Primer registro de Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) como parasitoide del barrenador de ramas del aguacate Copturus aguacatae Kissinger (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en México

Se registra por primera vez a Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) como parasitoide del barrenador de ramas del aguacate, Copturus aguacatae Kissinger en Nayarit, México.Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is recorded for first time as parasitoid of the avocado stem weevil (Copturus aguacatae Kissinger) in Nayarit, Mexico

Propiedades composicionales, estructurales y fisicoquímicas de las semillas de aguacate y sus potenciales usos agroindustriales

The avocado fruit is one of the most successful products of agri-food production and industrialization in Mexico. It can be consumed fresh or processed in a wide variety of derived products. During its processing, a large amount of agro-industrial waste is generated, such as avocado seed, which has valuable components, with the potential to be used in various industries as an ingredient in the formulation of functional products. The objective of this research was to summarize the current knowledge of the composition, structure, properties and possible industrial applications of avocado seeds, and their main by-products. This study was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA declaration, for which a systematic bibliographic search of research articles from the last 20 years in different databases was used; taking into account various inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that obtaining starches and bioactive compounds from the avocado seed are the most studied categories. Being Nigeria, Mexico and the United States of America the countries with the most related reports during 2015-2020. It is concluded that there is a growing interest in the revaluation of avocado seeds, because it is considered a potential source of various components such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, healthy fatty acids, carbohydrates, among others, with possible industrial applications for the development of functional products with added value.El fruto de aguacate es uno de los productos más exitosos de la producción e industrialización agroalimentaria de México. Se puede consumir fresco o procesado en una gran variedad de productos derivados. Durante su procesamiento, se generan una gran cantidad de residuos agroindustriales como la semilla del aguacate, la cual tiene componentes valiosos y con potencial de ser utilizada en diversas industrias como ingrediente en la formulación de productos funcionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue resumir el conocimiento actual de la composición, la estructura, las propiedades y las posibles aplicaciones industriales de las semillas de aguacate y sus principales subproductos. Además, este estudio se realizó de acuerdo con la declaración Prisma, para lo cual se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica y sistemática de artículos de investigación de los últimos 20 años en diferentes bases de datos, tomándose en cuenta diversos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Entre los resultados, se encontró que la obtención de almidones y compuestos bioactivos a partir de la semilla de aguacate es la categoría más estudiada, siendo Nigeria, México y Estados Unidos los países con más reportes relacionados durante 2015-2020. La conclusión es que existe un creciente interés por la revalorización de las semillas de aguacate, debido a que se considera una fuente potencial de diversos componentes como vitaminas, minerales, antioxidantes, ácidos grasos saludables, carbohidratos, entre otros, y con posibles aplicaciones industriales para el desarrollo productos funcionales con valor agregado

A new species of Pseudophanerotoma (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Nayarit, Mexico

Parasitoid wasps are known to be among the most abundant and species-rich on Earth and thus considered an ecologically important group of arthropods. Braconid wasps play a key role in regulating the populations of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. However, the biology and taxonomy of numerous parasitoid species remain poorly known. In Mexico, only 17 species of the subfamily Cheloninae have been described. A new species of Pseudophanerotoma Zettel, 1990 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), P. huichol sp. nov., is described from Nayarit, Mexico. The tortricid moth Cryptaspasma perseana Gilligan & Brown, 2011 is reported as the host of this parasitoid wasp. Detailed taxonomic and barcoding information are provided

Organismos plaga asociados al cultivo de Aguacate (Persea Americana Mill) en Nayarit, México.

A review of the research was conducted in the State of Nayarit, Mexico, in relation to the arthropods considered a pets with the objective of making known the species of economic importance associated with the avocado crops present in the State of Nayarit. It is concluded that there are 17 species registred belonging to the Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera and Acari orders.Se efectuó una revisión de las investigaciones realizadas en el estado de Nayarit, México en relación a los artrópodos considerados plaga, con el objetivo de dar a conocer las especies de importancia económica asociadas al de cultivo de aguacate presentes en el Estado. Se concluye que para Nayarit, se tienen registradas 17 especies pertenecientes a los órdenes Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera y Acari

Parasitismo del minador de la hoja de los citricos (phyllocnistis citrella stainton) en limon persa en Xalisco, Nayarit

The objective of this research was to identify the parasitism of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella in the municipality of Xalisco, Nayarit México. The samples were taken periodically to detect the presence of larvae during the months of August and September of 2012 and July, August and September of 2013, On the orchard of lemon persa at the Unidad Academica de Agricultura (UAA). The parasitoids were collected, conserved in alcohol 70% and labeled for its mounting and identification. 986 larvae of P. citrella were collected during five sampling dates obtaining a total parasitism of 15.82% about the 1.52% correspond to Baryscapus sp. 0.10% for Aprostocetus sp. 0.61% for Tamarixia sp. and 1.31% for Cirrospilus sp. all of them belonging to the family Eulophidae. About the family Encyrtidae we found two species, Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskava which obtained 12.71% of parasitism and Metaphycus sp. with a 0.10%.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar el parasitismo del minador de la hoja de los cítricos Phyllocnistis citrella en el municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit, para lo cual se realizaron muestreos de larvas durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2012 y julio, agosto y septiembre del 2013, en el huerto experimental de limón persa de la Unidad Académica de Agricultura (UAA). Los parasitoides fueron obtenidos, conservados en alcohol al 70% y etiquetados para su posterior montaje e identificación. Se realizaron cinco muestreos, en los cuales se recolectaron 986 larvas de P. citrella, registrándose un parasitismo total de 15.82%, del cual 1.52% corresponde a Baryscapus sp., 0.10% a Aprostocetus sp., 0.61% a Tamarixia sp. y 1.31% Cirrospilus sp. todos pertenecientes a la familia Eulophidae. Dentro de familia Encyrtidae se registraron dos especies, Ageniaspis citrícola Logvinosvskava que registró un 12.71% de parasitismo, seguido por Metaphycus sp. con 0.10%

Actinomicetos antagonistas a Colletotrichum sp. Penz. en el cultivo de mango en Nayarit, México

ABSTRACT The mango crop (Mangifera indica) is susceptible to the attack of plant pathogens including fungi that damage the fruit, which is controlled with synthetic fungicides. An alternative to reverse the ecological damage caused by these chemicals is the biological control with antagonistic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to isolate native actinomycetes in mango orchards of the state of Nayarit, Mexico, with antagonistic activity to Colletotrichum sp. Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples near the rhizosphere of mango trees of Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit. We obtained 112 isolates, presenting 25 isolates in vitro antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum sp. Molecular identification showed the diversity of actinomycete isolates and the antagonistic capacity against Colletotrichum sp., indicates that they have the potential to be evaluated in vitro and in vivo against different mango phytopathogens.RESUMEN El cultivo de mango (Mangifera indica) es susceptible al ataque de fitopatógenos, entre los que destacan hongos que dañan el fruto, que son controlados con fungicidas sintéticos. Una alternativa para revertir los daños ecológicos causados por estas sustancias químicas es el control biológico con, microorganismos antagonistas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue aislar actinomicetos nativos en huertos de mango del estado de Nayarit, México, con actividad antagónica a Colletotrichum sp. Los actinomicetos se aislaron de muestras de suelo cercano a la rizosfera de árboles de mango del municipio de Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit. Se obtuvieron 112 aislados, de los cuales 25 presentaron actividad antagónica in vitro contra el Colletotrichum sp. La identificación molecular mostró diversidad de aislados de actinomicetos y la capacidad antagónica manifestada contra Colletotrichum sp., indica que tienen el potencial para ser evaluados in vitro e in vivo contra diferentes fitopatógenos del mango

Physicochemical, Structural, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Flour and Starch Isolated from Avocado Seeds of Landrace and Hass Cultivars

The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize flours and starches from the avocado seeds of Hass and landrace cultivars. The morphological, physical-chemical, structural, thermal and rheological characteristics were evaluated. The flour yield of the Hass and landrace cultivars was 41.56 to 46.86% (w/w), while for starch, it was 35.47 to 39.57% (w/w) (cv. Hass and landrace, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of oval starch granules and other particles in flour, in contrast to flours, starches showed lower ash, proteins and lipids content. However, the amylose content was higher in starches (42.25–48.2%). Flours showed a higher gelatinization temperature (Tp = 73.17–73.62 °C), and their starches presented greater gelatinization enthalpy (∆Hgel = 11.82–13.43 J/g). All samples showed a B-type diffraction pattern, and the crystallinity was higher in the flours. The rheological analysis (flow curves and viscoelastic tests) evidenced a pseudoplastic (n = 0.28–0.36) behavior in all samples analyzed, but the consistency index (k) was higher in starches. In general, the flours and starches from avocado seeds presented interesting proximal, thermal and functional properties for possible application in food systems, and these findings could contribute to the revaluation of this by-product