Transfer of trace metals by trophic chain of plankton - filter-feeding bivalves in the brackish-water lagoon lakes on the Japan Sea coast

Content of the metals Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu was determined in the water, suspended matter, plankton organisms and bivalves collected in the brackish-water lagoon lakes on the coast of the Japan Sea in July 2011-2012, August 2013, and July 2014. The lakes are located in the sparsely populated area of eastern Sikhote-Alin including the Sikhote-Alin biosphere nature reserve. The content of Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb has a tendency to decrease along the trophic chain that is conditioned by prevalence of their suspended forms over dissolved ones in the water and decreasing of the surface : weight ratio with size of living organisms. On the contrary, the content of Cu, Zn and Cd is rather stable along the food chain because of prevalence of their dissolved forms and low content in the suspended organic matter

Substantiation of conditions for biomodification of the muscle tissue of sea cucumber in preparation of mayonnaise sauces

Conditions for biomodification of the muscle tissue of sea cucumber are substantiated to reduce the portion of unprocessed raw material in the final product - sauce. For this purpose, enzymatic hydrolysis of the tissue with proteases Protamex and CelloLux is applied before the main processing. Effect of these enzymes on structural and mechanical properties of the final product is defined, as well as the effect of stabilizers. Rational concentrations of enzymes are determined for the final products with certain viscosity

Hydrochemical and biogeochemical features of freshwater and brackish lakes in eastern Sikhote-Alin

Concentration of major ions and trace metals dissolved and suspended in water and trace metals in plankton of freshwater (Vaskovskoye, Golubichnoye, Yaponskoye) and brackish (Dukhovskoye, Krugloye, Mramornoye, Blagodati) lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin is determined in July 2011-2012. The Lakes Golubichnoye and Blagodati are included in the Sikhote-Alin State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Anions are detected by the liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10AVP), cations and metals are analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS Shimadzu 6800), and carbon concentration is measured by the method of thermocatalytic oxidation with infrared registration (TOC-VCPN, Shimadzu). The freshwater lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin are distinguished by heightened concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, and sodium as compared with lakes of East-European Plain, mainly because of aerial transfer of ions from the sea. The ions concentration in brackish lakes is determined by direct penetration of seawater. Difference of the heavy metals concentration between freshwater and brackish lakes is negligible, except the manganese with higher concentration in the freshwater lakes. Lakes with wetlands in their drainage area have high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, iron and manganese, which are depended on water regime. Concentrations of trace metals in the lakes water are low because of its pluvial origin (rainwater transforms slightly in the process of filtration through effusive rocks), with exception of Lake Vaskovskoe located in the area of mining and processing the polymetallic and borosilicate ores, close to the lead smeltery in Rudnaya Pristan stopped in 2009: the lead concentration in the water of this lake is heightened, both in dissolved and suspended forms, though does not exceed the maximal permissible concentration for drinking water. Accumulation of metals by plankton is determined mainly by biological need of the plankton in these elements and practically doesn’t depend on their concentration in water