Separable functions of wingless in distal and ventral patterning of the Tribolium leg

The gene wingless (wg) in Drosophila is an important factor in leg development. During embryonic development wg is involved in the allocation of the limb primordia. During imaginal disk development wg is involved in distal development and it has a separate role in ventral development. The expression pattern of wg is highly conserved in all arthropods (comprising data from insects, myriapods, crustaceans, and chelicerates), suggesting that its function in leg development is also conserved. However, recent work in other insects (e.g. the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus) argued against a role of wg in leg development. We have studied the role of wg in leg development of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Using stage-specific staggered embryonic RNAi in wild-type and transgenic EGFP expressing enhancer trap lines we are able to demonstrate separable functions of Tribolium wg in distal and in ventral leg development. The distal role affects all podomeres distal to the coxa, whereas the ventral role is restricted to cells along the ventral midline of the legs. In addition, severe leg defects after injection into early embryonic stages are evidence that wg is also involved in proximal development and limb allocation in Tribolium. Our data suggest that the roles of wg in leg development are highly conserved in the holometabolous insects. Further studies will reveal the degree of conservation in other arthropod groups

A conserved function of the zinc finger transcription factor Sp8/9 in allometric appendage growth in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus

The genes encoding the closely related zinc finger transcription factors Buttonhead (Btd) and D-Sp1 are expressed in the developing limb primordia of Drosophila melanogaster and are required for normal growth of the legs. The D-Sp1 homolog of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, Sp8 (appropriately termed Sp8/9), is also required for the proper growth of the leg segments. Here we report on the isolation and functional study of the Sp8/9 gene from the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. We show that Sp8/9 is expressed in the developing appendages throughout development and that the downregulation of Sp8/9 via RNAi leads to antennae, rostrum, and legs with shortened and fused segments. This supports a conserved role of Sp8/9 in allometric leg segment growth. However, all leg segments including the claws are present and the expression of the leg genes Distal-less, dachshund, and homothorax are proportionally normal, thus providing no evidence for a role of Sp8/9 in appendage specification

Insertional mutagenesis screening identifies the zinc finger homeodomain 2 (zfh2) gene as a novel factor required for embryonic leg development in Tribolium castaneum

The genetic control of leg development is well characterized in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. These control mechanisms, however, must differ to some degree between different insect species to account for the morphological diversity of thoracic legs in the insects. The legs of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum differ from the Drosophila legs in their developmental mode as well as in their specific morphology especially at the larval stage. In order to identify genes involved in the morphogenesis of the Tribolium larval legs, we have analyzed EGFP enhancer trap lines of Tribolium. We have identified the zfh2 gene as a novel factor required for normal leg development in Tribolium. RNA interference with zfh2 function leads to two alternative classes of leg phenotype. The loss of a leg segment boundary and the generation of ectopic outgrowths in one class of phenotype suggest a role in leg segmentation and segment growth. The malformation of the pretarsal claw in the second class of phenotype suggests a role in distal development and the morphogenesis of the claw-shaped morphology of the pretarsus. This suggests that zfh2 is involved in the regulation of an unidentified target gene in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that enhancer trap screens in T. castaneum have the potential to identify novel gene functions regulating specific developmental processes

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

age: Observational data from the ICON audit

Purpose: To investigate age-related differences in outcomes of critically ill patients with sepsis around the world.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from the prospective ICON audit, in which all adult ( >16 years ) patients admitted to participating ICUs between May 8 and 18, 2012, were included, except admissions for routine postoperative observation. For this sub-analysis, the 10,012 patients with completed age data were included. They were divided into five age groups - 80 years. Sepsis was defined as infection plus at least one organ failure.Results: A total of 2963 patients had sepsis, with similar proportions across the age groups (80 = 30.9%). Hospital mortality increased with age and in patients >80 years was almost twice that of patients 70 years was independently associated with increased risk of dying.Conclusions: The odds for death in ICU patients with sepsis increased with age with the maximal rate of increase occurring between the ages of 71 and 77 years. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. 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Nik] Hosp Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.[Tai, L.] Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[Tony, B.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp 2, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.[Bigornia, R.] Cebu Velez Gen Hosp, Cebu, Philippines.[Bigornia, R.] Perpetual Succour Hosp, Cebu, Philippines.[Palo, J.] Med City, Pasig, Philippines.[Chatterjee, S.] Alexandra Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Tan, B.] Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Singapore, Singapore.[Kong, A.] Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Goh, S.] Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Lee, C.] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan.[Pothirat, C.] Chiaingmai Univ, Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hosp, Chiang Mai, Thailand.[Khwannimit, B.] Prince Songkla Univ, Hat Yai, Thailand.[Theerawit, P.] Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand.[Pornsuriyasak, P.] Ramathibodi Hosp, Somdech Phra Debaratana Med Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand.[Piriyapatsom, A.] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand.[Mukhtar, A.] Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt.[Dsicu] Demerdash Surg Intens Care Unit, Cairo, Egypt.[Hamdy, A. Nabil] Ain Shams Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt.[Hosny, H.] Zaitoun Specialized Hosp, Cairo, Egypt.[Ashraf, A.] Gums, Tehran, Iran.[Mokhtari, M.] Sbums, Imam Hossein Hosp, Tehran, Iran.[Nowruzinia, S.] Imamreza Hosp, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.[Lotfi, A.] Laleh Hosp, Tehran, Iran.[Zand, F.] Shiraz Anesthesiol & Crit Care Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran.[Nikandish, R.] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran.[Moghaddam, O. Moradi] Tehran Med Sci Univ, Tehran, Iran.[Cohen, J.] Rabin Med Ctr, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.[Sold, O.] Sourasky Tel Aviv Med Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel.[Sfeir, T.] Ctr Hosp Nord, Ettelbruck, Luxembourg.[Hasan, A.] Sohar Hosp, Sohar, Oman.[Abugaber, D.] Specialized Arab Hosp, Nablus, Palestine.[Ahmad, H.] Almana Gen Hosp, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.[Tantawy, T.] KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Baharoom, S.] King Abdulaziz Med City Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Algethamy, H.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[Amr, A.] King Saud Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Almekhlafi, G.] Riyadh Mil Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Coskun, R.] Erciyes Univ, Med Fac, Kayseri, Turkey.[Sungur, M.] Erciyes Univ, Med Sch, Kayseri, Turkey.[Cosar, A.] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Ankara, Turkey.[Gucyetmez, B.] Int Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Demirkiran, O.] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Sch Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Senturk, E.] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Med Fac, Istanbul, Turkey.[Ulusoy, H.] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Med Fac, Trabzon, Turkey.[Atalan, H.] Mem Atasehir Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Serin, S.] Pamukkale Univ, Denizli, Turkey.[Kati, I] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Med Fac, Van, Turkey.[Alnassrawi, Z.] Dubai Hosp, Dubai, U Arab Emirates.[Almemari, A.] Mafraq Hosp, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.[Krishnareddy, K.] Sheikh Khalifa Med City, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.[Kashef, S.] Tawam Hosp, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.[Alsabbah, A.] City Hosp, Dubai, U Arab Emirates.[Poirier, G.] Hop Charles Lemoyne, Longueuil, PQ, Canada.[Marshall, J.] St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Herridge, M.] Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Herridge, M.] Toronto Western Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Fernandez-Medero, R.] San Juan Hosp, San Juan, PR USA.[Fulda, G.] Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA.[Banschbach, S.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.[Quintero, J.] El Camino Hosp, Mountain View, CA USA.[Schroeder, E.] George Washington Hosp, Washington, DC USA.[Sicoutris, C.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.[Gueret, R.] John H Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA.[Kashyap, R.] Mayo Clin, CCM, Rochester, MN USA.[Bauer, P.] Mayo Clin, PCC, Rochester, MN USA.[Nanchal, R.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.[Wunderink, R.] Northwestern Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.[Jimenez, E.] Orlando Reg Med Ctr Inc, Orlando, FL USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 2H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 2G, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 3H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 3G, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 4H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, CVRR, Washington, DC USA.[Prince, D.] Armadale Hlth Serv, Mount Nasura, WA, Australia.[Edington, J.] Bendigo Hosp, Bendigo, Vic, Australia.[Van Haren, F.] Canberra Hosp, Canberra, ACT, Australia.[Bersten, A.] Flinders Med Ctr, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia.[Hawkins, D. J.] Joondalup Hlth Campus, Joondalup, WA, Australia.[Kilminster, M.] Lismore Base Hosp, Lismore, NSW, Australia.[Sturgess, D.] Mater Adult Hosp, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[Ziegenfuss, M.] Prince Charles Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[O'Connor, S.] Royal Adelaide Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia.[Lipman, J.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[Campbell, L.] Royal Darwin Hosp, Tiwi, NT, Australia.[Mcallister, R.] Royal Hobart Hosp, Hobart, Tas, Australia.[Roberts, B.] Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Nedlands, WA, Australia.[Williams, P.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Woodville, SA, Australia.[Parke, R.] Auckland Dist Hlth Board, Auckland, New Zealand.[Seigne, P.] Christchurch Hosp, Christchurch, New Zealand.[Freebairn, R.] Hawkes Bay Hosp, Hastings, New Zealand.[Nistor, D.] Palmerston North Hosp, Midcent Hlth, Palmerston North, New Zealand.[Oxley, C.] Middlemore Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand.[Young, P.] Wellington Hosp, Wellington, New Zealand.[Valentini, R.] Cemic, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Wainsztein, N.] Fleni, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Comignani, P.] Hosp Aleman, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Casaretto, M.] Hosp Cent San Isidro, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Sutton, G.] Hosp Fernandez, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Villegas, P.] Hosp Francisco Lopez Lima Area Programa Gen Roca, Gen Roca, Argentina.[Galletti, C.] Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina.[Neira, J.] Sanatorio Trinidad Palermo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Rovira, D.] Sanatorio Julio Corzo Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.[Hidalgo, J.] Karl Heusner Mem Hosp, Belize City, Belize.[Hidalgo, J.] Belize Healthcare Partner, Belize City, Belize.[Sandi, F.] Hosp Obrero 1, La Paz, Bolivia.[Caser, E.] Cias Unimed Vitoria, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.[Thompson, M.] Evangelical Hosp Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, Brazil.[D'agostino Dias, M.] Hosp 9 Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Fontes, L.] Hosp Alcides Carneiro, Petropolis, Brazil.[Lunardi, M.] Hosp Clin Luzia De Pinho Melo, Mogi Das Cruzes, Brazil.[Youssef, N.] Hosp Nacoes Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.[Lobo, S.] Hosp Base Famerp, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil.[Silva, R.] Hosp Clin Niteroi, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.[Sales Jr, J.] Hosp Clin Padre Miguel, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Madeira Campos Melo, L.] Hosp Terapia Intens, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Oliveira, M.] Hosp Trabalhador, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.[Fonte, M.] Hosp Esperanza, Olinda, PE, Brazil.[Grion, C.] Hosp Evangel Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.[Feijo, C.] Hosp Geral Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.[Rezende, V] Hosp Geral Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil.[Assuncao, M.] Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Neves, A.] Hosp Mater Dei, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.[Gusman, P.; Dalcomune, D.] Hosp Meridional, Cariacica, ES, Brazil.[Teixeira, C.] Hosp Moinhos Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.[Kaefer, K.] Hosp Municipal Ruth Cardoso, Balneario, Brazil.[Maia, I] Hosp Nereu Ramos, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.[Souza Dantas, V] Hosp Pasteur, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Costa Filho, R.] Hosp Pro Cardiaco, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Amorim, F.] Hosp Reg Samambaia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.[Assef, M.] Hosp Reg Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, Brazil.[Schiavetto, P.] Hosp Santa Casa Campo Mourao, Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil.[Houly, J.] Hosp Santa Paula, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.[Houly, J.] Hosp Santapaula, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Bianchi, F.] Hosp Sao Jose Avai, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil.[Dias, F.] Hosp Sao Lucas Pucrs, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.[Avila, C.] Hosp Sao Vicente Paula, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.[Gomez, J.] Hosp Sao Vicente Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Rego, L.] Hosp Saude Mulher, Belem, Para, Brazil.[Castro, P.] Hosp Tacchini, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil.[Passos, J.] Hosp Unimed Costa Do Sol Macae Rj, Macae, RJ, Brazil.[Mendes, C.] Hosp Univ Ufpb Joao Pessoa, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.[Grion, C.] Hosp Univ Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.[Colozza Mecatti, G.] Hosp Univ Sao Francisco, Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil.[Ferrreira, M.] Santa Casa Caridade Diamantina, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.[Irineu, V] Santa Casa Misericordia Tatui, Tatui, Brazil.[Guerreiro, M.] Sao Francisco de Paula Hosp, Sao Francisco De Paula, RS, Brazil.[Ugarte, S.] Clin Indisa, Providencia, Chile.[Tomicic, V] Clin Las Lilas, Providencia, Chile.[Godoy, C.] Hosp Carlos Van Buren, Valparaiso, Chile.[Samaniego, W.] Hosp Trabajador Santiago, Santiago, Chile.[Escamilla, I] Hosp El Pino, San Bernardo, Chile.[Escamilla, I] Hosp Mutual De Seguridad, Santiago, Chile.[Castro Castro, L.] Ctr Med Imbanaco, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia.[Libreros Duque, G.] Clin Colombia Cali, Cali, Colombia.[Diaz-Guio, D.] Clin Del Cafe, Armenia, Colombia.[Benitez, F.] Clin La Estancia SA, Popayan, Colombia.[Guerra Urrego, A.] Clin Medellin, Medellin, Colombia.[Buitrago, R.] Fdn Clin Shaio, Bogota, Colombia.[Ortiz, G.] Hosp Santa Clara, Bogota, Colomb

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two : Milan, Italy. 1-5 October 2016.

Meeting abstrac