Els mecanismes d'alliberació de l'acetilcolina receptors colinèrgics sistema nerviós central neurotransmissors

La descoberta, relativament recent, de la influència de les drogues que actuen sobre el sistema colinèrgic en moltes de les funcions del sistema nerviós central, com la son, l'agressivitat, la memòria, l'aprenentatge i el comportament, ha fet que molts investigadors demanessin als que ens dediquem a l'estudi del funcionament de la transmissió sinàptica colinèrgica..

Els mecanismes d'alliberació de l'acetilcolina receptors colinèrgics sistema nerviós central neurotransmissors

La descoberta, relativament recent, de la influència de les drogues que actuen sobre el sistema colinèrgic en moltes de les funcions del sistema nerviós central, com la son, l'agressivitat, la memòria, l'aprenentatge i el comportament, ha fet que molts investigadors demanessin als que ens dediquem a l'estudi del funcionament de la transmissió sinàptica colinèrgica..

Drp1 Mediates Caspase-Independent Type III Cell Death in Normal and Leukemic Cells▿ †

Ligation of CD47 triggers caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD) in normal and leukemic cells. Here, we characterize the morphological and biochemical features of this type of death and show that it displays the hallmarks of type III PCD. A molecular and biochemical approach has led us to identify a key mediator of this type of death, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). CD47 ligation induces Drp1 translocation from cytosol to mitochondria, a process controlled by chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. Once in mitochondria, Drp1 provokes an impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which results in dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and a drop in ATP levels. Surprisingly, neither the activation of the most representative proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bax or Bak, nor the release of apoptogenic proteins AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), cytochrome c, endonuclease G (EndoG), Omi/HtrA2, or Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria to cytosol is observed. Responsiveness of cells to CD47 ligation increases following Drp1 overexpression, while Drp1 downregulation confers resistance to CD47-mediated death. Importantly, in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, mRNA levels of Drp1 strongly correlate with death sensitivity. Thus, this previously unknown mechanism controlling caspase-independent type III PCD may provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches to overcome apoptotic avoidance in malignant cells

Association between low empathy and high burnout among primary care physicians and nurses in Lleida, Spain

Altres ajuts: Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria ~ [3000 e]Background: Burnout is a growing problem among healthcare professionals and may be mitigated and even prevented by measures designed to promote empathy and resilience. Objectives: We studied the association between burnout and empathy in primary care practitioners in Lleida, Spain and investigated possible differences according to age, sex, profession, and place of practice (urban versus rural). Methods: All general practitioners (GPs) and family nurses in the health district of Lleida (population 366 000) were asked by email to anonymously complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) between May and July 2014. Tool consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's α, the association between empathy and burnout by Spearman's correlation coefficient, and the association between burnout and empathy and sociodemographic variables by the χ 2 test. Results: One hundred and thirty-six GPs and 131 nurses (52.7% response rate) from six urban and 16 rural practices participated (78.3% women); 33.3% of respondents had low empathy, while 3.7% had high burnout. The MBI and JSPE were correlated (P <.001) and low burnout was associated with high empathy (P <.05). Age and sex had no influence on burnout or empathy. Conclusion: Although burnout was relatively uncommon in our sample, it was associated with low levels of empathy. This finding and our observation of lower empathy levels in rural settings require further investigation