Current Results of the EC-sponsored Catchment Modelling (CatchMod) Cluster

To support the Water Framework Directive implementation, much research has been commissioned at both national and European levels. CatchMod is a cluster of these projects, which is focusing on the development of computational catchment models and related tools. This paper presents an overview of the results of the CatchMod cluster to dat

Spatio-temporal variability of fog-water collection in the eastern Iberian Peninsula: 2003-2012

Among the different inputs involved in the hydrological system, fog water measured by man-made passive devices is one of the most unknown components, although it could be an additional water resource for specific environmental applications (forest restoration, forest firefighting, etc.). Focusing on the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, the aim of this work is to quantify fog-water collected by a 24-fog-stations network spread across three latitudinal sectors with different locations (coastal, pre-littoral and inland), and to determine the most productive sites. Measurements from the network show that distance-to-sea, latitude or elevation differences between stations are factors affecting fog-water collection potential. The network, based on passive cylindrical omnidirectional fog-water collectors, was active during the period 2003-2012. In addition to fog collection, other environmental variables such as rainfall, wind speed and wind direction, air temperature and relative humidity were measured. These ancillary data were used in a specific data reduction technique to eliminate the simultaneous rainwater component from the fog water measurements, and in the retrieval of the optimum mean wind directions to harvest fog-water efficiently. It was concluded that (i) positive differences in elevation allow greater collection rates, even under 100m differences; (ii) optimum harvesting wind directions for inland locations are in line with the orientation of the existent valley coupled with the shortest path to the coastline, their collected fog-water volumes being generally smaller than those near the coast; (iii) fog-water collection at coastal locations present more dispersed optimal wind directions, ranging from north to the direction of the most immediate coastline; and (iv) there is a practically null dependence of the optimum mean wind direction on seasonality, but a strong dependence of fog-water captured volumes, however

Variação da eficácia sinérgica do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. em função do nível de pureza em dilapiol.

O óleo essencial de P. aduncum é rico em dilapiol, arilpropanóide que inibe enzimas oxidases e esterases dos insetos, diminuindo as doses comerciais de diferentes grupos químicos de inseticidas, incluindo-se neonicotinóides. Formulações comerciais de imidacloprido são registradas para o controle de uma gama significativa de pragas de diversas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito sinérgico de diferentes níveis de pureza deste óleo essencial quando combinado a uma formulação comercial de imidacloprido. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, de sete concentrações de cada uma dos níveis de pureza do óleo (65%, 72%, 77%, 82% e 100%) combinados com o inseticida. Esses tratamentos foram comparados á testemunha (solvente acetona) e ao butóxido de piperonila (PBO). A proporção dos sinérgicos em relação ao inseticida foi de10: 1. Lagartas de terceiro instar de Spodoptera Frugiperda J. E. Smith, 1797 foram individualizadas em placas de Petri, após a aplicação de 1,0 ul de cada tratamento no pronoto. As DL50 foram obtidas por Analise de Probit. Os fatores de sinergismo (FS) foram calculados por meio da razão entre o valor da DL50 do inseticida, tomado isoladamente, com as DL50 das combinações do imidacloprido com cada nível de pureza do óleo. Houve uma crescente atividade sinérgica do óleo em função do aumento do nível de pureza: 65% (FS= 216); 72% (FS=414), 77% (FS=499), 82% (FS=1.453), decrescendo consideravelmente, com a purificação total do óleo (FS=162). Independente do nível de pureza considerado nas combinações com imidacloprido, os valores de FS foram significativamente superiores à combinação dele com o PBO (FS= 27). Outros compostos minoritários do óleo essencial de P. aduncum, tais como: safrol, meristicina, apiol e linalol podem estar envolvidos na complementação sinérgica do dilapiol, necessitando de avaliações adicionais das frações e isolados deste composto

Synergistic potential of dillapiole oil for synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against the fall armyworm.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious lepidopterous pest of several economically important crops. Control of the fall armyworm has depended exclusively on insecticides. As a result, this pest has developed resistance to major classes of insecticides. There has been mounting interest in the use of synergist to reduce this resistance by combined application of insecticide with synergists. A highly effective, expensive insecticide might be used at a diluted rate with a less expensive chemical to give satisfactory control of a target insect and minimize the contamination of agro ecosystem

Synergistic potential of dillapiole-rich essential oil with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against fall armyworm.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergy and response homogeneity of the Spodoptera frugiperda larvae population to the Piper aduncum essential oil in combination with pyrethroid insecticides (alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin) compared to piperonylbutoxide (PBO) as positive control. Synergism (SF) comparisons were obtained using lethal concentration (LC50) and lethal dose (LD50) ratios of insecticides individually and in their respective synergistic combinations with essential oil and PBO. Dose/concentration-mortality slope curves were used to establish relative toxicity increase promoted by synergism. They also determined homogeneity response. Residual contact revealed significant potentiation for commercial insecticides formulated with beta-cypermethrin (SF=9.05-0.5) and fenpropathrin (SF=34.05-49.77) when combined with the P. aduncum essential oil. For topical contact, significant potentiation occurred only for alpha-cypermethrin (SF=7.55-3.68), fenpropathrin (SF=3.37-1.21), and gamma-cyhalothrin (SF=5.79-10.48) insecticides when combined with essential oil. With the exception of fenpropathrin and gamma-cyhalothrin, insecticides synergistic combinations presented homogeneous response by topical as well as residual contact at least with essential oil. The SF significance values of the P. aduncum essential oil combined with alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin insecticides indicated potential for this oil to be used as an alternative to PBO

Aportación de la teledetección para la determinación del parámetro hidrológico del número de curva

[ES] El número de curva es uno de los parámetros más utilizados en España para estimar la infiltración en el suelo a partir de la precipitación. Uno de los problemas que presenta su estimación es que la información que para ésta se precisa no está en muchos casos actualizada. Para resolver este problema, en el presente artículo se propone utilizar la teledetección como fuente de información adicional a otras fuentes convencionales. Para evaluar su aportación, se han escogido seis cuencas experimentales pertenecientes a la base de datos del proyecto AMHY-FR1END (Ferrer y otros, 1997) y se ha analizado las diferencias que presentan los números de curva estimados a partir de diferentes fuentes de información. Los resultados muestran que dichas diferencias son importantes en cuanto a la variabilidad espacial del parámetro, pero no así en cuanto a los valores areales del mismo en la cuenca.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto Estudio de las Posibilidades que ofrece la Teledetección y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica en la estimación de Parámetros Hidrológicos a escala regional (AMB95-1099) de la CICYT.Ferrer I Julià, M.; Ruiz Verdú, A.; Dimas Suárez, M.; Estrela Monreal, T. (1998). Aportación de la teledetección para la determinación del parámetro hidrológico del número de curva. Ingeniería del Agua. 5(1):35-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1998.2742SWORD354651Ardiles-López, L.; Ferrer Juliá, M..; Rodriguez Chaparro, J. (1996) The Use of GIS to estímate Hydrological Parameters in a Rainfall-Runoff Model. Proceedings of Joint European Conference and Exhibition on Geographical Information. Barcelona, March 27-29 1996, vol. 1, pp. 408-417.Arozarena, A. y Herrero, M. (1994) El Programa CORINE, Programa Land Cover. Una Metodología aplicada a las Islas Canarias En: Jornadas Técnicas sobre Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Teledetección Espacial aplicados a la Ordenación del Territorio y el Medio Ambiente. Vitoria, 21-23 Nov. 1994, pp. 87-98CEDEX (1994) Caracterización Geomorfológica de la Cuenca Alta del Río Palancia. Utilización de la Teledetección y de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Informe Parcial n° 3 del Proyecto I+D Modelos Hidrológicos de Previsión de Avenidas: Aplicación en Cuencas Experimentales. Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos (CEDEX).Chuvieco, E. (1996) Fundamentos de Teledetección Espacial. Editorial Rialp, 3a edición, Manuales Universitarios Rialp, 568 pp.Engman, E.T. y Gurney, R. J. (1991) Remote Sensing in Hydrology. Chapman and HallFerrer, M., Estrela, T.; Quintas, L.; Villaverde, J. (1997) Actualización de la base de datos de cuencas españolas en el proyecto Friend-Amhy. Ingeniería Civil. n° 108. pp.25-36Ferrer, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Estrela, T. (1995) Generación Automática del Número de Curva con Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Ingeniería del Agua, vol.2, n°4, pp.43-58McCuen, R.H. (1982) A Guide to Hydrologie Analysis using SCS Methods. Prentice Hall, 110 pp.McGregor (1987) Using Landsat to derive Curve number for Hydrologic Models. En:American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and ASCM Fall Convention. Reno, NV, ASPRS Technical Papers, pp.129-135.Rango, A.; Feldman, A.; George, T. y Ragan, R. (1983) Effective Use of Landsat Data in Hydrologic Models. Water Resources Bulletin. 19 (2): 165-174Richards, J.A. (1986) Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis. An Introduction. Springer-Verlag, 281 pp.Sharma, K.D. y Singh, S. (1992) Runoff estimation using Landsat Thematic Mapping data and the SCS model. Hydrological Sciences-Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 37, 1 / 2.Temez, J.R. ( 1987) Cálculo Hidrometeorológico de Caudales Máximos en Pequeñas Cuencas Naturales.MOPU, Dirección General de Carreteras, n° 12, 111 p