Aspectos motivacionales relacionados con el teletrabajo

El presente estudio trata de explicar cómo han influido las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el ámbito laboral. Cada vez son más las empresas que aplican la flexibilidad y la conciliación laboral del teletrabajo como principales elementos de motivación, para captar trabajadores con talento aunque se encuentren geográficamente distanciados. Sin embargo, el teletrabajo también tiene unos inconvenientes importantes como son el aislamiento, la pérdida de trabajo en equipo o la falta de regulación, que hacen que en España surja la desconfianza hacia esta modalidad laboral y, por lo tanto, ocupe un lugar muy por debajo de la media europea.Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano

Análisis de los determinantes de la inversión privada en el sector minero en Perú durante el periodo 2002-2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los principales factores que determinan la inversión privada en el sector minero en Perú durante el periodo de 2002-2017, la metodología empleada en este estudio es la siguiente: el método empleado es sintético analítico, el tipo de investigación que se emplea es descriptivo y explicativa, su diseño es no experimental. Las variables consideradas son: la inversión privada minera, el Producto Bruto Interno de EEUU, la inversión pública, cotización internacional de los minerales, la tasa de interés interbancario y la tasa impositiva, la data es trimestral obtenida de la página web Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, Ministerio de Energía y Minas del Perú, la Reserva Federal y de otras instituciones gubernamentales. Se hace uso de la econometría para realizar pruebas de estacionariedad de cada una de las variables, además de las metodologías de cointegración de Johansen y Pesaran para encontrar una relación a largo plazo. Los resultados muestran que un incremento de 1% en el PBI de los EEUU y en el precio del cobre, incrementa la inversión privada minera en 3.22% y 2.64% respectivamente, mientras que un incremento de 1% en la tasa de interés interbancaria disminuye la inversión privada en -3.60% con un coeficiente de corrección de errores de 10.38%. La principal conclusión que se desprende del análisis de los resultados es que la inversión privada en el sector minero esta explicada en forma positiva por el PBI de los EEUU y en el precio del cobre y en forma negativa por la tasa de interés interbancaria en el largo plazo.Tesi

Efecto del tipo tinta y de las propiedades del papel estucado de alta gama en la calidad de impresión

En los últimos años, el gran desarrollo tecnológico experimentado por el sector de la impresión offset, unido a que cada vez los costes de producción son más ajustados, ha producido un aumento de la exigencia de la calidad del papel. La calidad de impresión de un papel estucado se evalúa mediante la densidad, las coordenadas colorimétricas y el brillo de la impresión. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de las propiedades del papel estucado y de la tinta sobre las propiedades que definen la calidad de la impresión. Para ello se seleccionaron ocho papeles estucados (5 brillantes y 3 mates) y se determinaron la rugosidad y la energía libre de superficie de los mismos. Posteriormente se imprimieron con cantidades crecientes de tinta en un IGT, con dos tintas de color negro y dos cian. Por último se determinaron la densidad, el brillo y las coordenadas CIELAB de la impresión. La variación de densidad, brillo, L* a* y b* de la impresión con la tinta transferida presenta tendencias similares en todos los papeles, existiendo diferencias en la impresión en función del tipo de tinta. Las propiedades de impresión dependen principalmente de la lisura Bekk y de la componente polar de la energía de superficie

Espectroscopia de infrarrojo: una herramienta útil para evaluar la penetración de la tinta en el papel prensa

La impresión del papel prensa se realiza principalmente mediante el proceso cold-set, donde el secado de la tinta tiene lugar por la penetración de ésta en el papel. La excesiva penetración del pigmento o del vehículo en la estructura del papel, produce una pérdida de eficiencia para alcanzar la densidad óptica deseada y una disminución del coeficiente de dispersión de la luz. En este trabajo se evalúa si la espectrometría de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) es una herramienta útil para determinar la penetración de la tinta cold-set. Se imprimieron algunos papeles prensa con 3 g/m2 de tinta azul en un equipo de laboratorio Prüfbau. Las hojas impresas se separaron en capas y se registró el espectro FTIR de cada una ellas. El estudio del espectro FTIR de los papeles prensa, de la tinta y de sus componentes demostró que aparecen bandas asignables a los distintos componentes de la tinta que pueden diferenciarse con suficiente claridad de las del papel. Se ha establecido una nueva metodología basada en la espectrometría FTIR para determinar la penetración de distintos componentes de la tinta en el papel

Estudio de la relación entre las propiedades del papel prensa reciclado y el print through

Uno de los problemas más frecuentes en la impresión de papel prensa es el denominado print through, que consiste en la percepción visual de la imagen impresa por la cara contraria del papel. En la impresión cold-set, el print through es debido a las características físicas y ópticas del papel y a las interacciones tinta-papel. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido evaluar la influencia de las propiedades superficiales, ópticas y estructurales del papel prensa sobre el print through, así como obtener un modelo que lo prediga en función de las propiedades del papel. Para el estudio se han seleccionado diversos papeles prensa fabricados con fibra reciclada, siguiendo un diseño experimental donde las variables independientes son: la porosidad Bendtsen, la rugosidad Bendtsen y la luminosidad (L*). Se determinaron las propiedades físicas y ópticas, antes y después de la impresión a densidad comercial. La cuantificación del print through se realizó utilizando diversos índices obtenidos en base a cálculos experimentales y bibliográficos. Los diferentes índices empleados no consiguen explicar satisfactoriamente el efecto visual que genera la impresión sobre un observador. El print through se puede minimizar mejorando las propiedades ópticas del papel y consiguiendo impresiones uniformes

Chlorinated Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones as Cytotoxic Agents against Human Tumor Cells

This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals.Guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring compounds which have attracted attention due to their array of biological activities. In this study, chlorinated guaianolides 1–8, isolated from plants of the genus Centaurea, were evaluated against the human leukemia cell lines HL-60, U-937, a specific U-937 cell line that overexpresses the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-1. This established the relevant structure-growth inhibition relationships. Chlorohyssopifolins A (1), C (3) and D (4) and linichlorin A (6) were the most potent compounds in terms of inducing growth inhibition in the four cell lines. IC50 values were below 10 μM in all cases. Chlorohyssopifolins A (1) and D (4) and linichlorin A (6) were potent apoptotic inducers in human U-937 leukemia cells, as determined by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, and their mechanism of action was associated with cytochrome c release, caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage. Overall this study shows that guaianolides induce cytotoxicity against human tumor cells and provides important insights into the cell death pathways that are involved.This research was funded by FEDER and AGENCIA CANARIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN, INNOVACIÓN Y SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN (PROID2017010095 FEDER/ACIISI) and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund (PGC2018-094503-B-C21)

Routine cerebrospinal fluid parameters as biomarkers in first-episode psychosis: A prospective observational study

In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the role of biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) to facilitate early diagnosis, disease stratification, therapeutic choice and outcome prediction. Few studies have focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations. In this prospective observational study, 95 FEP inpatients were followed up for one year. A lumbar puncture was performed at index admission (baseline) to study the CSF parameters (glucose, total proteins, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and pleocytosis). At the baseline visit, the clinical assessment included prodromal (psychotic and non-psychotic) symptoms before the psychotic outbreak and psychopathology at admission. The SCID-I was administered to obtain a clinical diagnosis at baseline and at 12 months. The relationship between prodromal and psychopathology symptoms at the baseline visit was tested with multiple linear regression. Multinomial logistic regression was also used to explore the association between CSF biomarkers and longitudinal diagnoses at follow-up (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder vs unipolar/bipolar depression vs other psychoses). Higher CSF glucose was associated with depressive (Standardized beta = 0.27, p = 0.041) and disorganized/concrete symptoms (Standardized beta = 0.33, p = 0.023) and lower CSF LDH was associated with prodromal symptoms (Standardized beta = −0.25, p = 0.042). Lower LDH concentrations were also associated with social withdrawal (r = −0.342, p = 0.001). CSF glucose was a predictor of the long-term diagnosis (lower CSF concentrations were associated with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder diagnoses [OR = 0.88, CI95%: 0.77–0.99). Our study suggests that CSF biomarkers that involve bioenergetic systems are associated with prodromal symptoms and the phenotype of psychotic disorders during the early stages of the disease

Soluble Receptor Isoform of IFN-Beta (sIFNAR2) in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Their Association With the Clinical Response to IFN-Beta Treatment

Alternative splicing; Soluble receptors; IFNAR; Interferon beta; Multiple sclerosisEmpalmament alternatiu; Receptors solubles; IFNAR; Interferó beta; Esclerosi múltipleSplicing alternativo; Receptores solubles; IFNAR; Interferón beta; Esclerosis múltiplePurpose: Interferon beta receptor 2 subunit (IFNAR2) can be produced as a transmembrane protein, but also as a soluble form (sIFNAR2) generated by alternative splicing or proteolytic cleavage, which has both agonist and antagonist activities for IFN-β. However, its role regarding the clinical response to IFN-β for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is unknown. We aim to evaluate the in vitro short-term effects and after 6 and 12 months of IFN-β therapy on sIFNAR2 production and their association with the clinical response in MS patients. Methods: Ninety-four RRMS patients were included and evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months from treatment onset. A subset of 41 patients were classified as responders and non-responders to IFN-β therapy. sIFNAR2 serum levels were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression for IFNAR1, IFNAR2 splice variants, MxA and proteases were assessed by RT-PCR. The short-term effect was evaluated in PBMC from RRMS patients after IFN-β stimulation in vitro. Results: Protein and mRNA levels of sIFNAR2 increased after IFN-β treatment. According to the clinical response, only non-responders increased sIFNAR2 significantly at both protein and mRNA levels. sIFNAR2 gene expression correlated with the transmembrane isoform expression and was 2.3-fold higher. While MxA gene expression increased significantly after treatment, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 only slightly increased. After short-term IFN-β in vitro induction of PBMC, 6/7 patients increased the sIFNAR2 expression. Conclusions: IFN-β administration induces the production of sIFNAR2 in RRMS and higher levels might be associated to the reduction of therapeutic response. Thus, levels of sIFNAR2 could be monitored to optimize an effective response to IFN-β therapy.This research was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Technological Development Project in health DTS/1800045 to BO-M. BO-M holds a contract from Red Andaluza de Investigacion Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-reca) (RIC-0111-2019). PA-G is supported by Promoción de Empleo Joven e Implantación de la Garantía Juvenil 2018 (PEJ2018-002719-A). JR-B is supported by grants from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa, Red Española de Esclerosis Multiple REEM (RD16/0015/0010). LL holds a Nicolás Monardes research contract (RC-002-2019) from the Andalusian Ministry of Health and Family. IB-M holds a pFIS contract (FI19/00139) from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry

Identification of the Immunological Changes Appearing in the CSF During the Early Immunosenescence Process Occurring in Multiple Sclerosis

Immunitat adaptativa; Envelliment; Esclerosi múltipleInmunidad adaptativa; Envejecimiento; Esclerosis múltipleAdaptive immunity; Aging; Multiple sclerosisPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer with age an early immunosenescence process, which influence the treatment response and increase the risk of infections. We explored whether lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associated with highly inflammatory MS modify the immunological profile induced by age in MS. This cross-sectional study included 263 MS patients who were classified according to the presence (M+, n=72) and absence (M-, n=191) of LS-OCMB. CSF cellular subsets and molecules implicated in immunosenescence were explored. In M- patients, aging induced remarkable decreases in absolute CSF counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, including Th1 and Th17 cells, and of B cells, including those secreting TNF-alpha. It also increased serum anti-CMV IgG antibody titers (indicative of immunosenescence) and CSF CHI3L1 levels (related to astrocyte activation). In contrast, M+ patients showed an age-associated increase of TIM-3 (a biomarker of T cell exhaustion) and increased values of CHI3L1, independently of age. Finally, in both groups, age induced an increase in CSF levels of PD-L1 (an inductor of T cell tolerance) and activin A (part of the senescence-associated secretome and related to inflammaging). These changes were independent of the disease duration. Finally, this resulted in augmented disability. In summary, all MS patients experience with age a modest induction of T-cell tolerance and an activation of the innate immunity, resulting in increased disability. Additionally, M- patients show clear decreases in CSF lymphocyte numbers, which could increase the risk of infections. Thus, age and immunological status are important for tailoring effective therapies in MS.This work was supported by grants FIS-PI15/00513, FIS-PI18/00572 and RD16/0015/0001 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain and FEDER: "Una manera de hacer Europa"

Clozapine and paliperidone palmitate antipsychotic combination in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: A retrospective 6-month mirror-image study

Background: Around 30% of patients with schizophrenia are considered treatment resistant (TRS). Only around 40% of TRS patients respond to clozapine. Long acting injectable antipsychotics could be a useful augmentation strategy for nonresponders. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, observational, naturalistic, retrospective, 6-month mirror-image study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine and paliperidone palmitate association in 50 patients with TRS and other psychotic disorders. Clinical outcomes and side effects were systematically assessed. Results: Six months after starting the combined treatment, participants showed a significant relief of symptoms, decreasing the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score from 18.32 ± 7.71 to 7.84 ± 5.16 (p < 0.001). The number of hospitalizations, the length of hospital stays and the number of visits to emergency services also decreased, while an increase of the functionality was observed (Personal and Social Performance total score increased from 46.06 ± 118.7 to 60.86 ± 18.68, p < 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the number and severity of side effects with the combination therapy, decreasing the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser total score from 10.76 ± 8.04 to 8.82 ± 6.63 (p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that combining clozapine with paliperidone palmitate in patients with TRS and other psychotic disorders could be effective and safe, suggesting further research with randomized controlled trials of augmentation strategies for clozapine nonresponder patients. Policy Significance Statement: Patients with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia show a variable response to antipsychotic treatments. Around 30% of patients are considered treatment resistant, indicated by insufficient symptom control to at least two different drugs. In these resistant cases, clozapine should be indicated, as it has shown to be superior to other options. However, only 40% of patients respond to clozapine, being necessary to establish which treatments could best potentiate clozapine action. Combining clozapine with long acting injectable antipsychotics, and particularly paliperidone palmitate, could be a useful strategy. We conducted a multicenter study of 50 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders comparing the efficacy and tolerability in the 6 month-period prior and after starting the clozapine and paliperidone palmitate association. Our study suggests that this combination could be effective and safer, laying the groundwork for future clinical trials with this combination