Laboratory Tests of Candidate Chemical Attractions for Ticks

Entomolog

SPECIFICATIONS OF A PROTOTYPE SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPING VARIABLE-RATE TREATMENT PRESCRIPTIONS FOR USE IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE

This paper discusses the process of developing variable-rate treatment prescriptions and gives specifications for a prototype software system for implementing that process. The process is based on statistical analysis of data from embedded field trials, and incorporates producer preferences in determining a treatment prescription. The system can be used by researchers in agricultural research stations for developing prescriptions for commercial agricultural producers. The specifications provided are general enough to be implemented using a variety of statistical and database packages that are available to researchers. In addition to these specifications we provide online access to source code for implementing the system in SAS. We use this system to develop treatment prescriptions for a commercial cotton farming operation in northeast Louisiana. The prescriptions are based on data from a precision agriculture experiment conducted in 2006. The objective of that study was to compare the effects of five nitrogen rates on cotton lint yield across several soil types for the purpose of developing a variable-rate nitrogen treatment prescription for future use on that farm. Several possible producer preferences were incorporated with the results of the field trial to produce optional treatment prescriptions for the producer

Circadian rhythm-dependent and circadian rhythm-independent impacts of the molecular clock on type 3 innate lymphoid cells

Many gut functions are attuned to circadian rhythm. Intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) include NKp46(+) and NKp46(-) subsets, which are ROR gamma t dependent and provide mucosal defense through secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and IL-17. Because ILC3s highly express some key circadian clock genes, we investigated whether ILC3s are also attuned to circadian rhythm. We noted circadian oscillations in the expression of clock and cytokine genes, such as REV-ERB alpha, IL-22, and IL-17, whereas acute disruption of the circadian rhythm affected cytokine secretion by ILC3s. Because of prominent and rhythmic expression of REV-ERB alpha in ILC3s, we also investigated the impact of constitutive deletion of REV-ERB alpha, which has been previously shown to inhibit the expression of a ROR gamma t repressor, NFIL3, while also directly antagonizing DNA binding of ROR gamma t. Development of the NKp46(+) ILC3 subset was markedly impaired, with reduced cell numbers, ROR gamma t expression, and IL-22 production in REV-ERB alpha-deficient mice. The NKp46(-) ILC3 subsets developed normally, potentially due to compensatory expression of other clock genes, but IL-17 secretion paradoxically increased, probably because ROR gamma t was not antagonized by REV-ERB alpha. We conclude that ILC3s are attuned to circadian rhythm, but clock regulator REV-ERB alpha also has circadian-independent impacts on ILC3 development and functions due to its roles in the regulation of ROR gamma t440FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2018/10165-0This study was supported by NIH grants AI095542, DE025884, and AI134236 (to M.C.); AI134035 (to M.C. and E.M.O.); MH092769 (to T.P.B.); K99 DK118110 (to J.K.B.); and T32 GM007200 (to Q.W.). J.L.F. was supported by FAPESP (2018/10165-0). M.C. receives research support from Pfizer, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, and anonymous donors, N