÄ, urbÄnajÄ kopienÄ, Ä«paÅ”i akcentÄjot, neseno laucinieku iekļauÅ”anos pilsÄtas sociÄlajÄ vidÄ. Darba autore pÄtÄ«jumÄ izmantoja pilsÄtas ekoloÄ£ijas teorijas. NesenÄ laucinieka, kurÅ” pilsÄtÄ dzÄ«vo tikai no trÄ«s lÄ«dz pieciem gadiem, savstarpÄjÄs attiecÄ«bas ar pilsÄtniekiem raksturo atsveÅ”inÄtÄ«ba, bezpersoniskums, virspusÄjÄ«ba, mainÄ«ba, epizodiskums, kÄ arÄ« aprÄÄ·ins jeb izdevÄ«guma princips. RÄ«gas pilsÄtvide ietekmÄ nesenÄ laucinieka, kurÅ” pilsÄtÄ dzÄ«vo tikai no trÄ«s lÄ«dz pieciem gadiem, mijiedarbÄ«bu ar pilsÄtniekiem, kÄ arÄ« nosaka cilvÄku uzvedÄ«bu pilsÄtÄ. RezultÄtÄ nesenais laucinieks tiecas norobežoties no cieÅ”a kontakta ar cilvÄkiem pilsÄtÄ.
AtslÄgas vÄrdi:
AdaptÄcija;
Kopiena;
PilsÄtvideThe title of my study is ,,Assessment of Riga city environment in the recent rural newcomers point of viewā The aim of my study was to clarify issues, which usually arise when rural newcomers move to the urban, social environment. Author of the bachelor work analyzes those rural newcomers, who have migrated to the city of Riga just three to five years ago, re-assessing social environment change of the capital. Author defines the following points of the analysis: namely, security (mutual assistance rendering practices in the city of Riga); private space (recent rural newcomer ability to shut themselves off from the surrounding social environment); the social relations as well as the identity (recent rural newcomer sense of belonging to the social and economic structure). Authorused a qualitative methodology and managed to interview those recent rural newcomers living in the capital for abovementioned period of time. The research subject of this particular study was to demonstrate, how the social relations are managed between the target research group. Within the framework of this qualitative study the author of the bachelor work managed to do six in-depth interviews in order to find out which factors determine the recent rural newcomer inclusion in the city of Riga, as well as inclusion into the urban community, with particular emphasis on the inclusion of those into the urban social environment.. Author used urban ecology theories. The mutual relations between the city dwellers and the recent rural newcomers, can be characterized as alienated, impersonalized, superficial, episodic, as well as prudent in the bad, social way. The environment of the city directly affects interaction between the newcomers, and townsmen, as well as mutual behavior of these groups, therefore. newcomers tend to shut himself off from close contact with people constantly living in the urban area.
Key words:
Adaptation;
Community;
City environment