Papel Protagónico en el Centro Escolar El Hular del municipio de El Tuma – La Dalia, en acciones de mitigación y adaptación ante el cambio climático, durante el II semestre del 2011

El presente estudio resume el papel protagónico del centro escolar el Hular del municipio El Tuma la Dalia, durante el segundo semestre del año 2011,el cual fue generado producto de investigación dirigida a fuentes primarias, con el propósito de conocer y evaluar que acciones de adaptación y mitigación se implementan en los centros educativos, particularmente en el centro escolar El Hular, para enfrentar la crisis de cambio climático que afecta irreversiblemente al planeta donde la comunidad educativa no está exenta de ella. Herramienta que servirá también al Ministerio de Educación como un indicador para evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de la temática de cambio climático descrita en los programas de educación y bajo que metodología se están desarrollando. Según encuestas aplicadas a estudiantes, entrevistas a docentes señalan que la falta de conocimientos teóricos y prácticos en la temáticas ambiental, que poseen docentes y alumnos, limitan su capacidad de comprender la magnitud del problema, donde se promueve algunas acciones como la reforestación, el uso racional del agua, el ahorro de la energía, depositar los desechos sólidos en sacos que ubican los estudiantes, sanjeos a la orilla del centro para que no se destruya la infraestructura y limpieza de cada aula y el centro por parte de los estudiantes en conjuntos con los docente

Enhancing Depression Screening and Treatment for Latinxs Residing in the U.S.

Introduction: In the U.S., Latinxs with Spanish as their preferred language encounter two prominent structural barriers impacting access to treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). The first is that MDD symptoms commonly go undetected in Latinxs with Spanish compared to English as their preferred language. This might be perhaps because commonly used MDD screeners lack somatic symptom survey items culturally specific in how MDD may present among Latinxs with Spanish as their preferred language. The second structural barrier is that treatment access and completion rates are lower in Spanish-speaking than English-speaking Latinxs, perhaps due to treatments lacking the structure and approaches favored by Spanish-speakers. Purpose: This study had two aims (1) Examining whether the sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) could be enhanced by including a modified version of the Brief Symptom Inventiory-18 (BSI-18) somatic items; and (2) better understanding preferences for MDD treatment across linguistic groups. Together, these aims can potentially improve the recognition and treatment of depression in a largely underserved population. Design and Method: Participants were 50 Latinx adults who completed online self-report measures and a virtual MDD structured diagnostic and qualitative interview about their preferences for MDD treatment. Analytic Approach: Chi-square analyses were used to determine similarities in PHQ-9 responses between the Spanish and English-speaking subsamples. The area under the curve analyses (AUC) helped determine the cut-off in which the PHQ-9 best detected MDD in Spanish-speaking and English-speaking Latinxs and whether sensitivity and specificity improved when the somatic items were added to the screener. Thematic analyses summarized depression treatment preferences. Results: English-speaking participants endorsed more symptoms of MDD than Spanish-speaking Latinxs. Regardless of language preference, Latinx participants met diagnostic criteria for MDD according to the MDD MINI more often than on the PHQ-9 alone. The cut-off points for the PHQ-9, according to the AUC analyses, were substantially lower than the recommended cut-off. Adding the modified somatic items of the BSI-18 to the PHQ-9 did not increase the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9. Qualitative interviews juxtapose differences in the description of depression based on language groups. Spanish- speakers focused on relational ways depression impacts a sense of community connectedness. English-speakers focused on debilitating individual experiences. Both language groups endorsed preferences for therapists versed in cultural considerations. Preferences for treatment placed counseling above medication and in-person above telehealth. Conclusions: Adding the modified somatic items of the BSI-18 to the PHQ-9 did not increase the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9. Future work should investigate whether adding relationship quality questions should be included in depression screeners

Perceptions of Help-Seeking Likelihood for Depression: Examining the Relative Predictive Value of Ethnicity and Barriers to Care

Latinx and non-Latinx White adults 18 years of age and older experience depression at proportional rates. However, Latinxs seek specialized care for depression at lower rates than non-Latinx Whites, suggesting these groups experience barriers in accessing care differently. This study sought to test the theoretical steps of help-seeking as informed by the Gaining Access and Treatment Equity model (GATE model; Bridges, 2018). According to the GATE model, successful help-seeking means navigating a series of barriers: sequentially, these are perceived need, attitudinal barriers, and structural barriers. Participants (N = 987) were either Latinx (n = 437) or non-Latinx White (n = 550) undergraduate students enrolled in general psychology courses. Participants were randomized to read one of eight vignettes describing a woman with depression and were asked to rate how likely the character would be to seek mental health services. The character’s perceived need for services, attitudinal barriers, and structural barriers for seeking specialized care were manipulated. High perceived need versus low perceived need was hypothesized to better predict help-seeking. Low attitudinal versus high attitudinal barriers was hypothesized to better predict help-seeking. Low external versus high attitudinal barriers was hypothesized to better predict help-seeking. Hypotheses were tested using independent sample t-tests. The three hypotheses were supported. Logistic regression revealed structural barriers served as the strongest predictor for likelihood of seeking care. Structural barriers moderated the relationship between perceived need and perceived likelihood of seeking care, such that help-seeking was more likely to occur when structural barriers were low and perceived need was high. The same moderation effect was true for attitudinal barriers, such that perceived help-seeking was more likely in the context of low attitudinal barriers when perceived need was high. Participants’ ethnicity did not moderate the relationship between perceived need and perceived likelihood of seeking care. This work highlights the importance of addressing structural barriers to reduce disparities in accessing treatment for depression

Enhancing Depression Screening and Treatment for Latinxs Residing in the U.S.

Introduction: In the U.S., Latinxs with Spanish as their preferred language encounter two prominent structural barriers impacting access to treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). The first is that MDD symptoms commonly go undetected in Latinxs with Spanish compared to English as their preferred language. This might be perhaps because commonly used MDD screeners lack somatic symptom survey items culturally specific in how MDD may present among Latinxs with Spanish as their preferred language. The second structural barrier is that treatment access and completion rates are lower in Spanish-speaking than English-speaking Latinxs, perhaps due to treatments lacking the structure and approaches favored by Spanish-speakers. Purpose: This study had two aims (1) Examining whether the sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) could be enhanced by including a modified version of the Brief Symptom Inventiory-18 (BSI-18) somatic items; and (2) better understanding preferences for MDD treatment across linguistic groups. Together, these aims can potentially improve the recognition and treatment of depression in a largely underserved population. Design and Method: Participants were 50 Latinx adults who completed online self-report measures and a virtual MDD structured diagnostic and qualitative interview about their preferences for MDD treatment. Analytic Approach: Chi-square analyses were used to determine similarities in PHQ-9 responses between the Spanish and English-speaking subsamples. The area under the curve analyses (AUC) helped determine the cut-off in which the PHQ-9 best detected MDD in Spanish-speaking and English-speaking Latinxs and whether sensitivity and specificity improved when the somatic items were added to the screener. Thematic analyses summarized depression treatment preferences. Results: English-speaking participants endorsed more symptoms of MDD than Spanish-speaking Latinxs. Regardless of language preference, Latinx participants met diagnostic criteria for MDD according to the MDD MINI more often than on the PHQ-9 alone. The cut-off points for the PHQ-9, according to the AUC analyses, were substantially lower than the recommended cut-off. Adding the modified somatic items of the BSI-18 to the PHQ-9 did not increase the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9. Qualitative interviews juxtapose differences in the description of depression based on language groups. Spanish- speakers focused on relational ways depression impacts a sense of community connectedness. English-speakers focused on debilitating individual experiences. Both language groups endorsed preferences for therapists versed in cultural considerations. Preferences for treatment placed counseling above medication and in-person above telehealth. Conclusions: Adding the modified somatic items of the BSI-18 to the PHQ-9 did not increase the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9. Future work should investigate whether adding relationship quality questions should be included in depression screeners

Standefer v. State: The Creation of the Criminal Defendant\u27s Diminished Right to a Trial by a Fair and Impartial Jury.

In Texas, the right of an accused to have an impartial jury is firmly grounded in the voir dire process, the definitive goal of which is to empanel a fair and impartial jury. The right to a fair and impartial jury is bolstered by the voir dire examination. There have been large discrepancies over the types of questions which can be asked during the voir dire process. The court’s attempt to simplify the process of differentiating between proper and improper voir dire questions has “muddied the issue” for court participants and has resulted in the deprivation of a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a fair and impartial jury. Much of the confusion has been over commitment questions and when such questions are proper. The standard adopted in Standefer v. State presents a threat to a fair and impartial jury because, in deciding which types of commitment questions are proper, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals appears to be limiting the right to use a peremptory challenge. It is apparent the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had good intentions when it adopted Standefer and later when it modified the test in Barajas v. State. The court attempted to simplify the process of determining when a question improperly commits a prospective juror to a particular verdict. When the court in Standefer required proper commitment questions to lead to valid challenges for cause, it ignored one of the most important purposes of voir dire — examination so litigants can intelligently exercise both challenges for cause and peremptory challenges. Furthermore, Barajas’s failure to provide litigants with guidance as to whether a question is too factually detailed or overly broad, transforming voir dire into an impossible guessing game which further denies criminal defendants of their right to a fair and impartial jury

Standefer v. State: The Creation of the Criminal Defendant\u27s Diminished Right to a Trial by a Fair and Impartial Jury.

In Texas, the right of an accused to have an impartial jury is firmly grounded in the voir dire process, the definitive goal of which is to empanel a fair and impartial jury. The right to a fair and impartial jury is bolstered by the voir dire examination. There have been large discrepancies over the types of questions which can be asked during the voir dire process. The court’s attempt to simplify the process of differentiating between proper and improper voir dire questions has “muddied the issue” for court participants and has resulted in the deprivation of a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a fair and impartial jury. Much of the confusion has been over commitment questions and when such questions are proper. The standard adopted in Standefer v. State presents a threat to a fair and impartial jury because, in deciding which types of commitment questions are proper, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals appears to be limiting the right to use a peremptory challenge. It is apparent the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had good intentions when it adopted Standefer and later when it modified the test in Barajas v. State. The court attempted to simplify the process of determining when a question improperly commits a prospective juror to a particular verdict. When the court in Standefer required proper commitment questions to lead to valid challenges for cause, it ignored one of the most important purposes of voir dire — examination so litigants can intelligently exercise both challenges for cause and peremptory challenges. Furthermore, Barajas’s failure to provide litigants with guidance as to whether a question is too factually detailed or overly broad, transforming voir dire into an impossible guessing game which further denies criminal defendants of their right to a fair and impartial jury

Gran Telescopio Canarias observations of an overdense region of Lyman α emitters at z = 6.5

We present the results of our search near the end of the Reionization Epoch for faint galaxies. This has been done using very deep OSIRIS images obtained at the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). Our observations focus around two close, massive Lyman α emitters (LAEs) at redshift 6.5, discovered in the SXDS field within a large-scale overdense region. The total GTC observing time in three medium band filters (F883w35, F913w25 and F941w33) is over 34 h covering 7.0 × 8.5 arcmin2 (or ∼30 000 Mpc3 at z = 6.5). In addition to the two spectroscopically confirmed LAEs in the field, we have identified 45 other LAE candidates. The preliminary luminosity function derived from our observations, assuming a spectroscopic confirmation success rate of 2/3 as in previous surveys, suggests this area is about 2 times denser than the general field galaxy population at z = 6.5. If confirmed spectroscopically, our results will imply the discovery of one of the earliest protoclusters in the Universe, which will evolve to resemble the most massive galaxy clusters today

Diseño y construcción de un Microscopio Fotoacústico

Utilizando el efecto fotoacústico se pretende diseñar un microscopio que ayude a generar imágenes de diversos materiales principalmente en el estudio de la cinética de crecimiento en películas delgadas para poder observar la dinámica de crecimiento de las mismas.Articulo en extenso de memoria de SimposioInstituto Politecnico Nacional, CONACY

Análisis Estadístico y Predictivo de los Datos de Eventos, Víctimas y Desminado Humanitario de las Minas Antipersonal (MAP) en Colombia

This research aims to analyze the recorded data on events, cases of victims and humanitarian demining of anti-personnel mines (MAP in Spanish), improvised explosive devices (AEI in Spanish) similar to anti-personnel mines and unexploded ordnance in Colombia. This research has a quantitative approach based on longitudinal evolutionary design. The KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) methodology was used for data mining. This information source is the Departamento Administrativo de la Presidencia de la República -DAPRE, which shows 12,390 victims, mostly adult injured adult men. another finding is that humanitarian demining operations are concentrated in departments such as Antioquia, Meta and Santander. It is estimated that in Colombia the territory with mines covers around 46,024,965 m², and around 13,631,728 m² have been cleared. This efforts have reached 29.62% of the cleared area in activities or operations. These numerical conclusions allow us to say that consequences of munitions include not only injuries and deaths, but also physical, psychological, social and economic impacts on affected communities. The population forced displacement by the presence of antipersonnel mines also stands out as a significant consequence.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los datos registrados sobre los eventos, casos de víctimas y desminado humanitario de minas antipersonal (MAP), artefactos explosivos improvisados (AEI) con características de minas antipersonal y municiones sin explotar (MUSE) en Colombia. Tiene un enfoque cuantitativo que se basó en el diseño longitudinal evolutivo. Por su parte, respecto a la minería de los datos se empleó la metodología Knowledge Discovery in Databases(KDD). La fuente principal de esta información fue el Departamento Administrativo de la Presidencia de la República (DAPRE), que da cuenta de 12.390 víctimas de minas antipersonales, en su mayoría hombres mayores de edad, siendo el 81% afectados por heridas y 19% fallecidos. Según esta información se puede decir que las operaciones de desminado humanitario se concentran en departamentos como Antioquia, Meta y Santander; y se estima que Colombia tiene un territorio contaminado por minas antipersonal (MAP) de alrededor de 46.024.965 m2; mientras se han despejado cerca de 13.631.728 m2. Al comparar los esfuerzos han llegado a 29.62% de área despejada en actividades u operaciones. Las consecuencias de los artefactos incluyen heridas y muertes, pero el impacto abarca dimensiones físicas, psicológicas, sociales y económicas en las comunidades afectadas. El desplazamiento forzado de la población, debido a la presencia de minas antipersonales, también se destaca como una consecuencia significativa

Caracterización fitoquímica, bromatológica y poder antioxidante del fruto de Neltuma calderensis (yaro) para uso como alimento funcional

La investigación describe la “Caracterización fitoquímica, bromatológica y poder antioxidante del fruto de Neltuma calderensis (yaro) para uso como alimento funcional”, los frutos recolectados en el distrito de Yarabamba - Arequipa. En el extracto etanólico, se identificó compuestos fenólicos, taninos, aminoácidos libres, flavonoides, esteroides y alcaloides, del análisis bromatológico: humedad 6,72%; cenizas 3,20%; grasa 1,27%; proteínas 5,78%; fibra 27,78%; carbohidratos 55,25%, siendo el aporte calorífico de 311,11 Kcal/100 g. En el contenido de elementos químicos realizado por espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS), se obtuvo los siguientes macroelementos indispensables: 2 055,1 mg de Ca, 1 393,6 mg de P, 729,8 mg de Mg, 143,7 mg de Na, 22 729,5 mg de K, 82,80 mg de Fe, 17,80 mg de Cu y 17,1 mg de Zn y microelementos: 37,3 mg de B, 3,3 mg de Ba, 17,8 mg de Cs, 4,0 mg de Mn y 143, 7 mg de Mo, además de elementos nocivos: 1,1 mg de Pb, 0,6 mg Si y 18,7 mg de Sn. En el perfil de aminoácidos realizado por cromatografía en capa fina, en el extracto etanólico se identificó aminoácidos: glutamina, prolina, glicina, serina, treonina, fenilalanina y triptófano, se encontró tres aminoácidos esenciales. La determinación cualitativa de vitamina A con el reactivo Carr-Price, fue positiva. El contenido de vitamina C por el método yodométrico de 3,39 mg vitC/100g de pulpa. La determinación de polifenoles totales por el método Folin-Ciocalteau y espectroscopia UV-Visible a 765 nm se obtuvo 16,344 mg GAE/100g en pulpa y 48,318 mg GAE/100g en semilla. La capacidad antioxidante realizado por espectroscopia UV-Visible por el método DPPH a 517 nm con estándar Trolox en pulpa 54, 739 mg ET/ 100 g y semilla 49, 864 54, 739 mg ET/ 100 g con porcentaje de inhibición en pulpa 54,575% y semilla 49,864%; por todos los análisis y resultados obtenidos la pulpa del fruto de Neltuma calderensis, podría considerarse como alimento funcional