Perfis de risco em pessoas idosas na comunidade

Mestrado em GerontologiaObjectivo: O presente estudo pretende analisar a validade da aplicação do protocolo de rastreio RNAR_75 em pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 75 anos, no sentido de criar um protocolo de rastreio para identificação de pessoas idosas vulneráveis. Método: Procedeu-se à elaboração de um protocolo de rastreio para pessoas idosas com idade igual ou superior a 75 anos, com base na revisão de literatura, de onde resultou o protocolo RNAR_75. Posteriormente este protocolo foi aplicado a 240 pessoas idosas distribuídas por meio de uma amostragem por quotas não aleatórias nos contextos de cuidados de saúde primários e serviço comunitário. O tempo médio de administração do protocolo foi de 20 a 25 minutos. Resultados: Procedeu-se à análise de clusters, da qual resultou a formação de três clusters, os quais representam três grupos distintos de idosos. Os clusters representam três grupos de idosos que designamos: “Autónomos” (38%), “Moderadamente Dependentes” (32,9%) e com “Dependência Acentuada” (28,8%). Relativamente às variáveis de risco, foram encontrados valores estatisticamente significativos em todas, exceptuando polifarmacia. Relativamente análise descritiva da amostra estratificada por cluster, foram encontrados valores estatisticamente significativos em todas as categorias (género, idade, escolaridade e serviço de referencia) exceptuando a coabitação. Conclusões: O estudo revelou, que a identificação de três grupos distintos na população idosa, contribui para melhorar o conhecimento e compreensão das problemáticas associadas às pessoas idosas, podendo fornecer dados importantes para a planificação de cuidados a esta população. ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aims to examine the validity of applying the protocol of screening RNAR_75 in people aged less than 75 years, to create a screening protocol for identifying vulnerable older people. Method: This was the elaboration of a protocol for screening for elderly people aged 75 years or above, based on literature review, which resulted in the protocol RNAR_75. Later this protocol was applied to 240 elderly distributed through a random sampling of shares not in the contexts of primary health care and community service. The average time of administration of the protocol was 20 to 25minutes. Results: There was the analysis of clusters, which resulted in the formation of three clusters, which represent three distinct groups of elderly. The clusters represent three groups of older people called "autonomous" (38%), "Moderately Dependent" (32.9%) and "strong dependence" (28.8%). For the risk variables, values were statistically significant in all except polypharmacy. For descriptive analysis of the sample stratified by cluster, values were statistically significant in all categories (gender, age, and education and referral service) other than cohabitation. Conclusions: The study revealed that the identification of three distinct groups in the population, contributes to improving knowledge and understanding of problems related to elderly people and can provide important data for the planning of care for this population

Evaluación de un programa de educación inclusiva en un colegio de la ciudad de Pasto

Objetivo: evaluar el programa de educación inclusiva en un colegio de la ciudad de Pasto. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo evaluativo, realizado en un colegio privado, aplicando una entrevista a cinco directivos, 15 docentes y 16 padres de familia de estudiantes con discapacidad, además de efectuar un análisis documental de la información que soporta el programa de educación inclusiva del colegio. Resultados: el colegio cuenta con un programa de educación inclusiva, pero no presenta evidencia del proceso de aplicación; el 60 % de los directivos dice conocer bastante los elementos legislativos e institucionales de la educación inclusiva, contrario a lo que sostienen los docentes de la institución (80 %) y los padres de familia (68,75 %), que expresan conocer poco sobre el tema. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la institución no cumple totalmente con los requerimientos básicos para la educación inclusiva, a pesar de tener iniciado el proceso antes del año 2017, lo que evidencia la necesidad de establecer una ruta de atención integral innovadora que facilite la apropiación del programa de educación inclusiva en la institución

Effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on the quality of life of HIV-seropositive and seronegative pregnant women

Introduction: Depression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals has been associated with reduced quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative postpartum women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups: 80 HIV-seropositive and 80 HIV-seronegative postpartum women. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life short-version scale were used to assess presence of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of depressive symptoms, HIV exposure and interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Depressive symptoms were present in 35% (28) of HIV-seropositive and 17.5% (14) of HIV-seronegative participants (p = 0.02). The interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure was not significant for any quality of life domain. The main effect of HIV exposure was also not significant. Depressive symptoms had a negative influence on quality of life scores in all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The quality of life of pregnant women is negatively influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms

Clean Cruise Shipping: Experience from the BSR

The study calculates the costs of the environmental impact of cruise shipping to determine how and to what extent the cruise industry has evolved towards clean shipping in the Baltic Sea Region. While environmental regulations connect directly to emissions reduction, measures to ensure a clean shipping industry are beyond regulatory measures. The sector should be able to fully operate within an environmentally, socially, and financially acceptable structure. A holistic shipping pollution and emissions index, for example, must also include financial or economic quantification of the major environmental impacts. Thus, using empirical data collated from the industry, uncontrolled observations, and experts’ interviews, we present the annual CO2 emissions and the related emissions costs of a typical 7-day cruise that operates within the Baltic Sea region (BSR) as well as a waste management report from the port of Saint Petersburg. The result is a detailed energy demand and cost inventory assessment of cruise trips and their overall impact on the clean shipping campaign of the maritime industry. The focus on a BSR cruise and a port city led to realistic and reliable results since the Baltic Sea represents a well-defined macroregion with clear ports and cruising structures suitable for cross-sectoral activities. </p

Contribuição dos alimentos ultraprocessados no consumo alimentar diário de mulheres soropositivas e soronegativas para o HIV durante a gestação

Objective To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultraprocessed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methods This case–control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to detect differences between the groups. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between the intake of ultra-processed food and energy, macro- and micronutrients, with values of p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The HIV-positive group was older (p < 0.001) and had lower income (p ¼ 0.016) and level of schooling (p < 0.001) than the HIV-negative group. Both groups presented similar average food intake: 4,082.99 Kcal/day and 4,369.24 Kcal/day for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative women respectively (p ¼ 0.258).The HIV-positive group consumed less protein (p ¼ 0.048), carbohydrates (p ¼ 0.028) and calcium (p ¼ 0.001), andmore total fats (p ¼ 0.003). Ultra-processed foods accounted for 39.80% and 40.10% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups’ caloric intake respectively (p ¼ 0.893). The intake of these foods was associated with a higher consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), trans fat (p ¼ 0.013) and sodium (p < 0.001), as well as lower protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p ¼ 0.022). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the energy consumption and ultraprocessed food intake were similar in both groups, which reinforces the trend toward a high intake of ultra-processed food in the general population. The intake of ultraprocessed food was positively associated with the consumption of carbohydrates, trans fat and sodium, and negatively associated with the consumption of protein and fiberObjetivo Avaliar o consumo alimentar diário e a contribuição dos alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta de gestantes soropositivas e soronegativas para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos Estudo de caso–controle com 77 puérperas soropositivas e 79 soronegativas entre 2015 e 2016. Analisaram-se dados socioeconômicos e demográficos maternos, e aplicou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) adaptado para gestantes. Utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney para detectar diferenças entre os grupos. A regressão linear avaliou a associação entre o consumo de ultraprocessados e de energia, macro e micronutrientes. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados O grupo de puérperas soropositivas foi mais velho (p < 0,001), com menor renda familiar (p ¼ 0,016) e escolaridade (p < 0,001) quando comparado com o grupo das soronegativas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram médias de consumo semelhantes, com 4.082,99 Kcal/dia entre as puérperas soropositivas e 4.369,24 kcal/dia entre as soronegativas (p ¼ 0,258). Observou-se que as puérperas soropositivas consumiam menos proteínas (p ¼ 0,048), carboidratos (p ¼ 0,028) e cálcio (p ¼ 0,001), e mais gorduras totais (p ¼ 0,003). Os ultraprocessados corresponderam a 39,80% das calorias entre as soropositivas, e a 40,10% entre as soronegativas (p ¼ 0,893). O consumo destes alimentos esteve associado a um maior consumo de carboidratos (p < 0,001), gordura trans (p ¼ 0,013) e sódio (p < 0,001), e a um menor consumo de proteínas (p < 0,001) e fibras (p ¼ 0,022). Conclusão Esses achados demonstram que o consumo de energia e de alimentos ultraprocessados foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, o que reforça a tendência ao consumo elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados na população geral. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi positivamente associado ao consumo de carboidratos, gorduras trans e sódio, e negativamente associado ao consumo de proteínas e fibras

MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SEEDLINGS OF Eugenia uniflora L. AFTER CHEMICAL HARDENING

Using quality seedlings increases the chances of survival and development after planting. Hardening aims to modify the morphology of seedlings to acclimatize them to stressful field conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of chemical hardening with methyl jasmonate on the morphophysiology of Eugenia uniflora L. seedlings subjected to 12 days of water deficit. Seedlings were hardened with doses of 0, 50, 100, and 150 μmol L-1 of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Afterward, they were transplanted into pots with soil and subjected to water deficit for 12 days. During that period, we assessed shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), relative water content (RWC), robustness index (RI), Dickson quality index (DQI), shoot/root ratio (S/R), stomatal conductance (Sc) and evapotranspiration (ET). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five blocks. Variables RI, DQI, LA, RWC, and TDM values presented a quadratic trend, with promising results from the 50 and 100 µmol L-1 doses. Sc and ET values were influenced by water deficit. Under conditions of water restriction, application of MeJA in adequate doses promoted morphophysiological changes and induced defense strategies in E. uniflora seedlings. Doses of methyl jasmonate between 50 and 100 µmol L-1 resulted in seedlings with greater tolerance to water deficit for 12 days

Percepción de competencias investigativas, innovación y emprendimiento en estudiantes universitarios

Analizar la percepción del desarrollo de competencias investigativas, de innovación y emprendimiento de estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Pasto, Colombia, para generar programas y estrategias en formación investigativa en la comunidad académica

Percepción de competencias investigativas, innovación y emprendimiento en estudiantes universitarios

This research aims to analyze the perception of development the research, innovation, and entrepreneurship competencies of students and teachers at the Universidad Mariana, Colombia, to create research training programs and strategies for the academic community.Analizar la percepción del desarrollo de competencias investigativas, de innovación y emprendimiento de estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Pasto, Colombia, para generar programas y estrategias en formación investigativa en la comunidad académica

Loss of the ciliary protein Chibby1 in mice leads to exocrine pancreatic degeneration and pancreatitis

Primary cilia protrude from the apical surface of many cell types and act as a sensory organelle that regulates diverse biological processes ranging from chemo- and mechanosensation to signaling. Ciliary dysfunction is associated with a wide array of genetic disorders, known as ciliopathies. Polycystic lesions are commonly found in the kidney, liver, and pancreas of ciliopathy patients and mouse models. However, the pathogenesis of the pancreatic phenotype remains poorly understood. Chibby1 (Cby1), a small conserved coiled-coil protein, localizes to the ciliary base and plays a crucial role in ciliogenesis. Here, we report that Cby1-knockout (KO) mice develop severe exocrine pancreatic atrophy with dilated ducts during early postnatal development. A significant reduction in the number and length of cilia was observed in Cby1-KO pancreta. In the adult Cby1-KO pancreas, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were noticeable. Intriguingly, Cby1-KO acinar cells showed an accumulation of zymogen granules (ZGs) with altered polarity. Moreover, isolated acini from Cby1-KO pancreas exhibited defective ZG secretion in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that, upon loss of Cby1, concomitant with ciliary defects, acinar cells accumulate ZGs due to defective exocytosis, leading to cell death and progressive exocrine pancreatic degeneration after birth