Türkiye’de Jeopolitik Risk ve Turizm İlişkisi: Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi

Economic growth is fueled by the tourism industry, which is crucial for emerging nations. The risk variables that can have an impact on the tourism industry, which has a very delicate structure, must be looked into. Researching the link between geopolitical risk and tourism has become necessary, especially in Turkey, where geopolitical tensions are at their highest. The study's objective is to investigate the connection between geopolitical risk and tourism in the context of Turkey. With the aid of the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (TY) causality test and the Fractional Fourier Toda Yamamoto causality test, the relationship between the number of tourists, geopolitical risk, Brent oil, real effective exchange rate, and CPI in Turkey during the 2003:02-2021:01 period was examined in this study. The Fourier TY causality test revealed a causal relationship between BRENT and CPI variables and TS variables, as well as a causal relationship between TS variables and BRENT variables and a causal relationship between REER variables and CPI variables. Additionally, it can be observed that there is a causative relationship between BRENT and CPI and TS, as well as between TS and BRENT and CPI, according to the findings of the Fractional Fourier TY causality test used to determine whether the shocks are permanent. In addition, there is a one-way causality relationship from REER to CPI. The results show that the shocks are permanent. Based on the literature reviewed, while geopolitical risks are expected to negatively affect the number of tourists, no causal relationship could be found between geopolitical risks and the number of tourists in the case of Turkey.Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için hayati öneme sahip olan turizm sektörü, ekonomik büyümenin itici gücüdür. Son derece hassas bir yapıya sahip olan turizm sektörünü etkileyebilecek risk faktörlerinin araştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Özellikle jeopolitik gerilimlerin merkezinde yer alan Türkiye’de, jeopolitik risk ve turizm ilişkisinin araştırılması bir gereklilik olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye örneğinde jeopolitik risk ve turizm arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çalışmada 2003:02-2021:01 döneminde Türkiye’nin turist sayısı ile jeopolitik risk, brent petrol, reel efektif döviz kuru ve TÜFE arasındaki ilişki Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (TY) nedensellik testi ve Kesirli Fourier Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Fourier TY nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, BRENT ve TÜFE değişkeninden TS değişkenine, TS değişkeninden BRENT değişkenine ve REER değişkeninden TÜFE değişkenine doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Ayrıca şokların kalıcı olup olmadığını test etmek için yapılan Kesirli Fourier TY nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre BRENT ve TÜFE’den TS’ye, TS’den BRENT ve TÜFE’ye doğru nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca REER’den TÜFE’ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, şokların kalıcı olduğunu göstermektedir. İncelenen literatüre istinaden jeopolitik risklerin turist sayısını olumsuz etkilemesi beklenirken, Türkiye örneğinde jeopolitik risklerle turist sayısı arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir

İBRAHİM ÇALLI "GÜL KOKLAYAN KADIN"

İbrahim Çallı, Türk resim sanatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile Çallı Kuşağı (1914 Kuşağı) dönemindeki Gül Koklayan Kadın isimli eser, disiplinlerarası bağlamda incelenmektedir. Çallı’ nın bu eseri, Akademik ve Disiplinlerarası Yeni Sanat Eleştirisi Kuramı’ na göre çözümlenerek her yönden sonuca ulaştırılmıştır.  Article visualizations

Effect of Exercise on Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems in Rat Kidney Tissue with Hyperthyroidism

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased oxidative tissue damage. The aim of this study is to investigate whether if there is any protective effect of a regular endurance exercise on oxidative stress in kidney tissues of rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. Twenty-three male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control, hyperthyroid, exercise and, hyperthyroid with exercise. Hyperthyroid was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections at a dosage of 250 µg L-thyroxine per kg body weight and hyperthyroidism was confirmed by the measurements of TSH, FT3 and FT4 in serum. Endurance training lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 45 minutes daily treadmill running at a speed of 23 m/minute for 5 days a week. The levels of MDA, GSH and, GSH-Px activity were measured in kidney homogenates. MDA level of the hyperthyroid group was significantly higher than those of the control group(p=0.022). On the other hand, the MDA level of the exercise group was significantly lower than the MDA level of the hyperthyroid group (p=0,001). GSH level and GSH-Px activities were lower in the hyperthyroid group comparing the control group (p<0.05). GSH level and GSH-Px activity in the exercise group were higher than compared with the hyperthyroid group (p<0.05). The results of our study show that L-thyroxine injection may increase oxidative stress by causing lipid peroxidation at kidney tissues and endurance training may decrease oxidative stress. Keywords: Endurance training, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, hyperthyroidism, kidney tissue, malondialdehyde DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/70-05 Publication date: April 30th 202

The Perspective of the Automotive Industry on Sustainability: Case of Kütahya

Nowadays, the concept of sustainability, which has become one of the important and common concepts in economic and social fields and especially in the environmental science, is defined in the Brundtland Report (1987) as meeting the present needs, in such a way not to jeopardize the meeting of the needs of future generations (Nuong et al., 2011: 43).Sustainability, which has been considered as one of the professional business activities in recent years, often takes place in the strategies of businesses that are leaders in the world and are trying to achieve this goal. In this respect, sustainability, which has been just included in the agenda of the businesses in our country, constitutes the subject of the study. Based on the automotive industry, which is vital for the national economy, it is aimed to examine the perspective of production businesses operating in Kütahya in this industry on sustainability and to reveal the perception of sustainability in the businesses. The economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability in the literature and the subcomponents of these dimensions are analyzed by one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, based on the sustainability model developed by Salvado et al. (2015).This study is thought to be important in terms of increasing the awareness of sustainability, which has a major impact on global and local competition, as well as being important and primary in meeting the responsibilities of businesses to the society and environment, adopting, applying, and extending the applications in our country. It is hoped that this application study in the automotive industry will also contribute to the activity force and businesses of the country in terms of its contribution to the national economy and its intense relationship with other industries. Keywords: Sustainability, Indicators of Sustainability, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Automotive Industr

The Relationship Between Geopolitical Risk and Credit Default Swap Premium: Evidence from Turkey

This study investigates the relationship between the geopolitical risk in Turkey arising out of the war and terror incidents happened in the region during the period 2003:01-2020:06 with the CDS premium. A two-step approach is undertaken for this assessment, in which an ARDL limit test and then a time-varying symmetric and asymmetric causality test are applied to study the possible causality vis-a-vis the subperiods. The ARDL limit test does not reject the hypothesis that there is a co-integrated relationship between CDS premium and geopolitical risk index. In addition, the time-varying symmetric and asymmetric test also identifies causality between CDS premium and geopolitical risk, and establishes periods where the latter influences the former variable both in a positive and negative way. In summary, both the ARDL limit test and the time-varying symmetric and asymmetric test deduce a causal relationship between the studied variables

Do Oil Prices Have an Effects on Food Prices? Fresh Evidences from Türkiye

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between oil prices and food prices for January 2003-September 2022 in Türkiye. Design/methodology/approach – Variable associations were examined using the RALS cointegration test. The RALS-ADL cointegration test uses information in non-dispersed errors. Thus, it produces more powerful predictions for non-normal distributions compared to cointegration tests. In addition, this test avoids widespread practices such as predetermining a particular functional form. Findings – The results show that the series have a cointegration connection. The DOLS, FMOLS, and Canonic cointegration approaches produced long-term coefficients in agreement with the discovery of a long-term association. Although the results of the applied tests were comparable, the results of the FMOLS and Canonik tests are substantially more comparable. Given that FMOLS technique is more effective than others and produces outcomes comparable to those of Canonik approach, its results have been interpreted in this situation. As a result, while having a positive sign, the exchange rate variable is not statistically significant. In terms of food prices, oil prices have a negative explanatory power. The CPI variable has a considerable impacts on both the present and future pricing of food. Our findings demonstrate that the price of oil does not always correlate with the price of food, and vice versa. Discussion – There are certain recommendations that can be made to researchers and policymakers based on the findings. Supporting contract farming, which has recently been mentioned, will improve food sufficiency and the balance of food stocks, particularly during times of crisis. On the demand side, the preference for locally produced foods can reduce the over-reliance on food imports, which frequently worsens the country's status with regard to food prices and may lower the dryness. From this vantage point, future research can contrast oil-exporting nations and oil-importing countries in terms of the food price-oil price connection, whereas the current study focuses on the relationships between oil prices and food prices in Türkiye

Küresel Risk Göstergeleri ile BİST-Turizm Endeksi Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi

The aim of the study is to examine the causal relationship between the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), oil price, dollar index, and BIST-Tourism index in the context of the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) between February 1997 and September 2022. To achieve this aim, the Fourier Toda Yamamoto (TY) causality test and the fractional Fourier TY causality test were used. The Fourier TY causality test results show that there is a one-way causative relationship between the dollar index and the BIST-Tourism index, between the VIX index and the global EPU index, and between the dollar index and oil price. In addition, it is seen that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the dollar index and the global EPU index. According to the results obtained from the fractional Fourier TY causality test, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between BIST-tourism and global EPU and between BIST-tourism and oil price. In addition, a one-way causality relationship was found from the VIX index to the BIST-Tourism index, from the dollar index to the BIST-Tourism index, from the global EPU to the VIX index, and from the oil price to the dollar index. These results show that the shocks are permanent. Overall, the findings suggest that the interaction between stock prices and both national and global macroeconomic indicators is mainly a consequence of financial globalization. In other words, the liberalization of fund transfers as a result of the liberalization of money and capital markets has led to the emergence of a multidirectional interaction between many variables.Çalışmanın amacı, Şubat 1997-Eylül 2022 döneminde küresel EPU bağlamında VIX endeksi, petrol fiyatı, dolar endeksi ve BİST-Turizm endeksi arasındaki nedensel ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için Fourier Toda Yamamoto (TY) nedensellik testi ve kesirli Fourier TY nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Fourier TY nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, dolar endeksinden BİST-Turizm endeksine, VIX endeksinden küresel EPU endeksine, petrol fiyatı ve dolar endeksinden VIX endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca dolar endeksi ve küresel EPU endeksi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Kesirli Fourier TY nedensellik testinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre BIST-Turizm ve küresel EPU ile BIST-Turizm ve petrol fiyatı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. İlave olarak VIX endeksinden BIST-Turizm endeksine, dolar endeksinden BIST-Turizm endeksine, küresel EPU’dan VIX endeksine ve petrol fiyatından dolar endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar şokların kalıcı olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak, bulgular, hisse senedi fiyatları ile hem ulusal hem de küresel makroekonomik göstergeler arasındaki etkileşimin esas olarak finansal küreselleşmenin bir sonucu olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, para ve sermaye piyasalarının serbestleşmesi sonucunda fon transferlerinin serbestleşmesi, birçok değişken arasında çok yönlü bir etkileşimin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur

Antioxidant Effect of Bilberry on Oxidative Stress Caused by Acute Exercise in Rats

This research is supported by Atatürk University Scientific Research Commission. Abstract This study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of bilberry extract in decreasing the oxidative stress caused by acute exhaustive exercises in rats' blood and liver tissues.  27 Spraque-Dawley type male rats were divided into four groups (control, exercise, bilberry and bilberry+exercise groups). Bilberry extract was administered using gavage once daily. Before blood and liver tissues were taken, the rats ran in a treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min (1.5 km / h) at a slope of 0 for about 1 hour or until exhaustion. Compared to the control group, serum GSH levels and GPx activities did not have a significant change in the bilberry, acute exercise and bilberry + acute exercise groups; while serum MDA levels decreased significantly. When compared to the control group, liver GPx activity significantly increased in the bilberry and bilberry+acute exercise groups. Again, it was determined that liver GSH level significantly increased in bilberry+acute exercise group.The results of this study demonstrate that bilberry extract may provide antioxidant protection against a potential oxidative damage as it causes an increase in hepatic GPx activity and GSH levels in rats exposed to acute exhaustive exercise. Keywords: Antioxidants, acute exhaustive exercise, bilberry, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyDOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-04 Publication date: April 30th 2020

Premenstruel sendrom ile tip D kişilik ilişkisi

Objective Type D personality, defined as the presence of two personality characters -negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), is associated with various disorders. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between Type D personality and premenstruel syndrome (PMS). Material and Methods A total of 286 female (86 with PMS and 200 control) were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.28 ± 0.12 years. Data were obtained from the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) and Type D Personality Scale (DS14). SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program was used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. T test was used to compare continuous variables, chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between continuous variables. Results Depression and Type D personality were found to be significantly more common in the PMS group than in the control group (p<0.0001). Type D personality was positively correlation with PMS and BDI-21 (r=0.434, p<0.0001; OD (r=0.621, p<0.0001). Conclusion A positive relationship was found between PMS and depression and Type D personality. Prospective studies with a large number of patients are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.Amaç Negatif duygulanım ve Sosyal içe dönüklük olmak üzere iki kişilik karakterinin varlığı olarak tanımlanan D tipi kişiliğin, çeşitli hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, Tip D kişilik ile premenstruel sendrom (PMS) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmaya toplam 286 kadın (PMS:86; kontrol:200) dahil edildi. Yaş ortalamaları 21,28 ± 0,12 di. Veriler Premenstrüel Sendrom Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDI-21), D Tipi kişilik Ölçeği (DS14) sonuçlarından elde edildi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi için SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programı kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Sürekli değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında t testi, kategorik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi, sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı. Bulgular Depresyon ve D Tipi kişilik, PMS grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yaygın bulundu. (p<0.0001). D tipi kişilik ile, PMS ve BDI-21 arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi (r=0,434 p<0.0001,r=0,621 p<0.0001). Sonuç PMS ile depresyon ve D Tipi kişilik arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edildi. Altta yatan mekanizmaları daha iyi anlayabilmek için ileriye dönük, çok hasta sayılı çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir

ON SEMI-INVARIANT SUBMANIFOLDS OF ALMOST COMPLEX CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS

In this article we study semi-invariant submanifolds of almost complexcontact metric manifolds.We defined semi-invariant submanifolds of almostcomplex contact metric manifold and we have investigated semi-invariantsubmanifolds of almost complex contact metric manifolds. We investigated necessary conditions on which a semi-submanifold of an amlmasot complex contact metric manifold is invariant or anti-invariant. We found necessary and sufficientconditions to be integrable and totally geodesic of distribution $D$defined on $M$. Also we obtained necessary and sufficient conditions to be integrable and totally geodesic of distribution $D^{\bot }$ defined on$M$\