Aplicación de un recubrimiento comestible a base de mucílago de nopal para la conservación de guayaba

Consumers are interested in natural, healthy, nutritious and wholesome products. This has motivated the development of research and edible coatings applied to fruit and vegetable products as an alternative to meet these needs. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that the use of edible coatings helps the preservation and quality of guava. To meet the objective, six treatments were evaluated with a control, three formulations of nopal mucilage plus thyme essential oil (100% mucilage, 99.5% mucilage + 0.5% essential oil, 99% mucilage + 1% essential oil), at two immersion times (60 and 30 S). The variables considered were titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, weight loss, and determination of the presence of microorganisms. The best treatment was a2b1 (99% mucilage + 1% thyme essential oil), because it preserved the greatest amount of fruit properties during the experiment. The response variable considered to be of great significance is weight, which was recorded daily for 10 days. In this physical parameter, the best treatment was a2b1 (99.5% mucilage + 1% thyme essential oil) for 30 seconds.Los consumidores orientan su interés hacia productos naturales, sanos, nutritivos, saludables. Esto ha motivado al desarrollo investigaciones y recubrimientos comestibles aplicados a productos hortofrutícolas, como una alternativa para cubrir estas necesidades. La finalidad de esta investigación es demostrar que la utilización de recubrimientos comestibles ayuda a la conservación y calidad de la guayaba. Para cumplir con el objetivo planteado se evaluaron seis tratamientos con un control, tres formulaciones de mucílago de nopal más aceite esencial de tomillo (100% mucílago, 99.5% mucílago + 0.5% aceite esencial, 99% de mucílago + 1 % de aceite esencial), a dos tiempos de inmersión (60 y 30 S). Las variables consideradas fueron acidez titulable, pH, sólidos solubles, pérdida de peso, y la determinación de la presencia de microorganismos. El mejor tratamiento fue a2b1 (99% mucílago + 1% aceite esencial de tomillo), debido a que conservó la mayor cantidad de propiedades del fruto durante el experimento. La variable respuesta considerada de gran significancia es el peso, que se registró diariamente durante 10 días, en este parámetro físico el mejor tratamiento fue a2b1 (99.5% de mucílago + 1 % de aceite esencial de tomillo) por 30 segundos

Rationale, design and organization of the delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP) trial: a randomized controlled trial of the eficacy and safety of delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies in the non-complicated acute respiratory tract infections in general practice

Background: Respiratory tract infections are an important burden in primary care and it's known that they are usually self-limited and that antibiotics only alter its course slightly. This together with the alarming increase of bacterial resistance due to increased use of antimicrobials calls for a need to consider strategies to reduce their use. One of these strategies is the delayed prescription of antibiotics. Methods: Multicentric, parallel, randomised controlled trial comparing four antibiotic prescribing strategies in acute non-complicated respiratory tract infections. We will include acute pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, acute bronchitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mild to moderate). The therapeutic strategies compared are: immediate antibiotic treatment, no antibiotic treatment, and two delayed antibiotic prescribing (DAP) strategies with structured advice to use a course of antibiotics in case of worsening of symptoms or not improving (prescription given to patient or prescription left at the reception of the primary care centre 3 days after the first medical visit). Discussion: Delayed antibiotic prescription has been widely used in Anglo-Saxon countries, however, in Southern Europe there has been little research about this topic. The DAP trial wil evaluate two different delayed strategies in Spain for the main respiratory infections in primary care

Survival in Southern European patients waitlisted for kidney transplant after graft failure: A competing risk analysis

Background Whether patients waitlisted for a second transplant after failure of a previous kidney graft have higher mortality than transplant-näive waitlisted patients is uncertain. Methods We assessed the relationship between a failed transplant and mortality in 3851 adult KT candidates, listed between 1984–2012, using a competing risk analysis in the total population and in a propensity score-matched cohort. Mortality was also modeled by inverse probability weighting (IPTW) competing risk regression. Results At waitlist entry 225 (5.8%) patients had experienced transplant failure. All-cause mortality was higher in the post-graft failure group (16% vs. 11%; P = 0.033). Most deaths occurred within three years after listing. Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death (25.3%), followed by infections (19.3%). Multivariate competing risk regression showed that prior transplant failure was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.2). After propensity score matching (1:5), the competing risk regression model revealed a subhazard ratio (SHR) of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.01–2.5). A similar mortality risk was observed after the IPTW analysis (SHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6). Conclusions Previous transplant failure is associated with increased mortality among KT candidates after relisting. This information is important in daily clinical practice when assessing relisted patients for a retransplant.This study was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (grant ICI14/00016) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional±FEDER, RETICS (REDINREN RD16/0009/0006, RD16/0009/0031

Increase in CD8+CD158a+ T Cells in Kidney Graft Blood is Associated with Better Renal Function

BACKGROUND Studies of liver and heart transplant patients have shown a gradual reconstruction of the CD8 KIR2D+ T cell subpopulations, measured in peripheral blood (PB), associated with better graft acceptance. The kinetics of these populations in kidney transplants, however, is still poorly understood, especially given the lack of studies of blood samples from the kidney graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure CD8+CD158a/b/e T cells in 69 kidney transplant patients who had stable renal function during follow-up. Measurements were made at 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplantation in graft capillary blood extracted by fine needle aspiration puncture (FNAP) and in PB. RESULTS No progressive increase was found in the PB subpopulations. However, the CD8+CD158a+ subsets increased significantly at 12 months in the graft blood versus the PB samples (3.91±4.59 vs. 2.84±4.71; p=0.021). The ratio of the percentage of CD8+CD158a+ cells in graft blood compared to PB at 12 months was associated with better renal function in those patients with a ratio ≥3 (66.6±14.53 vs. 55.7±21.6; p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS An increased ratio of CD8+CD158a+ cells, measured by flow cytometry, between graft blood and PB was associated with improved renal function.The present study was supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional – FEDER (RD16/0009/0006; grant ICI14/00016) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessYe

Regression of cardiac growth in kidney transplant recipients using anti-m-TOR drugs plus RAS blockers: a controlled longitudinal study.

Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. LVH is associated with a worse outcome, though m-TOR therapy may help to revert this complication. We therefore conducted a longitudinal study to assess morphological and functional echocardiographic changes after conversion from CNI to m-TOR inhibitor drugs in nondiabetic KT patients who had previously received RAS blockers during the follow-up. METHODS We undertook a 1-year nonrandomized controlled study in 30 non-diabetic KT patients who were converted from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) to m-TOR therapy. A control group received immunosuppressive therapy based on CNIs. Two echocardiograms were done during the follow-up. RESULTS Nineteen patients were switched to SRL and 11 to EVL. The m-TOR group showed a significant reduction in LVMi after 1 year (from 62 ± 22 to 55 ± 20 g/m2.7; P=0.003, paired t-test). A higher proportion of patients showing LVMi reduction was observed in the m-TOR group (53.3 versus 29.3%, P=0.048) at the study end. In addition, only 56% of the m-TOR patients had LVH at the study end compared to 77% of the control group (P=0.047). A significant change from baseline in deceleration time in early diastole was observed in the m-TOR group compared with the control group (P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Switching from CNI to m-TOR therapy in non-diabetic KT patients may regress LVH, independently of blood pressure changes and follow-up time. This suggests a direct non-hemodynamic effect of m-TOR drugs on cardiac mass.This study was supported by grant PI-0499/2009 from the Consejería de Salud del Gobierno de Andalucía and, in part, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (Grant no. PI10/01020) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RETIC, REDinREN RD12/0021/0015.Ye

Clinical characteristic of patients waitlisted after graft failure versus transplant-näive waitlisted patients after matching 1:5 with replacement.

<p>Clinical characteristic of patients waitlisted after graft failure versus transplant-näive waitlisted patients after matching 1:5 with replacement.</p

Estimated survival curves for death while on the waiting list in both groups adjusted for confounders using competing risk analysis.

<p>Estimated survival curves for death while on the waiting list in both groups adjusted for confounders using competing risk analysis.</p

Proportion of deaths in both groups of waiting-list patients according to time on list.

<p>Overall comparison: chi-square = 42.8; <i>P</i><0.0001 *<i>P</i> = 0.029 vs. transplant-näive waitlisted patients (chi-square = 4.77).</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients waitlisted after allograft failure versus transplant-naïve waitlisted patients.

<p>Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients waitlisted after allograft failure versus transplant-naïve waitlisted patients.</p