343 research outputs found
Understanding the high pressure properties of molecular solids and molecular surfaces deposited on hetrogeneous substrates
Work directed toward understanding the high pressure properties of molecular solids and molecular surfaces deposited on hetrogeneous substrates is reported. The motivation, apart from expanding our basic knowledge about these systems, was to understand and predict the properties of new materials synthesized at high pressure, including pressure induced metallic and superconducting states. As a consequence, information about the states of matter of the Jovian planets and their satellites, which are natural high pressure laboratories was also provided. The work on molecular surfaces and finite two and three dimensional clusters of atoms and molecules was connected with the composition and behavior of planetary atmospheres and on the processes involved in forming surface layers, which is vital to the development of composite materials and microcircuitry
Electric and magnetic fields
A number of energy momentum anomalies are described that result from the use of Abraham-Lorentz electromagnetic theory. These anomalies have in common the motion of charged bodies or current carrying conductors relative to the observer. The anomalies can be avoided by using the nonflow approach, based on internal energy of the electromagnetic field. The anomalies can also be avoided by using the flow approach, if all contributions to flow work are included. The general objective of this research is a fundamental physical understanding of electric and magnetic fields which, in turn, might promote the development of new concepts in electric space propulsion. The approach taken is to investigate quantum representations of these fields
First-order corrections to semiclassical Gaussian partition functions for clusters of atoms
Gaussian approximations to the Boltzmann operator have proven themselves in
recent years as useful tools for the study of the thermodynamic properties of
rare gas clusters. They are, however, not necessarily correct at very low
temperatures. In this article we introduce a first-order correction term to the
frozen Gaussian imaginary time propagator and apply it to the argon trimer. Our
findings show that the correction term provides objective access to the quality
of the propagator's results and clearly defines the "best" Gaussian width
parameter. The strength of the correction monitored as a function of the
temperature indicates that the results of the Gaussian propagator become
questionable below a certain temperature. The interesting thermodynamic
transition from a bounded trimer to three body dissociation lies in the
temperature range for which the Gaussian approximation is predicted to be
accurate.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, corrections in the list of refereces,
minor modifications in the text, to be published in Chemical Physic
An experimental study of color yield phenomenology in thermal fixation dyeing of a polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fiber blend with disperse dye
The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical expression for the depth of color obtained in polyester fiber in a 50/50 blend with cotton fiber as a function of bath fixed dye content and location of fixed dye in the fabric cross-section. Fixation and reflectance measurements were made on laboratory dyeings in which bath dye content and location of dye in the fabric crass-section were carefully controlled. The central was achieved through the use of varying dye and antimigrant concentrations in the pad baths, with all of the other experimental variables held constant. The experimental methodology which was used resulted in the generation of three primary farms of data: particulate migration, fixation, and reflectance values. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the contribution to color depth of bath uniformly distributed and migrated fixed dye can be quantified- but not derived- independently
Consistent Anisotropic Repulsions for Simple Molecules
We extract atom-atom potentials from the effective spherical potentials that
suc cessfully model Hugoniot experiments on molecular fluids, e.g., and
. In the case of the resulting potentials compare very well with the
atom-atom potentials used in studies of solid-state propertie s, while for
they are considerably softer at short distances. Ground state (T=0K) and
room temperatu re calculations performed with the new potential resolve
the previous discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results.Comment: RevTeX, 5 figure
Size-dependent melting: Numerical calculations of the phonon spectrum
In order to clarify the relationship between the phonon spectra of
nanoparticles and their melting temperature, we studied in detail the
size-dependent low energy vibration modes. A minimum model with atoms on a
lattice and harmonic potentials for neighboring atoms is used to reveal a
general behavior. By calculating the phonon spectra for a series of
nanoparticles of two lattice types in different sizes, we found that density of
low energy modes increases as the size of nanoparticles decreases, and this
density increasing causes decreasing of melting temperature. Size-dependent
behavior of the phonon spectra accounts for typical properties of
surface-premelting and irregular melting temperature on fine scales. These
results show that our minimum model captures main physics of nanoparticles.
Therefore, more physical characteristics for nanoparticles of certain types can
be given by phonons and microscopic potential models.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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