ANTIOXIDANT AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PROANTHOCYANIDIN IN SODIUM FLUORIDE-INTOXICATED MICE

In a study to assess the antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidin (Pro), 90 adult female Balb/c mice weighing 35-40 g were evenly divided into six groups. The experimental groups were administered Pro by gavage (25-50 mg/kg bw/day) (Pro-25, Pro-50) and sodium fluoride in drinking water (250 mg F ion/L) either alone (F in DW) or consecutively (F+Pro-25 and F+Pro-50) in certain periods of the trial. Blood samples were collected in heparinised tubes on days 0, 7, 8,10,12, and 15. Compared to the control group, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly at day 7 by 54.25%, 57.76%, and 53.71% and at day 8 by 47.33%, 54.41%, and 48.40% for the F in DW, F+Pro-25, and F+Pro-50 groups, respectively. On the other hand, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased significantly at day 7 by 48.15%, 46.30%, and 48.15% and at day 8 by 43.40%, 37.74%, and 37.74% for the same groups. Like MDA levels, erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly at day 8 by 59.50%, 56.20%, and 58.68%, at day 10 by 42.52%, 38.58%, and 38.58%, and at day 12 by 47.50%, 34.17%, and 27.50% for the same groups. On day 10, the plasma MDA levels in the F+Pro-25, and F+Pro-50 groups were decreased by 12.48% and 15.86% compared to the F in DW group and were close to that of the control group. Similarly, on day 15, the plasma MDA in the high dosage F+Pro-50 group showed a 9.32% decrease compared to the F in DW group and was close to that of the control level. In conclusion, exposure of mice to 250 mg F/L in their drinking water for the indicated periods of time was found to cause oxidative stress that was reduced by administration of Pro

The effects of experimental aflatoxicosis on the exocrine pancreas in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Essiz, Dinc/0000-0002-4759-7858WOS: 000248109400006PubMed: 17486318The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (AF) on the exocrine pancreas in quails by means of light and electron microscopy. A total of 30 quails were divided into three groups, each composed of ten animals. Total AF was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at doses of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of AF/kg feed, ppm, respectively. The quails were raised in cages with electrical heating and 24-h lighting for a period of 3 weeks. Ad libitum access was provided to feed and drinking water. Pancreas samples were taken for light and electron microscopic examination from animals that were killed by means of cervical dislocation at the end of the study. Light microscopic examination demonstrated mild mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine tissue and vacuolisation of acinar cells in the group fed on AF at 2.5 ppm. On the other hand, electron microscopic examination demonstrated degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of acinar cells, decrease in the number of zymogen granules and free ribosomes and polisomes, and dilatation of capillaries in the group fed on AF at a dose of 2.5 ppm. Numerous degenerative acinar cells were determined in the group fed a diet containing 5.0 ppm AF, in addition to the findings common with the other group exposed to the toxin

The effects of deltamethrin on some serum biochemical parameters in mice

Sixty white male mice were used in this stud:. Three groups, each comprising 20 mice were established. The control group (Group 1) was provided ad libitum pellet feed. Oil the other hand, the experimental groups, namely, Groups 2 and 3 were given pellet feed containing deltamethrin throughout the day, so that the animals were administered doses of 7.5 and 30 mg/kg/body weight/day, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days of the experiment for measurement of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alcaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase and cholinesterase activities, and levels of glucose, Urea, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, phosphor, sodium, potassium, and chloride. According to data obtained, on the l5th day of the study, compared to the control group, statistically significant increase in urea, cholesterol, ALP, cholinesterase, calcium, and potassium levels/activities, and significant decrease in SGOT activity and chloride levels in Group 2, and significant increase in cholesterol, ALP, cholinesterase, calcium, potassium and chloride levels/activities in Group 3, and significant decrease in SGOT activity in Group 3 were determined. On the 30th day of the Study, in comparison to the control group, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and ALP activity were determined to be significantly increased in the Group 2, whereas SGOT activity were significantly reduced in Group 2, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels were demonstrated to be significantly increased and SGOT activity was significantly reduced in Group 3. On the 45th day of the study, compared to the controls, significant increase in cholesterol and sodium levels, and significant decrease in triglyceride levels and ALP activity in Group 2, significant increase in creatinine, cholesterol and sodium levels and cholinesterase activity, and significant decrease in glucose, SGPT, ALP and phosphor levels/activities were detected in Group 3. On the 60th day, in other words, in the last period of the study, ALP activity, and triglyceride, calcium, and phosphor levels were determined to be significantly increased and significant decrease in amylase activity in Group 2. Furthermore, significant increase in triglyceride, ALP, amylase, calcium, phosphor, and potassium levels/activities, and significant decrease in glucose and creatinine levels were observed in Group 3. However no correlation was determined to exist between the changes were found to be statistically significant, and the administration dose and duration of deltamethrin in all periods and groups. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Influence of experimentally induced. toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin

The pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin was evaluated in Toxoplasma gondii infected and control mice. Single dose of levofloxacin (10 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally to the T. gondii infected and control mice. The experimental infection was done by intraperitoneal administration of 200 W of antigen solution (antigen solution concentrations were prepared under microscope at x40: 5, 10, and 20 trophozoites per microscopic field) per mouse from each concentration. Plasma concentrations of levofloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Following the administration of levofloxacin, T. gondii infection resulted in significant reduction (p<0.05) of the distribution half life (t(1/2 alpha)) parameters and also in increase of the peak drug concentration (C-max) compared with in control group. Also the area under curve (AUC) and mean resistance time (MRT) values of levonoxacin in T. gondii infected group (4.72 +/- 1.03 and 6.63 +/- 0.71, respectively) were found smaller than in control group (6.12 +/- 0.72 and 8.46 +/- 0.27, respectively). The study results show that a clinician may have to suitably modify the dosage regimens of the levofloxacin while setting up therapy of bacterial infection or other disease

Influence of experimentally induced. toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin

The pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin was evaluated in Toxoplasma gondii infected and control mice. Single dose of levofloxacin (10 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally to the T. gondii infected and control mice. The experimental infection was done by intraperitoneal administration of 200 W of antigen solution (antigen solution concentrations were prepared under microscope at x40: 5, 10, and 20 trophozoites per microscopic field) per mouse from each concentration. Plasma concentrations of levofloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Following the administration of levofloxacin, T. gondii infection resulted in significant reduction (p<0.05) of the distribution half life (t(1/2 alpha)) parameters and also in increase of the peak drug concentration (C-max) compared with in control group. Also the area under curve (AUC) and mean resistance time (MRT) values of levonoxacin in T. gondii infected group (4.72 +/- 1.03 and 6.63 +/- 0.71, respectively) were found smaller than in control group (6.12 +/- 0.72 and 8.46 +/- 0.27, respectively). The study results show that a clinician may have to suitably modify the dosage regimens of the levofloxacin while setting up therapy of bacterial infection or other disease

Prophylactic effect of N-acetylcysteine against sodium fluoride-induced blood oxidative stress in mice

Ninety female Balb/c mice were used. The animals were allocated to evenly six groups. While the first group was maintained as control. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were administered 750 ppm, 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 6000 ppm of N-acetylcysteine, respectively, for a period of 15 days. After day 15. Groups 2-6 were administered sodium fluoride, containing 100 ppm fluoride in drinking water, for another 15 days. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and erythrocyte superoksid dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined at the beginning of the trial and on days 15 and 30. According to the data obtained in the present study, N-acetylcysteine, when administered at the indicated doses, did not produce a significant alteration in any of the three parameters investigated. On the other hand, while the plasma MDA level was determined to have increased significantly, erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities were ascertained to have decreased significantly in the group, which was administered sodium fluoride alone on day 30. In the groups, which were administered N-acetylcysteine prior to sodium fluoride, however, it was observed that, after sodium fluoride administration, plasma MDA levels and erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities drew closer to the values of the control group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Studies on antioxidant enzymes in mice exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields

In this study, 56 female albino mice weighing 30-35 g were used. The animals were divided into a control and an experimental group. The animals in the experimental group were subjected to a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) with a field magnitude of 50 Hz and 2 mT for 8 h each day between 0900 and 1700 for 90 days. In both control and experimental groups, blood was sampled at 45, 60, and 90 days in heparinized tubes and erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were determined. The results revealed that the PEMF applied chronically within the given period and field magnitude does not cause oxidative damage. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effects of short-term exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field on some biochemical parameters in mice

57-59Five-months-old male albino mice were subjected to an electromagnetic field (EMF) of 5 mT of magni-tude with a frequency of 60 Hz for 8hr of single application. Analysis of blood sampled on hourly basis (up to 8 hr) for levels/activities of total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) from that of the control group

The Effects of Chloramphenicol on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of some dose regimens of chloramphenicol on some biochemical parameters in mice for acute and subacute periods. Chloramphenicol was given to the experimental groups at the doses of 100 mg kg(-1) bw (group 2) and 200 mg kg(-1) bw (group 3) in drinking water for 7 days. Blood samples were taken from all animals on day 0, 1, 7 and 14 of the study. The hepatotoxic effect of cloramphenicol occurred in groups 2 and 3 with increasing doses of cloramphenicol. Hepatotoxicity in groups 2 and 3 was determined based on the levels of increased activity of ALP, AST and ALT

EFFECTS OF MOLDSTOP (R) ON AFLATOXICOSIS IN QUAILS

ALTINTAS, Levent/0000-0002-5148-723XWOS: 000262248800015This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of anatoxin (AF) oil the growth performance of quails, and to determine the preventive efficacy of MOLDSTOP (R) (calcium formate, calcium propionate, citric acid, sorbic acid, acetic acid, and carrier). A total of 60 one-clay-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were equally divided into four experimental groups each comprising of five replicates of three birds. The supplementation of diet with AF decreased significantly (P<0.001) the feed consumption. The 0.5% addition of MOLDSTOP (R) to the AF diet did not significantly prevent or reduce negative effect of AF on feed consumption at any time period. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that the addition of MOLDSTOP (R) did not decrease flat deposition Caused by the toxin, and besides, an electron microscopic examination indicated the reorganisation in the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in the number of ribosomes and polisomes compared to the AF plus MOLDSTOP (R) group. The data indicated that the addition of MOLDSTOP (R) to diets containing AF did not prevent the negative effects of AF observed in the quail