Manufacturing strategy in Inter-Firm collaborations: a proposed model

The origin of the project comes from two main aspects. First, considering the concept of Skinner (1968), who stressed the need to attach a crucial importance of manufacturing strategy as a competitive weapon for companies. And second, blending it with the current scenario of relationships between firms all around the world, in response of the aggressive worldwide competition, in which the task of sustaining competitive advantage has become even tougher. The current project attempts to study and analyze the manufacturing strategy field in a context of collaboration between firms, without forgetting the upper levels of strategic planning within a company, and how all this elements interact to each other and affect it. The author will be supported by a theoretical background based on the topic and the classification of different inter-firm collaboration linkages that could take place in this moment. It is been studied the different levels of strategy within a firm, and how each affects the manufacturing level, in a context of cooperation between organizations, based on different approaches to firm’s strategy, which could be valuable to the present work: Relational view, Resource-Based view and Extended Resource- Based view. Related with the case study, the author provides a brief case of U.S. automobile manufacturing firms, being focused in General Motors, which offers with valuable information of the present topic. In order to analyze the manufacturing strategy with more detail, the author considered to highlight the case of the Joint Venture undertook between GM and Toyota, which gives a strong empirical support to the work. In conclusion, this project provides a wide outlook of the scenario of collaboration linkages between firms, being focused on manufacturing decision areas, and taking into account all the elements involved, both theoretical and empirical data. It is basic to state that during the work, operations strategy and manufacturing strategy are treated as synonyms that are referred to the same concept, as it is seen along the bibliography and documents.Ingeniería Industria

Derecho aplicable en el ámbito del mecanismo único de supervisión. Interpretación y aplicación de normas nacionales por el Banco Central Europeo

El Derecho de la Unión Europea no proporciona un marco normativo completo y cerrado sobre regulación y supervisión bancaria, estando en gran parte atribuidas las competencias para definir la materia a los Estados miembros. Habida cuenta de esta realidad, cuando el Banco Central Europeo (BCE), en marco del Mecanismo Único de Supervisión proceda a ejercer sus competencias supervisoras, habrá de aplicar un ordenamiento mixto, integrado tanto por normas nacionales como comunitarias. Así, el BCE habrá de aplicar la normativa nacional derivada de la transposición de directivas y de la elección de opciones que expresamente se contengan en reglamentos, lo que plantea algunos problemas de índole práctica. En este sentido, podría optarse por una interpretación funcional que permitiera considerar al BCE como Estado, como vía para integrar plenamente la doctrina del efecto directo, cuando sea la institución de la Unión la que supervise teniendo en cuenta disposiciones nacionales. Sin embargo, ante las dudas que se suscitan, especialmente en lo referido a la aplicación de opciones contenidas en reglamentos, sería deseable que el legislador comunitario arrojara luz sobre los extremos dudosos. En otro orden de cosas, se introduce una nueva dimensión a la función de control del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, que ya no comprobará solamente que las normas locales no colisionen con el derecho de la Unión, sino que habrá de dictaminar sobre si el derecho nacional se ha interpretado y aplicado en sus justos términos por los operadores jurídicos comunitarios. European Union law does not provide a complete and closed regulatory framework on banking regulation and supervision. In fact, Member states have wide competence in order to define and configure the matter under consideration. In view of the above, when the European Central Bank (ECB), within the Single Supervisory Mechanism, exercises its supervisory powers, it will have to apply a mixed legal system integrated by both national and European Union rules. Thus, ECB will have to apply national rules transposing directives or choosing between different options that are explicitly included in EU regulations. This situation raises some practical problems and questions. In this respect, a functional interpretation could be chosen so as to consider the ECB as a State when this institution supervises taking into account national provisions, as a way to fully integrate the doctrine of direct effect of European Union law. However, it would be desirable that European legislator sheds light on the questionable situations given the doubts that arise, especially considering the application of options contained in EU regulations. Moreover, the Court of Justice of the European Union will no longer only check that national rules do not conflict with European Union law, conversely it will also monitor that Community bodies apply national law in its right terms

La adhesión voluntaria al Mecanismo Único de Supervisión: los procedimientos de cooperación estrecha

Para limitar los efectos perjudiciales de la existencia de distintas prácticas supervisoras en un mercado de servicios financieros común se procedió a la implantación de un Mecanismo Único de Supervisión (MUS) de escala comunitaria. Si bien, mientras que los Estados Miembros de la Eurozona se encuentran automáticamente integrados en el MUS, los que no tienen el euro por moneda oficial deben solicitar su adhesión voluntaria mediante formalización de una cooperación estrecha. El establecimiento de una cooperación estrecha da paso a la aplicación de un régimen particular, en el que el Estado miembro queda obligado a implementar las decisiones supervisoras del Banco Central Europeo, pero contando con la posibilidad de promover procedimientos de desacuerdo que pueden llevar, incluso, al fin de la cooperación. En cualquier caso, la pertinencia de la figura se pone en cuestión pues, actualmente, y por diversos motivos, ningún Estado miembro la ha utilizado

Gestión administrativa y desempeño docente en la I.E 0094 La Banda de Shilcayo, San Martín - 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general establecer la relación entre la gestión administrativa y el desempeño docente en la I.E 0094 La Banda de Shilcayo, San Martín - 2023. La metodología empleada para la elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación fue relacionada con el enfoque cuantitativo. El tipo de estudio realizado fue básico, diseño no experimental descriptivo correlacional, conformado por una población de 70 y una muestra de 30 docentes de la institución Educativa 0094, Distrito de la Banda de Shilcayo, periodo 2023. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y como instrumento, el cuestionario. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional por conveniencia. Los resultados más importantes según la prueba estadística de Rho de Spearman aplicada a las variables de estudio gestión administrativa y el desempeño docente indicaron que existe una relación positiva débil entre la gestión administrativa y el Desempeño docente en la institución educativa N°0094 de La Banda de Shilcayo, San Martín – 2023, con un nivel de significancia calculada menor al margen de error (α < 0.05) y un coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman de 0.149

Temperate/Tropical Transition Zones: A Hotspot for Breeding Forages with Climate Resiliency

Species resiliency to climate change is critical for sustainability of grassland agricultural systems. Transition zones between temperate and tropical climates (between 27 and 31° N and S latitude) with variable annual frost/freeze events have proven to be ideal zones for identification of species with variable climate adaptation. This paper will identify these regions around the globe and show how these regions offer distinct advantages in terms of selection for abiotic and biotic stresses, and thus resiliency to changing climate. Programs located in these regions have the advantage of exposure to alternating extreme warm and cold temperatures, drought and flood conditions, and a multitude of biotic stresses. Examples are presented of successes and constraints in moving cool season species into warmer climates, and tropical species into cooler climates. We present rationale for which direction of species movement (tropical to temperate vs. temperate to tropical) may be more likely to encounter success and why. Specific plant attributes that contribute to climate resiliency will be identified and described. The ability to identify small changes in genetic photoperiod responses in these regions, where daily changes are less than 1.5 m, are illustrated as a further advantage when the objective is development of earlier or later maturity. These regions also provide suitable environments for pests, from both tropical and temperate areas, including diseases, nematodes, and insects, providing desirable field environments for screening and genetic improvement through cycles of recurrent selection. A discussion of reproduction method is included to illustrate the need to accomplish seed production of these species in other zones in order to produce higher yields of high-quality seed

Diseño de investigación de un plan de gestión ambiental de acuerdo con la norma ISO 14001:2015, para un laboratorio clínico ubicado en la ciudad de Guatemala

Desarrollar el plan de gestión ambiental donde se incluirán el primer diagnóstico ambiental mediante la herramienta de check list de la norma ISO 14001:2015, la identificación y valorización de los impactos ambientales, las medidas de mitigación, corrección y prevención adecuadas para los impactos, así como planes de contingencia y monitoreo, al final cuantificar las mejoraras con la herramienta de diagnóstico ambiental de la norma

Screening and Breeding for Bermudagrass Stem Maggot (BSM) Resistance Using U.S. Bermudagrass Germplasm

Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is an important perennial forage grass grown in many parts of the world. Bermudagrass Stem Maggot (BSM) (Atherigona reversura Villeneuve) is an insect pest that reduces forage yield and nutritive value if it is not controlled. The pest, native to SE Asia, was first documented in North America in 2009 and is now considered invasive. A collection of over 300 forage bermudagrass accessions was evaluated in the field for susceptibility to BSM in 2014 and 2015. Tolerant lines and susceptible checks were then evaluated for yield loss due to BSM in a replicated field study by comparing insecticide-sprayed plots to unsprayed plots in Tifton, GA starting in 2016 continuing through the summer of 2019. For mid to late summer harvests during 2017, BSM reduced yield of Alicia and Russell by over 40% and Tifton 85 by up to 35%. However, tolerant accessions exhibited less than 10% yield loss and had dry matter yields comparable to Tifton 85. Nutritive value will also be assessed. These accessions will be further evaluated and used in plant breeding

Analysis of fauna for the setting of value of the multiple uses natural reserve Cerro del Cóndor, department of Pocho, Córdoba, Argentina

La Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples Cerro del Cóndor se declaró reserva natural por iniciativa de sus propietarios.A partir de esa solicitud, y durante los siguientes ocho años, se realizaron campañas de relevamiento y monitoreo de las avesy mamíferos que habitan la reserva. Se registraron más de 150 especies entre aves y mamíferos, entre las cuales hay al menosocho especies con estado de conservación vulnerable o en peligro para el territorio argentino y a nivel internacional. Además,se realizó el seguimiento continuo de una población de cóndor andino (Vultur gryphus), donde fue posible observar nidificacióny desarrollo de pichones, patrones de distribución y número de especímenes en el área. Esto realza la importancia de Cerro delCóndor como parte de los esfuerzos para impulsar la protección de la biodiversidad presente en el Valle de Traslasierra en laprovincia de Córdoba.The Natural Reserve of Multiple Uses Cerro del Cóndor was declared a nature reserve at the initiative of its owners. From that request, and during the following eight years, surveys and monitoring of the birds and mammals that inhabit the reserve were carried out. We recorded more than 150 species between birds and mammals; among which at least eight species with a vulnerable or endangered conservation status for the Argentine territory and internationally. In addition, the continuous monitoring of an Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) population was carried out, where it was possible to observe nesting and development of chicks, distribution patterns and number of specimens in the area. This highlights the importance of Cerro del Cóndor, as part of the efforts to promote the protection of biodiversity present in the Traslasierra Valley in the province of Córdoba.Fil: Fariñas Torres, Thamara. Fundación Arreken; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Rios, Ayelen. Fundación Arreken; ArgentinaFil: Schiappacasse, Esteban. Fundación Arreken; ArgentinaFil: Mañez, Mariané. Fundación Arreken; ArgentinaFil: Beruhard, Javier. Fundación Arreken; ArgentinaFil: Morales, Ruben. Grupo de Estudio de Ambiente y Fauna; Argentin

Dictamen elaborado por D. CARLOS LÁZARO MADRID Con objeto de analizar la posible responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración Pública Sanitaria por el fallecimiento de un paciente debido a defectos técnicos en un robot quirúrgico

Análisis sobre la posible responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración Pública Sanitaria por el fallecimiento de un paciente debido a defectos técnicos en un robot quirúrgico. <br /

Moving Warm-Season Forage Bermudagrass (\u3ci\u3eCynodon\u3c/i\u3e sp.) into Temperate Regions of North America

Warm-season (C4) perennial grasses are grown over millions of hectares in the Southeastern United States. These grasses produce optimal growth at 30 to 38°C diurnal temperature. Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) has been adopted as the preferred forage for many livestock and hay producers. Compared to other native and introduced warm-season perennial grass species, improved bermudagrass varieties produce high biomass with enhanced digestibility for ruminant grazing or feed. Until the 1930’s pastures in the region consisted of unimproved ‘common’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) that had been introduced earlier. However, in the early 20th century, new germplasm, including stargrass (C nlemfuënsis Vanderyst) was collected, primarily from Africa. This germplasm provided a source for major improvements in yield and digestibility. Unfortunately, stargrass is not cold tolerant, limiting it to regions between 30°N and 30°S. Intercrossing of C. nlemfuënsis with C. dactylon has produced highly successful cultivars, such as Tifton 85, which can survive at northern latitudes of at least 35°. However, there has been a desire to extend adaptation further north into the warm-season/cool-season grass transition zone. This would require a combination of breeding to improve cold tolerance in clonally-propagated varieties and development of seeded varieties that could be re-seeded following extremely cold winters. Earlier work at Oklahoma State University indicated that some cultivars had significantly different tolerance to freeze. Screening the Tifton, GA, USA core collection of 175 accessions in a northern, high-altitude location, has identified germplasm with promising cold tolerance. A breeding line (Tifton 79-16) had significantly higher yields at the northern Georgia location than the cold tolerant cultivar (Tifton 44). A number of plant introductions had higher yields as well